Glenwood Springs, Colorado
Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox settlement
Glenwood Springs is a home rule municipality and the county seat of Garfield County, Colorado, United States.<ref name="GR6">Template:Cite web</ref> According to the 2020 United States census, the city has a population of 9,963.<ref name="2020_Census" /> It is located at the confluence of the Roaring Fork River and the Colorado River, connecting the Roaring Fork Valley and a series of smaller towns on the Colorado River.
Glenwood Springs is known for its hot springs.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
History
[edit]For thousands of years, the area now known as Glenwood Springs has been inhabited by Indigenous people.<ref name="NPS/BLM" /> The oral history of the Kapuuta and Mouache bands recall that Glenwood Springs is located within the traditional Nuuchiu tuvupu (The People's Land) of the Subuagan and Parianuche bands. Fred Conetah's History of the Northern Utes<ref name="Conetah">Template:Cite book</ref> states that the Yampa or White River bands used the area, which is now in the Ute ancestral jurisdiction.<ref name="SUDrum">Template:Cite news</ref> The Utes were nomadic hunter-gatherers who seasonally used the natural hot springs in the area. The U.S. government surveyed the land in the mid-19th century, although they had no claim on the land. An 1868 treaty negotiated by the Tabeguache Ute Chief Ouray preserved the hunting grounds in the area of present-day Glenwood Springs.<ref name="GS Colorado">Template:Cite web</ref>
Glenwood Springs was originally known as "Defiance" because its original white settlers squatted on the Ute Indian Reservation. Defiance was a camp of tents, saloons, and brothels.
Garfield County was created on February 10, 1883, with Carbonate as the county seat. The mining town of Carbonate was located high in the remote Flat Tops mountains. Isaac Cooper platted a legal settlement named Barlow at the confluence of the Roaring Fork River and the Grand River where Defiance had been, and the Barlow, Colorado, post office opened on June 25, 1883.<ref name=CPO>Template:Cite book</ref> Garfield County voters moved the county seat to the much more accessible Barlow later that year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Isaac Cooper's wife Sarah had a hard time adjusting to the frontier life and, in an attempt to make her environment somewhat more comfortable, persuaded the founders to change the name of Barlow to Glenwood Springs, after her hometown of Glenwood, Iowa.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Barlow post office was renamed Glenwood Springs, Colorado, on March 28, 1884,<ref name=CPO/> and the Town of Glenwood Springs was incorporated on September 4, 1885.<ref name=MuniIncCO/>
The location of Glenwood Springs, and its railroad stop, established a center of commerce in the area. The city has seen well-known visitors, including President Teddy Roosevelt,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> who spent a summer vacation living in the historic Hotel Colorado. Doc Holliday, who was known for the O.K. Corral gunfight, spent the final months of his life in Glenwood Springs and is buried in the town's original Pioneer Cemetery above Bennett Avenue. Kid Curry is buried in the same location.
