Demographics of Romania
Template:Short description Template:Infobox place demographics Demographic features of the population of Romania include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.
About 89.3% of the people of Romania are ethnic Romanians (as per 2021 census), whose native language, Romanian, is an Eastern Romance language, descended from Latin (more specifically from Vulgar Latin) with some Slavic, French, Turkish, German, Hungarian, Greek and Italian borrowings.
Romanians are by far the most numerous group of speakers of an Eastern Romance language today. It has been said that they constitute "an island of Latinity"<ref>See, for example, Fabio Bordignon, "Italian Decentralisation in Romania", SEF 2003, Warsaw. Abstract available online. Template:Webarchive</ref> in Eastern Europe, surrounded on all sides either by Slavic peoples (namely South Slavic and East Slavic peoples) or by the Hungarians. The Hungarian minority in Romania constitutes the country's largest minority, or as much as 6.0 per cent of the entire population.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> With a population of about 19,054,267 people in 2022, Romania received 989,357 Ukrainian refugees on 27 May 2022, according to the United Nations (UN).<ref name="auto">Template:Cite web</ref>
The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine that began on 24 February 2022 triggered a major refugee crisis in Europe.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In connection with the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, as part of the Russian-Ukrainian war, by 15 May 2022, more than 6,223,821 Ukrainian refugees left the territory of Ukraine, moving to the countries closest to the west of Ukraine, of which more than 919,574 people fled to neighbouring Romania.<ref name="auto"/>
Population evolution
[edit]Template:Main Template:See also
Romania's population has declined steadily in recent decades, from a peak of 23.2 million in 1990 to 19.12 million in 2021.<ref name="ziare">Template:Cite web</ref> Among the causes of population decline are high mortality, a low fertility rate since 1990, and tremendous levels of emigration.<ref name="ziare" />
In 1990, Romania's population was estimated to be 23.21 million inhabitants.<ref name="WPP">Template:Cite report</ref> For the entire period 1990–2006, the estimated population loss tops 1.5 million,<ref name="WPP"/> but it is likely to be higher, given the explosion of migration for work after 2001 and the tendency of some migrants to settle permanently in the countries where they live.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Sources give varied estimates for Romania's historical population. The National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics (NIRDI) gives the following numbers (the figure for 2020 was provided by the National Institute of Statistics – INS): <timeline> Colors=
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Template:GraphChart <ref>Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.</ref>
Ethnic groups
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Slightly more than 10% of the population of Romania is formed of minorities in Romania. The principal minorities are Hungarians and Roma, although other smaller ethnic groups exist too. Before World War II, minorities represented more than 28% of the total population. During the war that percentage was halved, largely by the loss of the border areas of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina (to the former Soviet Union, now Moldova and Ukraine) and southern Dobrudja (to Bulgaria). Two-thirds of the ethnic German population either left or were deported after World War II, a period that was followed by decades of relatively regular (by communist standards) migration. During the interwar period in Romania, the total number of ethnic Germans amounted to as much as 786,000 (according to some sources and estimates dating to 1939),<ref>Dr. Gerhard Reichning, Die deutschen Vertriebenen in Zahlen, Teil 1, Bonn 1995, Page 17</ref><ref>Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. Bevölkerungsbilanzen für die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50. Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt – Wiesbaden. – Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag, 1958 Page 46</ref> a figure which had subsequently fallen to circa 36,000 as of 2011 in contemporary Romania. One reason for the decline of Romanian Germans is that after the Romanian Revolution there has been a mass migration of Transylvania Saxons to Germany, in what was referred by British daily newspaper Guardian to as 'the most astonishing, and little reported, ethnic migration in modern Europe'.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Of a total population of three quarter million Jews before World War II, about a third were killed during the Holocaust.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Mass emigration, mostly to Israel and United States, has reduced the surviving Jewish community to less than 6,000 in 2002 (it is estimated that the real numbers could be 3–4 times higher).<ref>Template:Usurped, B'nai B'rith International and Federația Comunitatii Evreiesti din România. Accessed online 4 December 2006</ref>
Hungarians (Magyars; see Hungarians in Romania, especially in Harghita, Covasna, and Mureș counties) and Roma (see Romani people in Romania) are the principal minorities, with a declining German population (Banat Swabians in Timiș; Transylvanian Saxons in Sibiu, Brașov and elsewhere), and smaller numbers of Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Croats, and Banat Bulgarians (in Banat), Ukrainians (especially in Maramureș and Bukovina), Greeks of Romania (especially in Brăila and Constanța), Turks and Tatars (mainly in Constanța), Armenians, Russians (Lipovans, Old Believers in Tulcea), Jews and others. Since the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Bucharest and other cities have again become increasingly cosmopolitan, including identifiable presences from outside the EU (Chinese, Turks, Moldovans, Syrians, Iraqis, Africans) as well as from the EU (French, Italians, Germans, British, Greeks).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In Romania, there are also guest workers from countries such as Vietnam and Nepal.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Minority populations are greatest in Transylvania and the Banat, areas in the north and west of the country, which were part of the Kingdom of Hungary (after 1867 the Austria-Hungary) until the end of World War I. Even before the union with Romania, ethnic Romanians comprised the overall majority in Transylvania. However, ethnic Hungarians and Germans were the dominant urban population until relatively recently, while Hungarians still constitute the majority in Harghita and Covasna counties.
