Diana Wynne Jones
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Diana Wynne Jones (16 August 1934 – 26 March 2011)<ref name=guardian /> was a British novelist, poet, academic, literary critic, and short story writer. She principally wrote fantasy and speculative fiction novels for children and young adults. Although usually described as fantasy, some of her work also incorporates science fiction themes and elements of realism. Jones's work often explores themes of time travel and parallel or multiple universes. Some of her better-known works are the Chrestomanci series, the Dalemark series, the three Moving Castle novels, Dark Lord of Derkholm, and The Tough Guide to Fantasyland.
Jones has been cited as an inspiration and muse for several fantasy and science fiction authors including Philip Pullman, Terry Pratchett, Penelope Lively, Robin McKinley, Dina Rabinovitch, Megan Whalen Turner, J.K. Rowling and Neil Gaiman, with Gaiman describing her as "quite simply the best writer for children of her generation".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Her work has been nominated for several awards. She was twice a finalist for the Hugo Award, nominated fourteen times for the Locus Award, seven times for the Mythopoeic Award (which she won twice), twice for a British Fantasy Award (won in 1999), and twice for a World Fantasy Award, which she won in 2007.
Early life and marriage
[edit]Jones was born in London, the daughter of Marjorie (née Jackson) and Richard Aneurin Jones, both of whom were teachers.<ref name=independent /> When war was announced, shortly after her fifth birthday, she was evacuated to Pontarddulais in Wales where her grandfather was a minister at a chapel. She did not live long in Wales due to a family dispute,<ref>Reflections By Diana Wynne Jones – 2012</ref> and thereafter moved several times, including periods in the Lake District, in York, and back to London. In 1943 her family finally settled in Thaxted, Essex, where her parents worked running an educational conference centre.<ref name=independent>Template:Cite news</ref> There, Jones and her two younger sisters Isobel (later Professor Isobel Armstrong, the literary critic) and Ursula (later an actress and a children's writer) spent a childhood left chiefly to their own devices.
After attending Friends' School, Saffron Walden, she studied English at St Anne's College, Oxford, where she attended lectures by both C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien before graduating in 1956.<ref name=parsons>Template:Cite web</ref> In the same year she married John Burrow, a prominent scholar of medieval literature, with whom she had three sons, Richard, Michael and Colin. After a brief period in London, in 1957 the couple returned to Oxford, where they stayed until moving to Bristol in 1976.<ref name=independent />
Career
[edit]Template:Quote box Jones started writing during the mid-1960s "mostly to keep [her] sanity", when the youngest of her three children was about two years old and the family lived in a house owned by an Oxford college. Besides the children, she felt harried by the crises of adults in the household: a sick husband, a mother-in-law, a sister, and a friend with daughter.<ref name=changeover /> Her first book was a novel for adults published by Macmillan in 1970, entitled Changeover. It originated as the British Empire was divesting colonies; she recalled in 2004 that it had "seemed like every month, we would hear that yet another small island or tiny country had been granted independence."<ref name=changeover /> Changeover is set in a fictional African colony during transition, and what begins as a memo about the problem of how to "mark changeover" ceremonially is misunderstood to be about the threat of a terrorist named Mark Changeover. It is a farce with a large cast of characters, featuring government, police, and army bureaucracies; sex, politics, and news. In 1965, when Rhodesia declared independence unilaterally (one of the last colonies and not tiny), "I felt as if the book were coming true as I wrote it."<ref name=changeover>Jones, D. W. (2004). "Introduction: The Origins of Changeover". Changeover [1970]. London: Moondust Books. Template:ISBN.</ref>
The Harry Potter books are frequently compared to the works of Diana Wynne Jones. Many of her earlier children's books were out of print in recent years, but have now been re-issued for the young audience whose interest in fantasy and reading was spurred by Harry Potter.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>de Lint, Charles (January 2000). "Books To Look For". Fantasy & Science Fiction. January 2000.
Reprint Template:Webarchive at SFsite.com retrieved 2014-12-18.</ref>
Jones's works are also compared to those of Robin McKinley and Neil Gaiman. She was friends with both McKinley<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Gaiman, and Jones and Gaiman were fans of each other's work; she dedicated her 1993 novel Hexwood to him after something he said in conversation inspired a key part of the plot.<ref>Gaiman, Neil [date unknown]. [Title unknown]. The Magian Line 2.2. Refrain: "But I've got a copy of Hexwood, dedicated to me by Diana Wynne Jones". Hexwood was published in 1993.
