Geography of Malta
Template:GeoGroupTemplate:Infobox country geography
The geography of Malta is dominated by water. Malta is an archipelago of coralline limestone, located in Europe, in the Mediterranean Sea, 81 kilometres south of Sicily, Italy,<ref name="GMaps">From Żebbuġ in Malta, coordinates: 36°04'48.2"N 14°15'06.7"E to Cava d'Aliga (Scicli) in Italy, coordinates: 36°43'22.5"N 14°41'10.9"E – Google Maps</ref> and nearly 300 km north (Libya) and northeast (Tunisia) of Africa. Although Malta is situated in Southern Europe, it is located farther south than Tunis, capital of Tunisia, Algiers, capital of Algeria, Tangier in Morocco and also Aleppo in Syria, and Mosul in Iraq in the Middle East. Only the three largest islands – Malta, Gozo and Comino – are inhabited. Other (uninhabited) islands are: Cominotto, Filfla and the St. Paul's Islands. The country is approximately Template:Convert in area. Numerous bays along the indented coastline of the islands provide harbours. The landscape of the islands is characterised by high hills with terraced fields. The highest point, at 253 metres, Ta' Zuta on mainland Malta. The capital is Valletta.
Statistics
[edit]Malta has a total area of 315.718 km2,<ref name="SOER">State of the Environment Report for Malta 1998 Template:Webarchive</ref> with land making up 315.718 km2 and water taking up zero area. Compared to other political entities, this makes Malta:
- (Australia) slightly less than one-seventh the Australian Capital Territory's size;
- (Canada) roughly one-eighteenth Prince Edward Island's size;
- (UK) slightly smaller than the Isle of Wight;
- (US) slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC.
Excluding 56 km from the island of Gozo, Malta has a coastline of 196.8 km. Its maritime claims of territorial sea are Template:Convert, contiguous zone is Template:Convert, continental shelf is 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation, and Malta's exclusive fishing zone spans Template:Convert.
Islands
[edit]| Name | Area | Note/ coordinates |
Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Malta Island | 246 km2<ref name="SOER" /> | Template:Coord<ref name=Geo>Template:Cite web</ref> | File:Malta ali 2009224 lrg.jpg |
| Gozo (Għawdex) |
67.1 km2<ref name="SOER"/> | Template:Coord<ref name=Geo /> | File:Gozo from space via laser ESA378503.jpg |
| Comino (Kemmuna) |
2.8 km2<ref name="SOER"/> | Template:Coord<ref name=Geo /> | File:Sudika Kemmuna.jpg |
| Manoel Island (Il-Gżira Manoel) |
0.3 km2 | Template:Coord | File:Aerial view of Manoel Island.jpg |
| St Paul's Islands (Il-Gżejjer ta' San Pawl) |
0.101 km2<ref name="SOER"/> | Template:Coord | File:Selmunett Island.jpg |
| Cominotto (Kemmunett) |
0.099 km2<ref name="S&S"/> | Template:Coord<ref name=Geo /> | File:Malta - Ghajnsielem - Cominotto + Blue Lagoon (Comino) 03 ies.jpg |
| Filfla (and Filfoletta) | 0.020 km2<ref name="SOER"/> | Template:Coord | File:Filfla 1.jpg |
| Fungus Rock (Il-Ġebla tal-Ġeneral) |
0.007 km2<ref name="SOER"/> | Template:Coord<ref name=Geo /> | File:Fungus rock.JPG |
| Ħalfa Rock (Il-Ġebla tal-Ħalfa) |
0.0050 km2<ref name="mepa.org">Il-Gebla tal-Halfa Template:Webarchive - Malta Environment & Planning Authority (MEPA)</ref><ref name="EUNIS">Site factsheet for Il-Gebla tal-Halfa - EUNIS</ref> | Template:Coord<ref name=Geo /> Situated near Gozo. In the island there is 4 to 5 metres deep water rock pool just 2 metres above sea level, possibly man made due to its perfectly round shape. There is also an underground fresh water system which emerges from a small cave. Most of the plants occurs on the western part of the island. Crucianella rupestris, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Lygeum spartum, Convolvulus oleifolius, Thymbra capitata, Teucrium fruticans, Allium melitense, Anacamptis urvilleana, Bromus madritensis, Capparis spinosa, Echium parviflorum, Pallenis spinosa, Plantago lagopus, Trachynia distachya, Urginea pancration.<ref name="S&S"/> | File:Gebla tal Halfa1.jpg |
| Old Battery's Rock (Ġebla ta' taħt il-Batterija) |
Situated on the southeast of Comino. Flora consisted of 22 individuals of Inula crithmoides (2010).<ref name="S&S"/> | ||
| Lantern Point Rock (Ġebla Tal-Ponta Rqiqa) |
Situated near Comino.<ref name="S&S">"Topography and Flora of the Satellite islets surrounding the Maltese Archipelago" - Arnold Sciberras, Jeffrey Sciberras, 2010</ref> Live here two species of plants: Limonium melitense and Inula crithmoides. It has a height of 7 meters.<ref>"A contribution to the knowledge of the terrestrial Mammalian fauna of Comino and its satellite islets (Maltese Archipelago)" - Biodiversity Journal, 2012, 3 (3): 191-200</ref> | File:Malta - Ghajnsielem - Lantern Point Rock (Comino) 01 ies.jpg | |