The Roma constitute one of Romania's largest minorities. According to the 2011 Romanian census, they number 621,573 people or 3.08% of the total population, being the second-largest ethnic minority in Romania after Hungarians,<ref name="CensusRef">Template:Cite web</ref> with significant populations in Mureș (8.9%) and Călărași (7,47%) counties. There are different estimates about the size of the total population of people with Roma ancestry in Romania because a lot of people of Roma descent do not declare themselves as Roma. The number of the Roma is usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5–11% of Romania's population.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
After Hungarians and the Roma, Ukrainians of Romania are the third-largest minority. According to the 2011 Romanian census they number 51,703 people, making up 0.3% of the total population.<ref name="insse3">Template:In lang "Comunicat de presă privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensământului Populației și Locuințelor – 2011" Template:Webarchive, at the 2011 census site; accessed February 2, 2012.</ref> Ukrainians mainly live in northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border. Over 60% of all Romanian Ukrainians live in Maramureș County (where they make up 6.77% of the population).
Censuses in Romania
[edit]| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1859–60 | 3,864,848<ref name="Leonida Colescu"></ref>−4,424,961<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> |
| 1884 | 4,648,123 |
| 1889 | 5,038,342 |
| 1894 | 5,406,249 |
| 1899 | 5,956,690 |
| Ethnicity | Number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians | 92.15 | |
| Hungarians | 1.82 | |
| Germans | 0.13 | |
| Austrians | – | |
| Russians | 0.08 | |
| Bulgarians | 0,13 | |
| Turks | 0.40 | |
| Serbs | 0.07 | |
| Greeks | 0.34 | |
| Italians | 0.15 | |
| Foreigners without protection | 4,68 | |
| Others | 0.00 | |
| Unknown | 0.00 | |
| Total | 5,956,690 |
| Ethnicity | Number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians | 93.47 | |
| Hungarians | 0.96 | |
| Germans | 0.11 | |
| Austrians | 0.63 | |
| Russians | 0.06 | |
| Bulgarians | 0.16 | |
| Turks | 0.47 | |
| Serbs | 0.06 | |
| Greeks | 0.24 | |
| Italians | 0.15 | |
| Foreigners without protection | 3.63 | |
| Others | 0.01 | |
| Unknown | 0.01 | |
| Total | 7,234,920 |
| Ethnicity | Number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians | 12,981,324 | 71.9 |
| Hungarians | 1,425,507 | 7.9 |
| Germans | 745,421 | 4.1 |
| Jews | 728,115 | 4.0 |
| Ruthenians and Ukrainians | 582,115 | 3.2 |
| Russians | 409,150 | 2.3 |
| Bulgarians | 366,384 | 2.0 |
| Roma (Gypsies) | 262,501 | 1.5 |
| Turks | 154,772 | 0.9 |
| Gagauzians | 105,750 | 0.6 |
| Czechs and Slovaks | 51,842 | 0.3 |
| Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | 51,062 | 0.3 |
| Poles | 48,310 | 0.3 |
| Greeks | 26,495 | 0.2 |
| Tatars | 22,141 | 0.1 |
| Armenians | 15,544 | <0.1 |
| Hutsuls | 12,456 | <0.1 |
| Albanians | 4,670 | <0.1 |
| Others | 56,355 | 0.3 |
| Undeclared | 7,114 | <0.1 |
| Total | 18,057,028 | 100.0 |