Glenwood Springs was one of the first places in the United States to have electric lights. The original lighting was installed in 1897 inside of the Fairy Caves in Iron Mountain. Later, a dam was built on the Grand River in Glenwood Canyon, providing water for the Shoshone Hydroelectric Generating Station, which began producing power on May 16, 1909. On July 21, 1921, an Act of Congress changed the name of the Grand River to the Colorado River. The Shoshone plant retains some of the largest and oldest water rights on the upper Colorado River,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the "Shoshone Call",<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> which is valuable for the protection of Colorado River water rather than the minimal electricity produced.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The serial killer Ted Bundy was imprisoned in the Garfield County Jail until he escaped on the night of December 30, 1977, an escape which went undetected for 17 hours.<ref>Michaud, Stephen, and Hugh Aynesworth. The Only Living Witness. Authorlink 1999, paperback. Template:ISBN. p. 212-213.</ref>
Geography
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Glenwood Springs is located in the narrow mountain valleys that host the confluence of the Colorado River and the Roaring Fork River. The surrounding terrain is steeply contoured on all sides, containing several caves.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The geology of the area includes geothermal activity, such as the local hot springs, but it is also evidenced through other features such as the Dotsero maar. Occasional proposals to leverage the geothermal energy for other purposes arise.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Glenwood Springs has experienced several mudslides throughout its history, a threat mitigated somewhat by public works.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Glenwood Springs is considered a walkable town by PBS<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Walking Magazine,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> included in the Walking Town Hall of Fame.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Though the town's geography makes it a natural environment for pedestrians and cyclists, there are also trails running throughout<ref name="bikemap">Template:Cite web</ref> and around the city<ref name="trailmap">Template:Cite web</ref> that resulted from planning efforts that began in the 1980s in response to congestion and traffic.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Due to civic planning during the early years of the city, Glenwood Springs owns some senior water rights to tributaries of the Colorado River.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Glenwood Springs water supply is sufficient for its population, unlike some areas of the American West, conservation plans have been enacted anyway for largely environmental reasons.<ref name="glenwood-springs.co.us">Template:Cite web</ref> The town's drinking water is supplied primarily through senior rights to major watersheds in the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, and the tap water is generally of safe quality.<ref name="water1213">Template:Cite web</ref>
Mineral deposits exist further up the Crystal River and in the Roaring Fork area, and petroleum resources are ample in western Garfield County,<ref name="oilgasmap">Template:Cite web</ref> which brings tax revenue to Glenwood Springs. However, the town itself lies outside of the Colorado Mineral Belt, and there are no mineral or oil and gas sources near Glenwood Springs proper or its watersheds.<ref name="oilgasmap" /> While the paucity of minerals and oil was disastrous for early miners hoping to strike it rich, modern Glenwood Springs has none of the typical Colorado mountain town legacy of resource extraction,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> generally good air quality,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> water, and land.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> However, valley inversions and heavy traffic to Aspen can lead to air quality problems during exceptionally cold spells of winter.
At the 2020 United States census, the city had a total area of Template:Convert, including Template:Convert of water.<ref name=2020_Census/>
Climate
[edit]Glenwood Springs has a generally continental steppe climate, much more consistently stable than that of the Front Range and most of Colorado, though still decidedly continental and prone to periods of extreme weather. Microclimates dominate Glenwood Springs, with areas close to the rivers often much more damp and cool than hillsides.
Demographics
[edit]Template:US Census population Glenwood Springs is the principal city of the Glenwood Springs, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
As of the census<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> of 2000, there were 7,736 people, 3,216 households, and 1,926 families residing in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 3,353 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 90.42% White, 0.23% African American, 0.71% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 5.82% from other races, and 1.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 13.3% of the population. 13.9% were of German, 13.3% English, 12.9% Irish, 7.6% American and 7% Italian ancestry according to Census 2000.
There were 3,216 households, out of which 30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.1% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $43,934, and the median income for a family was $52,903. Males had a median income of $38,506 versus $29,272 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,449. About 3.5% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.
Despite being an expensive area in which to live, Glenwood Springs has the highest life expectancy in America for 40-year-olds making working wages.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Clear
Economy