Reprint Template:Webarchive as "Neil's Thankyou pome" at Chrestomanci Castle retrieved 2014-12-18.</ref> Gaiman had already dedicated his 1991 four-part comic book mini-series The Books of Magic to "four witches", of whom Jones was one.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
For Charmed Life, the first Chrestomanci novel, Jones won the 1978 Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, a once-in-a-lifetime award by The Guardian newspaper that is judged by a panel of children's writers.<ref name=relaunch /> Three times she was a commended runner-upTemplate:Efn for the Carnegie Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book: for Dogsbody (1975), Charmed Life (1977), and the fourth Chrestomanci book The Lives of Christopher Chant (1988).<ref name=ccsu /> She won the Mythopoeic Fantasy Award, children's section, in 1996 for The Crown of Dalemark (concluding that series) and in 1999 for Dark Lord of Derkholm; in four other years she was a finalist for the annual literary award by the Mythopoeic Society.<ref name="SFawards-dwjones" />Template:Efn
The 1986 novel Howl's Moving Castle was inspired by a boy at a school she was visiting, who asked her to write a book called The Moving Castle.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It was published first by Greenwillow in the U.S., where it was a runner-up for the annual Boston Globe–Horn Book Award in children's fiction.<ref name=bghb /> In 2004, Hayao Miyazaki made the Japanese-language animated movie Howl's Moving Castle, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A version dubbed in English was released in the UK and US in 2005, with the voice of Howl performed by Christian Bale.<ref>"Howl's Moving Castle (2004): Full Cast & Crew" Template:Webarchive. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 10 December 2014.</ref> Next year Jones and the novel won the annual Phoenix Award from the Children's Literature Association, recognising the best children's book published twenty years earlier that did not win a major award (named for mythical bird phoenix to suggest the book's rise from obscurity).<ref name=phoenix />
Fire and Hemlock had been the 2005 Phoenix runner-up.<ref name=phoenix /> It is a novel based on Scottish ballads, and was a Mythopoeic Fantasy finalist in its own time.Template:Efn
Archer's Goon (1984) was a runner-up for that year's Horn Book Award.<ref name=bghb /> It was adapted for television in 1992.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> One Jones fansite believes it to be "the only tv adaptation (so far) of one of Diana's books".<ref>Home page Template:Webarchive, "More Stuff" in the right margin. The Diana Wynne Jones Fansite. Retrieved 18 December 2014.</ref>
Jones's book on clichés in fantasy fiction, The Tough Guide To Fantasyland (nonfiction), has a cult following among writers and critics, despite initially being difficult to find due to an erratic printing history. It was reissued in the UK, and has been reissued in the United States in 2006 by Firebird Books. The Firebird edition has additional material and a completely new design, including a new map.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The British Fantasy Society recognised her significant impact on fantasy with its Karl Edward Wagner Award in 1999.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> She received an honorary D.Litt from the University of Bristol in July 2006<ref>"Honorary graduates" (1995–present) Template:Webarchive. Public and Ceremonial Events Office. University of Bristol (bristol.ac.uk). Retrieved 18 December 2014.</ref> and the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement in 2007.<ref name="SFawards-dwjones" />
In August 2014, Google commemorated Jones with a Google Doodle created by Google artist Sophie Diao.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Illness and death
[edit]Jones was diagnosed with lung cancer in the early summer of 2009.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She underwent surgery in July and reported to friends that the procedure had been successful.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> However, in June 2010 she announced that she would be discontinuing chemotherapy because it only made her feel ill.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She died on 26 March 2011 from the disease.<ref name=guardian />
The story in progress when she became too ill to write, The Islands of Chaldea, was completed by her sister Ursula Jones in 2014.<ref name=chaldea /> Interviewed by The Guardian in June 2013 after she finished the Chaldea story, Ursula Jones said that "other things were coming to light ... She left behind a mass of stuff,"<ref name=chaldea /> but no further new works were published.
Works
[edit]Selected awards and honours
[edit]Jones has been nominated for and also won multiple awards for her various works.
Explanatory notes
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]Additional works cited
[edit]- Template:Anchor Template:Cite web
- Template:Anchor Template:Cite web Formerly The Official Diana Wynne Jones Fansite.
Further reading
[edit]External links
[edit]- Template:Isfdb name
- The Diana Wynne Jones fansite—fan-operated but approved by Jones who also participated
- "Diana Wynne Jones", entry in The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
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- Diana Wynne Jones at SciFan
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- "Wrestling with an Angel" (2003), based on an interview with BBC Bristol
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Template:World Fantasy Award Life Achievement Template:Diana Wynne Jones Template:Authority control
- 1934 births
- 2011 deaths
- 20th-century English short story writers
- 20th-century English novelists
- 20th-century English women writers
- Alumni of St Anne's College, Oxford
- English women short story writers
- British parodists
- Parody novelists
- British writers of young adult literature
- Deaths from lung cancer in England
- English atheists
- English children's writers
- English fantasy writers
- English women novelists
- English people of Welsh descent
- Guardian Children's Fiction Prize winners
- People educated at Friends School Saffron Walden
- People from Thaxted
- English women science fiction and fantasy writers
- British women writers of young adult literature
- World Fantasy Award–winning writers
- Muses (persons)