| Ethnic group |
census 19481 | census 19562 | census 19663 | census 19774 | census 19925 | census 20026 | census 20117 | census 20218 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | %* | Number | % | %* | |
| Romanians | 13,597,613 | 85.7 | 14,996,114 | 85.7 | 16,746,510 | 87.7 | 18,999,565 | 88.1 | 20,408,542 | 89.5 | 19,399,597 | 89.5 | 16,792,868 | 83.5 | 88.9 | 14,801,442 | 77.7 | 89.3 |
| Hungarians | 1,499,851 | 9.4 | 1,587,675 | 9.1 | 1,619,592 | 8.5 | 1,713,928 | 7.9 | 1,624,959 | 7.1 | 1,431,807 | 6.6 | 1,227,623 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 1,002,151 | 5.3 | 6.0 |
| Roma (Gypsies) | 53,425 | 0.3 | 104,216 | 0.6 | 64,197 | 0.3 | 227,398 | 1.05 | 401,087 | 1.8 | 535,140 | 2.5 | 621,573 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 569,477 | 3.0 | 3.4 |
| Ukrainians | 37,582 | 0.2 | 60,479 | 0.4 | 54,705 | 0.3 | 55,510 | 0.3 | 65,764 | 0.3 | 61,098 | 0.3 | 50,920 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 45,835 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Germans | 343,913 | 2.2 | 384,708 | 2.2 | 382,595 | 2.0 | 359,109 | 1.6 | 119,462 | 0.5 | 59,764 | 0.3 | 36,042 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 22,907 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Turks | 28,782 | 0.2 | 14,329 | 0.2 | 18,040 | 0.1 | 23,422 | 0.1 | 29,832 | 0.1 | 32,098 | 0.2 | 27,698 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 20,945 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Russians | 39,332 | 0.2 | 38,731 | 0.2 | 39,483 | 0.2 | 21,206 | 0.2 | 7,983 | 0.1 | 35,791 | 0.2 | 23,864 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 19,394 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Lipovans | 11,090 | 0.1 | 30,623 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Tatars | 23,369 | 0.1 | 24,596 | 0.1 | 18,156 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||||||||||
| Serbs | 45,447 | 0.3 | 46,517 | 0.3 | 44,236 | 0.3 | 34,429 | 0.2 | 29,408 | 0.1 | 22,561 | 0.1 | 18,076 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 12,026 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| Croats | 7,500 | 0.0 | 4,085 | 0.0 | 6,807 | 0.0 | 5,408 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4,842 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||
| Slovenes | 175 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||
| Slovaks | 35,143 | 0.2 | 23,331 | 0.2 | 22,151 | 0.1 | 21,286 | 0.1 | 19,594 | 0.1 | 17,226 | 0.2 | 13,654 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 10,232 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| Czechs | 11,821 | 0.0 | 9,978 | 0.0 | 7,683 | 0.0 | 5,797 | 0.0 | 3,941 | 0.0 | 2,477 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1,576 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Bulgarians | 13,408 | 0.1 | 12,040 | 0.1 | 11,193 | 0.1 | 10,372 | 0.0 | 9,851 | 0.1 | 8,025 | 0.0 | 7,336 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5,975 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Greeks | 8,696 | 0.1 | 11,166 | 0.0 | 9,088 | 0.0 | 6,262 | 0.0 | 3,940 | 0.0 | 6,472 | 0.0 | 3,668 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2,086 