[edit]Glenwood does not primarily serve as a bedroom community. In 2020, it received stimulus money.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Due to severe geographic constraints,<ref name="glenwood-springs.co.us"/> if further population growth is to be accommodated, it must come primarily from multifamily infill development.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Bloomberg Business named Glenwood Springs the seventh wealthiest small town in America in 2015,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> due principally to the influence of Aspen.Template:Citation needed Glenwood Springs and Aspen share a micropolitan statistical area, and businesses often serve the entire Valley. Many small businesses start in the area due to the ambient wealth and a strong preference for local business, but they typically relocate to larger metropolitan areas after successful growth leads to needs for more affordable labor and physical resources.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
A ranch located in Glenwood Springs produces Red Delicious apples.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Top Employers
[edit]As of the city's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, Glenwood Springs' top employers are:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
| # | Employer | Employee Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Valley View Hospital | 1,000 - 1,250 |
| 2 | Lowe's Home Improvement | 250 - 499 |
| 3 | Walmart | 250 - 499 |
| 4 | City Market | 250 - 499 |
| 5 | Colorado Mountain College | 250 - 499 |
| 6 | Target | 250 - 499 |
| 7 | Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park | 100 - 249 |
| 8 | Glenwood Hot Springs Resort | 100 - 249 |
| 9 | Roaring Fork School District RE-1 | 100 - 249 |
| 10 | City of Glenwood Springs | 100 - 249 |
Arts and culture
[edit]Strawberry Days Festival, founded in 1898, is Colorado's oldest festival, and the oldest continuously held civic celebration west of the Mississippi River.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Parks and recreation
[edit]Hot springs
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There are numerous hot springs in the area, including several facilities in town that range from Template:Convert with varying mineral content.<ref name="Rockwell">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="SUDrum" /> Native Americans believe the springs had medicinal and magical qualities, and prior to 1800, the Utes believed the springs were sacred.<ref name="NPS/BLM">Template:Cite web</ref>
Yampah Hot Springs vapor caves are underground geothermal steam baths, historically used by the Ute people as a source of rejuvenation and healing.<ref name="APR-ute">Template:Cite news</ref> The vapor caves consist of three connecting rock chambers, and temperatures average Template:Convert.Template:Citation needed
Iron Mountain Hot Springs features mineral water soaking pools.<ref name="AT">Template:Cite news</ref>
Water sports
[edit]Glenwood Springs is noted for its fishing.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> There is a dedicated Glenwood Whitewater Park.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Bike trails
[edit]Two bike trails end at Glenwood.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Glenwood Canyon Recreational Trail<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> winds Template:Convert through Glenwood Canyon. The Rio Grande Trail<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> runs roughly Template:Convert along the former local Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad, to Aspen.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Glenwood Caverns
[edit]Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park is an amusement park located near Glenwood Springs.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Glenwood Vaudeville Revue
[edit]The Glenwood Vaudeville Revue, founded in 2009, performs a dinner theater show in a renovated downtown movie theater.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Education
[edit]K-12 education
[edit]Public education is administered by Roaring Fork Schools. Schools located in Glenwood Springs include:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Glenwood Springs Elementary School
- Sopris Elementary School
- Riverview School
- Glenwood Springs Middle School
- Glenwood Springs High School
St. Stephen Catholic School offers an elementary and middle school curriculum.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Also located in Glenwood Springs is Yampah Mountain School, which offers alternative education.
Higher education
[edit]Colorado Mountain College maintains two campuses in Glenwood Springs: a commuter campus in downtown Glenwood Springs, and the Spring Valley residential campus just south of the city.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The University of Denver maintains its Western Colorado Master of Social Work program in Glenwood Springs. This program specifically focuses on training students to be social workers in rural communities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Media
[edit]Glenwood Springs' principal news source is the Post Independent,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a local daily newspaper created by the merger of the Glenwood Post, with a history stretching back in various forms to 1889,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and a newer competitor, the Glenwood Independent. It has received numerous awards over the years,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> including the 2016 American Society of News Editors' Osborne Award for Editorial Leadership.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The newspaper and many of its reporters have been recognized by the Colorado Associated Press for a variety of distinctions.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
KMTS<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> provides local country radio along the Colorado River, and KSNO-FM<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> serves the Roaring Fork Valley.
The town is also served by local television KREG-TV, alongside K42EV-D, a repeater of Grand Junction ABC affiliate KJCT-LP and K32NO-D, a repeater of Rocky Mountain PBS.
