Jim Hunt
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Template:Infobox officeholder James Baxter Hunt Jr. (born May 16, 1937) is an American politician and retired attorney who was the 69th and 71st governor of North Carolina (1977–1985, and 1993–2001). He is the longest-serving governor in the state's history.<ref>Wayne Grimsley, James B. Hunt: A North Carolina Progressive (2003)</ref>
Hunt is tied with former Ohio governor Jim Rhodes for the sixth-longest gubernatorial tenure in post-Constitutional U.S. history at {{#expr:Template:Age in days+Template:Age in days}} days.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He is also the father of current North Carolina Lieutenant Governor Rachel Hunt.
Many credit Hunt and his leadership example being a major reason why, in contrast to many ex-Confederate and border states, North Carolina's Democratic Party has managed to stay relevant in state politics from Ronald Reagan's presidency through 2024.<ref>Southern Politics in the 1990s, Louisiana State University Press, 1999, edited by Alexander P. Lamis; pp. 92-94.</ref>
Early life
[edit]Hunt was born on May 16, 1937, in Greensboro, North Carolina to James Baxter Hunt, a soil conservationist, and Elsie Brame Hunt, a schoolteacher.<ref name= ncpedia>Template:Cite web</ref> When he was a child, the family moved to a farm outside of Wilson, North Carolina.<ref name= ncpedia/> He was raised in the Free Will Baptist Church but later converted to Presbyterianism.<ref name= ncpedia/>
He is a graduate of North Carolina State College, now known as North Carolina State University, with a B.S. in agricultural education and a M.S. in agricultural economics. During his undergraduate career, Hunt was involved in Student Government. He was the second student to serve two terms as Student Body President of NC State.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His master's thesis was about economic analysis of different tobacco production techniques.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> In 1964, he received a J.D. from the University of North Carolina School of Law. He went on to serve as the president of the Young Democratic Clubs of North Carolina, now known as the Young Democrats of North Carolina.
Political career
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From 1964 to 1966, Hunt was a Ford Foundation economic advisor in Nepal. After working on several state and national campaigns for Democratic candidates and attending several Democratic conventions as a delegate, in addition to his work with the North Carolina Young Democratic Clubs, in 1972 he ran successfully for lieutenant governor.Template:Citation needed He was sworn in on January 5, 1973.Template:Sfn With the election of James Holshouser as governor in 1972—the first Republican to win the office in decades—the Democratic majority in the General Assembly was compelled to raise the stature of the office of the lieutenant governor. It raised the job's salary from $5,000 to $30,000 per year, increased the office operating budget, and expanded its staff from two to five.Template:Sfn
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Hunt was first sworn in as Governor of North Carolina on January 8, 1977.<ref name= stewart>Template:Cite news</ref> He is the only Governor of North Carolina to have been elected to four terms. He was first elected governor in 1976 over Republican David Flaherty and was re-elected in 1980, defeating I. Beverly Lake. Hunt supported a constitutional change during his first term that allowed him to be the first North Carolina governor to run for a second consecutive term.
In 1981 Hunt chaired the Hunt Commission, named after himself, which established superdelegates in the Democratic National Convention.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
In 1984 he lost a bitterly contested race for the Senate seat held by Jesse Helms, and left elective politics for eight years. He returned in 1992 and defeated Republican lieutenant governor and Hardee's executive Jim Gardner to win the governorship. Hunt was re-elected by a large margin over future US Congressman Robin Hayes in 1996. He left office in January 2001, and was replaced by fellow Democrat, Attorney General Mike Easley.
Actions and political views
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In the 1970s Governor Hunt was a supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment and, with his wife Carolyn, he urged its approval by the state legislature (which failed to ratify it by two votes) and appointed Betty Ray McCain as his chief lobbyist for the amendment. Hunt was an early proponent of teaching standards and early childhood education, gaining national recognition for the Smart Start program for pre-kindergarteners. In his book, First in America: An Education Governor Challenges North Carolina, Hunt says that under testing and accountability measures he put into place test scores went up. He says 56% of students were proficient in 1994 compared with 70% in the year 2000. He says without testing students slip through the cracks and face a "limited future" (p. 55). In 2000 he was mentioned as a possible Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> or Education Secretary for Al Gore had Gore been successful in the 2000 presidential race. 2004 Democratic nominee Sen. John Kerry was likewise considering Hunt for Secretary of Education had he won,Template:Citation needed and he was considered a candidate to be Barack Obama's Secretary of Education.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Hunt served on the Carnegie Task Force, which created the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards and more recently on the Spellings Commission on the Future of Higher Education.
As governor, Hunt was involved in a variety of efforts to promote technology and technology-based economic development, including the establishment of the North Carolina Biotechnology Center, and the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics. He was also very successful at recruiting business to his state.