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Jews | 138,795 | 0.9 | 146,264 | 0.8 | 42,888 | 0.2 | 24,667 | 0.1 | 8,955 | 0.0 | 5,785 | 0.0 | 3,271 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2,378 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Poles | 6,753 | 0.0 | 7,627 | 0.0 | 5,860 | 0.0 | 4,641 | 0.0 | 4,232 | 0.0 | 3,559 | 0.0 | 2,543 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2,137 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Armenians | 6,987 | 0.0 | 6,441 | 0.0 | 3,436 | 0.0 | 2,342 | 0.0 | 1,957 | 0.0 | 1,780 | 0.0 | 1,361 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1,213 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Macedonians | 1,176 | 0.0 | 6,867 | 0.0 | 731 | 0.0 | 1,264 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1,089 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||
| Csangos | 1,266 | 0.0 | 1,536 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||||||||||||
| Aromanians | 982 | 0.0 | 21,736 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Others | 15,897 | 0.1 | 17,522 | 0.1 | 6,990 | <0.1 | 5,731 | <0.1 | 9,368 | <0.1 | 28,303 | 0.1 | 23,741 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 25,028 | 0.2 | |
| Undeclared | 1,236,810 | 6.14 | 2,484,926 | 13.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 15,872,624 | 17,489,450 | 19,103,163 | 21,559,910 | 22,810,035 | 21,680,974 | 20,121,641 | 19,053,815 | ||||||||||
| 1 The results of the 1948 census are according to language. 2 Source:<ref name="autogenerated2">Template:Cite web</ref> 3 Source:<ref name="autogenerated2"/> 4 Source:<ref name="autogenerated2"/> 5 Source:<ref name="autogenerated2"/> 6 Source:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 7 Source:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 8 Source:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>%*: of those declared ethnicity | ||||||||||||||||||
Vital statistics
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Total Fertility Rate from 1850 to 1899
[edit]The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.<ref name="ourworldindata.org">Template:Citation</ref>
| Years | 1850 | 1851 | 1852 | 1853 | 1854 | 1855 | 1856 | 1857 | 1858 | 1859 | 1860<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/> |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Romania | 5.22 | 5.08 | 4.94 | 4.8 | 4.66 | 4.52 | 4.38 | 4.24 | 4.11 | 3.97 | 4.23 |
| Years | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 | 1870<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/> |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Romania | 4.29 | 4.29 | 4.07 | 4.82 | 4.64 | 4.19 | 4.25 | 4.48 | 4.56 | 4.61 |
| Years | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/> |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Romania | 4.49 | 4.29 | 4.36 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 4.96 | 4.74 | 4.22 | 4.97 | 5.05 |
| Years | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/> |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Romania | 5.56 | 5.41 | 5.74 | 5.55 | 5.78 | 5.65 | 5.49 | 5.68 | 5.44 | 5.16 |