Infrastructure
[edit]Transportation
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Amtrak and other rail
[edit]Amtrak's California Zephyr, operating daily in both directions between Chicago and Emeryville, California, serves Glenwood Springs, the second busiest station in Colorado, behind only Denver's Union Station.<ref name="amtrakCO">Template:Cite web</ref> The first commercially successful dome cars were built for the Zephyr family, inspired by Glenwood Canyon.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Starting in August 2021, the Canada-based luxury rail excursion company Rocky Mountaineer has provided direct passenger rail service between Moab, Utah and Denver, Colorado (with an overnight stop in Glenwood Springs, Colorado) on its Rockies to the Red Rocks route.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The local transportation authority is Roaring Fork Transportation Authority (RFTA, pronounced "rafta"). RFTA retains ownership of the land previously used for rail traffic to Aspen,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a source of occasional consternation in balancing development needs.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Proposals to introduce light rail to the valley remain unrealized<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but were not found economically feasible.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> VelociRFTA service described below currently serves that role,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but RFTA remains committed to realizing the light-rail vision.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Bus
[edit]RFTA provides bus transit in Glenwood Springs and throughout the Roaring Fork Valley. VelociRFTA (pronounced "Veloci-rafta", a pun on velociraptor) BRT service, the first rural BRT in the United States, began in September 2013, offering connections between south Glenwood Springs and Aspen roughly every 15 minutes with a 60-minute total travel time. Timetables vary by season, with different frequencies offered during spring, summer, autumn, and winter, to accommodate shifting seasonal demands.<ref name="RTS">Template:Cite web</ref>
The city also operates an intracity bus service, Ride Glenwood.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Ride Glenwood offers a main route from the west side of town along the 6&24 corridor, through downtown, to the south part of Glenwood along Hwy 82.
Greyhound Lines stops in Glenwood Springs on trips between New York City and Las Vegas twice per day.<ref name="RTS" />
Bus service is provided twice daily by Bustang and runs from Glenwood Springs to both Grand Junction and Denver.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="RTS" />
Automobile
[edit]Glenwood Springs lies along I-70 at exit 116 (main exit), about Template:Convert west of Denver and Template:Convert east of Grand Junction. I-70 is one of the main east–west routes through the Rocky Mountains. Colorado State Highway 82 leads southeast from Glenwood Springs up the Roaring Fork Valley Template:Convert to Carbondale and Template:Convert to Aspen.
Airport
[edit]Glenwood Springs Airport is a municipal airport built in the early 1940s.
Notable people
[edit]- Louis Alterie (1886–1935), Chicago gangster involved in a gang shootout in Glenwood Springs in 1932
- Brady Corbet (born 1988), director and actor
- Alice McKennis Duran (born 1989), skier
- Jeanne Golay (born 1962), bike racer, 2-time Olympian and gold medalist at the 1992 World Team Time Trial championships in Benidorm, Spain
- Sacha Gros (born 1974), alpine skier
- Justin Hocking (born 1973), writer
- Doc Holliday (1851–1887), Wild West gunfighter, gambler, and dentist
- Jeremy Hubbard (born 1972), news anchor
- James Irwin (1930–1991), U.S. Air Force colonel and NASA astronaut; the eighth man to walk on the Moon
- Elizabeth Jaranyi (1918–1998), Holocaust survivor
- Jack P. Juhan (1904–2002), U.S. Marine Corps major general, served in World War II and Korean War
- Bobby Julich (born 1971), bike racer and silver medalist at the 2004 Athens Olympics
- Benjamin Kunkel (born 1972), novelist and political economist
- Harvey Logan (1867–1904), Wild West outlaw and gunman
- Berenice Mallory (1901–1997), home economist, educator, federal official
- Scott McInnis (born 1953), former U.S. congressman from Colorado
- Blake Paul Neubert (born 1981), painter
- Clifford C. Parks (1860–1937), politician
- Sarah Schleper (born 1979), alpine skier
- Edward T. Taylor (1858–1941), politician
- Ledyard Tucker (1910–2004), mathematician
- John D. Vanderhoof (1922–2013), 37th governor of Colorado
- Francis Whitaker (1906–1999), blacksmith
See also
[edit]- Bibliography of Colorado
- Geography of Colorado
- History of Colorado
- Index of Colorado-related articles
List of Colorado-related lists
References
[edit]External links
[edit]Template:Roaring Fork Valley Template:Garfield County, Colorado Template:Colorado Template:Colorado county seats Template:Authority control
- Pages with broken file links
- Glenwood Springs, Colorado
- 1883 establishments in Colorado
- 1885 establishments in Colorado
- Cities in Colorado
- Cities in Garfield County, Colorado
- County seats in Colorado
- Hot springs of Colorado
- Populated places established in 1883
- Roaring Fork Valley
- Spa towns in the United States