Hunt was key actor in the trial of the Wilmington Ten. By the late 1970s, their case had gained international attention and was viewed as an embarrassment to the US and North Carolina in particular. CBS had broadcast a 60 Minute piece about the case that suggested that the evidence against the ten had been fabricated.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In January 1978, following the higher courts' refusal to dismiss these charges, Hunt decided to reduce their sentencing of 20–25 years to 13–17 years rather than pardon and free them.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Many black North Carolinian politicians at the time disapproved of Hunt's decision but the general mentality at the time was that "right now blacks have nowhere else to turn" so there was no organized opposition movement. Howard Nathaniel Lee, however, refused to resign from his appointed role as cabinet secretary, as a form of protest against Hunt.<ref>Janken, Kenneth Robert. The Wilmington Ten: Violence, Injustice, and the Rise of Black Politics in the 1970s. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina, 2015. 152+. Print.</ref>
Hunt was criticized for allowing Darryl Hunt (no relation known) to remain in prison for 20 years after the wrongfully convicted Winston-Salem man was exonerated by exculpatory DNA evidence which pointed to another perpetrator. Darryl Hunt was pardoned by the succeeding governor, Mike Easley. During his terms in office Hunt oversaw 13 executions (two during his first period in office, 11 during his second), including the first post-Furman execution of a female (Velma Barfield) and the first post-Furman execution in North Carolina (James W. Hutchins).
Hunt was a proponent of North Carolina's tobacco industry, even after the negative health effects of tobacco use became clear. When Reagan Administration Surgeon General Dr. C. Everett Koop accused the tobacco industry of directing advertising at children and threatening human lives, Hunt called for his impeachment.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Retirement
[edit]Hunt founded and is chair emeritus of the Institute for Emerging Issues at N.C. State University in Raleigh.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2001 Hunt founded the James B. Hunt Jr. Institute for Educational Leadership & Policy Foundation, Inc.,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> commonly known as The Hunt Institute. The organization's mission is to secure America's future through quality education, and is dedicated to empowering governors, policymakers, and other educational leaders in the development and implementation of comprehensive strategies for the transformation of public education.
Personal life
[edit]Hunt has been married to Carolyn Leonard Hunt since 1958 and they have a son (James Baxter Hunt III) and three daughters (including former State Senator and current Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina Rachel Hunt).
Electoral history
[edit]1972 North Carolina Lt. Gubernatorial Election
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Jim Hunt ran unopposed in the Democratic primary.<ref name="SouthNow 46" />
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Legacy
[edit]Template:Infobox library The following are named for Governor Hunt:
- James B. Hunt, Jr. Institute for Educational Leadership & Policy Foundation, Inc.Template:Citation needed
- James B. Hunt Jr. Library at North Carolina State University Centennial CampusTemplate:Citation needed
- James B. Hunt High School in Wilson County, North CarolinaTemplate:Citation needed
- James B. Hunt Jr. Residence Hall at North Carolina School of Science and MathematicsTemplate:Citation needed
- James B. Hunt Horse Complex at the North Carolina State Fairgrounds is used year-round for horse shows and other agricultural exhibitions.Template:Citation needed
- The M/V Gov. James B. Hunt Jr. is the primary ferry on the Currituck Sound route, making daily runs between Currituck and Knotts Island, operated by the North Carolina Department of Transportation Ferry DivisionTemplate:Citation needed
- Hunt Hall (dormitory) at the University of North Carolina at CharlotteTemplate:Citation needed
An authorized biography of Hunt, authored by former press secretary Gary Pearce, was released in the fall of 2010.Template:Citation needed
In 2024, daughter Rachel, who since 2018 served in both the North Carolina House and the North Carolina Senate, would succeed her father in being elected to a North Carolina statewide office when she was elected Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> in addition, Rachel was also the first Democrat to get elected Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina since 2008.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Works cited
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Grimsley, Wayne. James B. Hunt: A North Carolina Progressive (2003) scholarly biography
External links
[edit]- News & Observer profile
- Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, PLLC Biography
- UNC-TV: Biographical Conversations with James B. Hunt, Jr.
- Guide to the James B. Hunt Papers 1971-1997, 2012
- Past Winners of Harold W. McGraw, Jr. Prize in Education
- Oral History Interviews with James B. Hunt [1], [2], [3] from Oral Histories of the American South
- James B. Hunt Political Campaign Audiovisual Material, 1980–1997
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Template:Governors of North Carolina Template:Authority control
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- 1937 births
- Living people
- 20th-century American lawyers
- 20th-century North Carolina politicians
- American Presbyterians
- American expatriates in Nepal
- Candidates in the 1984 United States elections
- Converts to Presbyterianism
- Democratic Party governors of North Carolina
- Former Baptists
- Hunt family (North Carolina)
- Lieutenant governors of North Carolina
- North Carolina State University alumni
- People from Wilson, North Carolina