| Years | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/> |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Romania | 5.67 | 5.23 | 5.43 | 5.48 | 5.67 | 5.45 | 5.75 | 4.92 | 5.63 |
Before WWI
[edit]| Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rates<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/> | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 6,050,000 | 235,000 | 146,000 | 89,000 | 38.8 | 24.2 | 14.7 | 5.20 |
| 1901 | 6,120,000 | 241,000 | 160,000 | 81,000 | 39.3 | 26.2 | 13.2 | 5.27 |
| 1902 | 6,210,000 | 242,000 | 172,000 | 70,000 | 39.0 | 27.7 | 11.3 | 5.23 |
| 1903 | 6,290,000 | 252,000 | 156,000 | 96,000 | 40.1 | 24.8 | 15.3 | 5.37 |
| 1904 | 6,390,000 | 256,000 | 156,000 | 100,000 | 40.1 | 24.4 | 15.6 | 5.37 |
| 1905 | 6,480,000 | 248,000 | 160,000 | 88,000 | 38.3 | 24.7 | 13.6 | 5.13 |
| 1906 | 6,570,000 | 262,000 | 157,000 | 105,000 | 39.9 | 23.9 | 16.0 | 5.35 |
| 1907 | 6,680,000 | 274,000 | 176,000 | 98,000 | 41.1 | 26.3 | 14.8 | 5.51 |
| 1908 | 6,770,000 | 273,000 | 185,000 | 88,000 | 40.3 | 27.4 | 13 | 5.40 |
| 1909 | 6,860,000 | 282,000 | 188,000 | 94,000 | 41.1 | 27.4 | 13.7 | 5.51 |
| 1910 | 6,970,000 | 274,000 | 173,000 | 101,000 | 39.3 | 24.8 | 14.5 | 5.27 |
| 1911 | 7,090,000 | 300,000 | 179,000 | 121,000 | 42.3 | 25.3 | 17.1 | 5.67 |
| 1912 | 7,240,000 | 314,000 | 166,000 | 148,000 | 43.4 | 22.9 | 20.4 | 5.82 |
| 1913 | 7,360,000 | 310,000 | 192,000 | 118,000 | 42.1 | 26.1 | 16.0 | 5.64 |
| 1914 | 7,770,000 | 327,000 | 183,000 | 144,000 | 42.1 | 23.5 | 18.5 | 5.64 |
| 1915 | 7,910,000 | 320,000 | 194,000 | 126,000 | 40.5 | 24.5 | 15.9 | 5.43 |
| Years | 1916 | 1917 | 1918<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/> |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Romania | 4.84 | 4.25 | 3.67 |
Between WWI and WWII
[edit]| Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rates<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/> | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | 15,920,000 | 366,000 | 328,000 | 38,000 | 23.0 | 20.6 | 2.4 | 3.08 |
| 1920 | 16,010,000 | 539,000 | 415,000 | 124,000 | 33.7 | 25.9 | 7.7 | 4.52 |
| 1921 | 16,240,000 | 620,000 | 372,000 | 248,000 | 38.2 | 22.9 | 15.3 | 5.12 |
| 1922 | 16,500,000 | 614,000 | 376,000 | 238,000 | 37.2 | 22.8 | 14.4 | 4.98 |
| 1923 | 16,770,000 | 609,000 | 372,000 | 237,000 | 36.4 | 22.1 | 14.4 | 4.88 |
| 1924 | 16,990,000 | 623,000 | 383,000 | 240,000 | 36.7 | 22.5 | 14.1 | 4.92 |
| 1925 | 17,190,000 | 606,000 | 362,000 | 244,000 | 35.2 | 21.1 | 14.1 | 4.72 |
| 1926 | 17,460,000 | 608,000 | 373,000 | 235,000 | 34.8 | 21.4 | 13.4 | 4.66 |
| 1927 | 17,690,000 | 603,000 | 393,000 | 210,000 | 34.1 | 22.2 | 11.9 | 4.57 |
| 1928 | 17,970,000 | 624,000 | 352,000 | 272,000 | 34.7 | 19.6 | 15.1 | 4.65 |
| 1929 | 17,640,000 | 601,000 | 378,000 | 223,000 | 34.1 | 21.4 | 12.6 | 4.57 |
| 1930 | 17,870,000 | 625,000 | 347,000 | 278,000 | 35.0 | 19.4 | 15.6 | 4.69 |
| 1931 | 18,190,000 | 605,000 | 379,000 | 226,000 | 33.3 | 20.8 | 12.4 | 4.46 |
| 1932 | 18,427,000 | 662,000 | 399,000 | 263,000 | 35.9 | 21.7 | 14.3 | 4.81 |