| Large Blue Lagoon Rock | In island, there is a cave. Species of plants: Hypericium aegypticum, Daucus carota, Convolvulus oleifolius, Darniella melitensis, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Senecio bicolor.<ref name="S&S"/> | File:View-Gozo-DSC 0156.jpg | |
| Small Blue Lagoon Rocks | Situated between Large Blue Lagoon and Cominotto. Species of plants: Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Daucus carota, Lygeum spartum, Lavatera arborea.<ref name="S&S"/> | File:Malta - Ghajnsielem - Small Blue Lagoon Rock (Comino) 01 ies.jpg | |
| Devil's End Rock (Il-Ġebla tax-Xifer l-Infern)<ref name="S&S"/> |
Situated near main island, Delimara point. | File:Delimara Point Nov 2014 03.JPG | |
| Għallis Rocks<ref name="S&S"/> | Template:Coord<ref name=Geo /> | File:Malta - Naxxar - Ghallis Rocks 01 ies.jpg | |
| Taċ-Ċawl Rock (Il-Ġebla taċ-Ċawl) |
Template:Coord<ref name=Geo /> Situated near Gozo. The flora consisted of Lygeum spartum, Asphodelus aestivus, Crithmum maritimum, Cichorium spinosum, Crucianella rupestrisis, Opuntia, Thymbra capitata, Euphorbia melitensis, Foeniculum vulgare, Allium commutatum, Allium lajoconoi, Bromus madritensis, Capparis spinosa, Gynandriris sisirynchium, Pistacia lentiscus, Phagnalon graceum, Sedum litoreum, Sonchus tenerrimus, Trachynia distachya, Valantia muralis.<ref name="S&S"/> | ||
| Cheirolophus Rock (Ħaġra tas-Sajjetta) |
Situated near main island. It has a height of 9 to 12 meters high at its highest point. Species of plants: Darniella melitensis, Crithmum maritimum, Cheirolophus crassifolius, Inula crithmoides, Limonium virgatum, Daucus carota, Cheirolophus crassifolius.<ref name="S&S"/> | ||
| Barbaganni Rock | Situated near Gozo. No soil exists on the islet because island is inundated by water wave action during rough weather. The flora consisted of only 14 individuals of Inula crithmoides (2010).<ref name="S&S"/> | ||
| Crocodile Rock & Bear rocks (Il-Ġebla tal-Baqra u il-Ġebel tal-Orsijiet) |
Near Gozo, three rocks in total.<ref name="S&S"/> | ||
| Qawra Point (Ta' Fra Ben islet, Il-Ponta jew Ras il- Qawra) |
Situated near main island. The western part is littered with small boulders, while much of the vegetation occurs in the middle part of the islet. In island there is sea cave occurs as a big hole in the middle of the islet. Species of plants: Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Anthemis urvilleana, Inula crithmoides, Lotus cystisoides, Limonium, Sporbolus pungens.<ref name="S&S"/> | File:Malta - St. Paul's Bay - Triq it-Trunciera - Ras il-Qawra + peninsula 02 ies.jpg | |
| Comino Cliff Face Rock (Ta' Taħt il-Mazz Rock) |
Situated near Comino. The island is very steep - cliffs. The majority of species of plants occur on its west side, while only one species of plant inhabits its east side. Species of plants: Matthiola incana, Inula crithmoides, Darniella melitensis, Daucus carota, Limonium melitensis, Anthyllis hermanniae, Pistacia lentiscus.<ref name="S&S"/> | ||
| Xrobb l-Għaġin Rock (It-Taqtiegħa)<ref name="S&S"/> |
|||
| Fessej Rock (Il-Ġebla tal-Fessej)<ref name="S&S"/><ref name="caruana">Template:Cite journal</ref> |
File:Islet as viewed by the Mgarr ix-Xini Tower.jpeg | ||
| Għemieri Rocks (L-iskolli tal-Għemieri)<ref name="S&S"/> |
|||
| Ħnejja Rocks (Ġebel tal-Ħnejja)<ref name="S&S"/> |
|||
| White Rock / Blue Islets (Rocks) (Ġebla tal-Għar Qawqla)<ref name="S&S"/> |
Template:Coord | File:Marsalforn Rock Formation.jpg |
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Climate
[edit]Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers.
Elevation extremes
[edit]The lowest point is the Mediterranean Sea at 0 m and the highest point is Ta' Dmejrek at 253 m.
Geology
[edit]Template:Main The Geology of Malta consists of a sequence of sedimentary rocks of late Oligocene to late Miocene age cut through by a set of extensional faults of Pliocene age.<ref name="ChrisDetal_1993">Template:Cite journal</ref> The sequence is divided into five formations, from the oldest, the Lower Coralline Limestone, followed by the Globigerina Limestone, the Blue Clay and the youngest unit, the Upper Coralline Limestone.<ref name="CSD">Template:Cite web</ref>
Land use
[edit]- Arable land: 28.12%
- Permanent crops: 4.06%
- Other: 67.81% (2011)
Irrigated land
[edit]32 km2 (2007)
Total renewable water resources
[edit].jpg){kind=link}
0.05 km3 (2011)
Environment
[edit]Current issues
[edit]Limited natural fresh water resources; increasing reliance on desalination.
International Agreements
[edit]- Party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:
References
[edit]Template:Reflist Template:CIA World Factbook
Template:Malta Islands Template:Malta topics Template:Geography of Europe Template:Islands of Europe