| 1933 | 18,653,000 | 598,000 | 348,000 | 250,000 | 32.1 | 18.7 | 13.4 | 4.30 |
| 1934 | 18,914,000 | 612,416 | 390,668 | 221,748 | 32.4 | 20.7 | 11.7 | 4.34 |
| 1935 | 19,088,000 | 585,503 | 402,720 | 182,783 | 30.7 | 21.1 | 9.6 | 4.11 |
| 1936 | 19,319,000 | 608,906 | 382,179 | 226,727 | 31.5 | 19.8 | 11.7 | 4.22 |
| 1937 | 19,535,000 | 601,310 | 377,954 | 223,356 | 30.8 | 19.3 | 11.4 | 4.13 |
| 1938 | 19,750,000 | 585,423 | 379,445 | 205,978 | 29.6 | 19.2 | 10.4 | 3.97 |
| 1939 | 19,934,000 | 563,817 | 370,348 | 193,469 | 28.3 | 18.6 | 9.7 | 3.79 |
| Years | 1940 | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 | 1945<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/> |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Romania | 3.55 | 3.08 | 2.87 | 3.14 | 2.91 | 2.63 |
After WWII
[edit]Main sources:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="ourworldindata.org"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Source: National Institute of Statistics<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
| Average population (July 1) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Crude migration change (per 1000) | Total fertility ratesTemplate:Refn | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 | 15,760,000 | 391,273 | 296,439 | 94,834 | 24.8 | 18.8 | 6.0 | 3.32 | |
| 1947 | 15,860,000 | 370,562 | 349,331 | 21,231 | 23.4 | 22.0 | 1.3 | 5.0 | 3.14 |
| 1948 | 15,893,000 | 379,868 | 248,238 | 131,630 | 23.9 | 15.6 | 8.3 | −6.2 | 3.20 |
| 1949 | 16,084,000 | 444,065 | 219,881 | 224,184 | 27.6 | 13.7 | 13.9 | −2.1 | 3.70 |
| 1950 | 16,311,000 | 426,820 | 202,010 | 224,810 | 26.2 | 12.4 | 13.8 | 0.1 | 3.14 |
| 1951 | 16,464,000 | 412,534 | 210,021 | 202,513 | 25.1 | 12.8 | 12.3 | −3.0 | 3.01 |
| 1952 | 16,630,000 | 413,217 | 195,287 | 217,930 | 24.8 | 11.7 | 13.1 | −3.2 | 2.97 |
| 1953 | 16,847,000 | 401,717 | 194,752 | 206,965 | 23.8 | 11.6 | 12.3 | 0.6 | 2.76 |
| 1954 | 17,040,000 | 422,346 | 195,091 | 227,255 | 24.8 | 11.4 | 13.3 | −2.0 | 2.98 |
| 1955 | 17,325,000 | 442,864 | 167,535 | 275,329 | 25.6 | 9.7 | 15.9 | 0.6 | 3.07 |
| 1956 | 17,583,000 | 425,704 | 174,847 | 250,857 | 24.2 | 9.9 | 14.3 | 0.4 | 2.89 |
| 1957 | 17,829,000 | 407,819 | 181,923 | 225,896 | 22.9 | 10.2 | 12.7 | 1.1 | 2.73 |
| 1958 | 18,056,000 | 390,500 | 156,493 | 234,007 | 21.6 | 8.7 | 13.0 | −0.4 | 2.58 |
| 1959 | 18,226,000 | 368,007 | 186,767 | 181,240 | 20.2 | 10.2 | 9.9 | −0,6 | 2.43 |
| 1960 | 18,403,414 | 352,241 | 160,720 | 191,521 | 19.1 | 8.7 | 10.4 | −0.8 | 2.33 |
| 1961 | 18,566,932 | 324,859 | 161,936 | 162,923 | 17.5 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 0 | 2.17 |
| 1962 | 18,680,721 | 301,985 | 172,429 | 129,556 | 16.2 | 9.2 | 6.9 | −0.8 | 2.04 |
| 1963 | 18,813,131 | 294,886 | 155,767 | 139,119 | 15.7 | 8.3 | 7.4 | −0.4 | 2.01 |
| 1964 | 18,927,081 | 287,383 | 152,476 | 134,907 | 15.2 | 8.1 | 7.1 | −1.1 | 1.96 |
| 1965 | 19,027,367 | 278,362 | 163,393 | 114,969 | 14.6 | 8.6 | 6.0 | −0.8 | 1.91 |
| 1966 | 19,140,783 | 273,678 | 157,445 | 116,233 | 14.3 | 8.2 | 6.1 | −0.1 | 1.90 |
| 1967 | 19,284,814 | 527,764 | 179,129 | 348,635 | 27.4 | 9.3 | 18.1 | −10.7 | 3.66 |
| 1968 | 19,720,984 | 526,091 | 188,509 | 337,582 | 26.7 | 9.6 | 17.1 | 5.1 | 3.63 |
| 1969 | 20,010,178 | 465,764 | 201,225 | 264,539 | 23.3 | 10.1 | 13.2 | 1.3 | 3.19 |
| 1970 | 20,252,541 | 427,034 | 193,255 | 233,779 | 21.1 | 9.5 | 11.5 | 0.4 | 2.89 |
| 1971 | 20,469,658 | 400,146 | 194,306 | 205,840 | 19.5 | 9.5 | 10.1 | 0.6 | 2.66 |
| 1972 | 20,662,648 | 389,153 | 189,793 | 199,360 | 18.8 | 9.2 | 9.6 | −0.3 | 2.55 |
| 1973 | 20,827,525 | 378,696 | 203,559 | 175,137 | 18.2 | 9.8 | 8.4 | −0.5 | 2.44 |
| 1974 | 21,028,841 | 427,732 | 191,286 | 236,446 | 20.3 | 9.1 | 11.2 | −1.7 | 2.72 |
| 1975 | 21,245,103 | 418,185 | 197,538 | 220,647 | 19.7 | 9.3 | 10.4 | −0.2 | 2.62 |
| 1976 | 21,445,698 | 417,353 | 204,873 | 212,480 | 19.5 | 9.6 | 9.9 | −0.6 | 2.58 |
| 1977 | 21,657,569 | 423,958 | 208,685 | 215,273 | 19.6 | 9.6 | 9.9 | −0.2 | 2.60 |
| 1978 | 21,854,622 | 416,598 | 211,846 | 204,752 | 19.1 | 9.7 | 9.4 | −0.4 | 2.54 |
| 1979 | 22,048,305 | 410,603 | 217,509 | 193,094 | 18.6 | 9.9 | 8.8 | 0 | 2.50 |
| 1980 | 22,201,387 | 398,904 | 231,876 | 167,028 | 18.0 | 10.4 | 7.5 | −0.6 | 2.45 |
| 1981 | 22,352,635 | 381,101 | 224,635 | 156,466 | 17.0 | 10.0 | 7.0 | −0.2 | 2.37 |
| 1982 | 22,477,703 | 344,369 | 224,120 | 120,249 | 15.3 | 10.0 | 5.3 | 0.2 | 2.17 |
| 1983 | 22,553,074 | 321,498 | 233,892 | 87,606 | 14.3 | 10.4 | 3.9 | −0.5 | 2.00 |
| 1984 | 22,624,505 | 350,741 | 233,699 | 117,042 | 15.5 | 10.3 | 5.2 | −2.0 | 2.19 |
| 1985 | 22,724,836 | 358,797 | 246,670 | 112,127 | 15.8 | 10.9 | 4.9 | −0.5 | 2.26 |
| 1986 | 22,823,479 | 376,896 | 242,330 | 134,566 | 16.5 | 10.6 | 5.9 | −1.6 | 2.39 |
| 1987 | 22,940,430 | 383,199 | 254,286 | 128,913 | 16.7 | 11.1 | 5.6 | −0.5 | 2.42 |
| 1988 | 23,053,552 | 380,043 | 253,370 | 126,673 | 16.5 | 11.0 | 5.5 | −0.6 | 2.31 |
| 1989 | 23,151,564 | 369,544 | 247,306 | 122,238 | 16.0 | 10.7 | 5.3 | −1.1 | 2.19 |
| 1990 | 23,206,720 | 314,746 | 247,086 | 67,660 | 13.6 | 10.6 | 2.9 | −0.5 | 1.83 |
| 1991 | 23,185,084 | 275,275 | 251,760 | 23,515 | 11.9 | 10.9 | 1.0 | −1.9 | 1.56 |
| 1992 | 22,788,969 | 260,393 | 263,855 | −3,462 | 11.4 | 11.6 | −0.2 | −16.9 | 1.50 |
| 1993 | 22,755,260 | 249,994 | 263,323 | −13,329 | 11.0 | 11.6 | −0.6 | −0.9 | 1.45 |
| 1994 | 22,730,622 | 246,736 | 266,101 | –19,365 | 10.9 | 11.7 | −0.9 | −0.2 | 1.42 |
| 1995 | 22,680,951 | 236,640 | 271,672 | −35,032 | 10.4 | 12.0 | −1.5 | −0.6 | 1.34 |
| 1996 | 22,607,620 | 231,348 | 286,158 | −54,810 | 10.2 | 12.7 | −2.4 | −0.8 | 1.29 |
| 1997 | 22,545,925 | 236,891 | 279,315 | −42,424 | 10.5 | 12.4 | −1.9 | −0.9 | 1.31 |
| 1998 | 22,502,803 | 237,297 | 269,166 | −31,869 | 10.5 | 12.0 | −1.4 | −0.5 | 1.33 |
| 1999 | 22,458,022 | 234,600 | 265,194 | −30,594 | 10.4 | 11.8 | −1.4 | -0.6 | 1.32 |
| 2000 | 22,435,205 | 234,521 | 255,820 | −21,299 | 10.5 | 11.4 | −0.9 | −0.1 | 1.32 |
| 2001 | 22,408,393 | 220,368 | 259,603 | −39,235 | 9.8 | 11.6 | −1.8 | 0.6 | 1.23 |
| 2002 | 21,675,775 | 210,529 | 269,666 | −59,137 | 9.7 | 12.4 | −2.7 | −30.1 | 1.26 |
| 2003 | 21,574,365 | 212,459 | 266,575 | −54,116 | 9.8 | 12.4 | −2.5 | −2.2 | 1.29 |
| 2004 | 21,451,845 | 216,261 | 258,890 | −42,629 | 10.1 | 12.1 | −2.0 | −3.7 | 1.32 |
| 2005 | 21,319,673 | 221,020 | 262,101 | −41,081 | 10.4 | 12.3 | −1.9 | −4.2 | 1.38 |
| 2006 | 21,193,749 | 219,483 | 258,094 | −38,611 | 10.4 | 12.2 | −1.8 | −4.1 | 1.41 |
| 2007 | 20,882,980 | 214,728 | 251,965 | −37,237 | 10.3 | 12.1 | −1.8 | −12.9 | 1.43 |
| 2008 | 20,537,848 | 221,900 | 253,202 | −31,302 | 10.8 | 12.3 | −1.5 | −15.0 | 1.58 |
| 2009 | 20,367,437 | 222,388 | 257,213 | −34,825 | 10.9 | 12.6 | −1.7 | −6.6 | 1.65 |
| 2010 | 20,246,798 | 212,199 | 259,723 | −47,524 | 10.5 | 12.8 | −2.3 | −3.6 | 1.58 |
| 2011 | 20,147,657 | 196,242 | 251,439 | −55,197 | 9.7 | 12.5 | −2.7 | −2.2 | 1.46 |
| 2012 | 20,060,182 | 201,104 | 255,539 | −54,435 | 10.0 | 12.7 | −2.7 | −1.6 | 1.52 |
| 2013 | 19,988,694 | 188,599 | 247,475 | −58,876 | 9.4 | 12.4 | −2.9 | −0.6 | 1.45 |
| 2014 | 19,916,451 | 198,740 | 254,965 | −56,225 | 10.0 | 12.8 | −2.8 | −0.8 | 1.55 |
| 2015 | 19,822,250 | 201,995 | 262,442 | −60,447 | 10.2 | 13.2 | −3.0 | −1.7 | 1.61 |
| 2016 | 19,706,424 | 205,773 | 258,404 | −52,631 | 10.4 | 13.1 | −2.7 | −3.2 | 1.68 |
| 2017 | 19,592,933 | 210,590 | 262,321 | −51,731 | 10.7 | 13.4 | −2.6 | −3.1 | 1.77 |
| 2018 | 19,483,840 | 210,290 | 264,963 | −54,673 | 10.8 | 13.6 | −2.8 | −2.8 | 1.81 |
| 2019 | 19,394,228 | 211,175 | 260,877 | −49,702 | 10.9 | 13.5 | −2.6 | −2.0 | 1.86 |
| 2020 | 19,296,076 | 206,826 | 299,524 | −92,698 | 10.7 | 15.5 | −4.8 | −0.3 | 1.80 |
| 2021 | 19,126,302 | 199,107 | 336,075 | −136,968 | 10.4 | 17.6 | −7.2 | −1.7 | 1.81 |
| 2022 | 19,052,694 | 178,233 | 272,953 | −94,720 | 9.4 | 14.3 | −4.9 | 1.1 | 1.71 |
| 2023 | 19,065,215 | 160,078 | 244,061 | −83,983 | 8.4 | 12.8 | −4.4 | 5.1 | 1.54 |
| 2024 | 19,067,576 | 149,612 | 246,012 | –96,400 | 7.8 | 12.9 | −5.1 | 5.2 |
Note: The 2011 Romanian census gave a figure of 20,121,641.
The 2021 Romanian census gave a figure of 19,053,815.
Current vital statistics
[edit]The current vital statistics of Romania are as follows:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
| Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| January–March 2024 | 35,341 | 65,250 | −29,909 |
| January–March 2025 | 33,261 | 65,815 | −32,554 |
| Difference | Template:Decrease −2,080 (−5,88%) | Template:Increasenegative +565 (+ 0,86%) | Template:Decrease −2,645 |
Total fertility rates by region
[edit]| Regions | TFR |
|---|---|
| Nord-Est | 1.76 |
| Centru | 1.65 |
| Sud-Est | 1.56 |
| Nord-Vest | 1.55 |
| Template:Flag | 1.54 |
| Sud − Muntenia | 1.49 |
| Vest | 1.44 |
| Sud-Vest | 1.38 |
| București - Ilfov | 1.33 |
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 9 387 590 | 9 814 072 | 19 201 662 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 521 481 | 493 753 | 1 015 234 | 5.29 |
| 5–9 | 491 575 | 465 014 | 956 589 | 4.98 |
| 10–14 | 542 113 | 513 007 | 1 055 120 | 5.49 |
| 15–19 | 529 720 | 497 225 | 1 026 945 | 5.35 |
| 20–24 | 516 683 | 488 542 | 1 005 225 | 5.24 |
| 25–29 | 521 145 | 486 568 | 1 007 713 | 5.25 |
| 30–34 | 692 834 | 641 537 | 1 334 371 | 6.95 |
| 35–39 | 666 920 | 624 800 | 1 291 720 | 6.73 |
| 40–44 | 773 295 | 740 280 | 1 513 575 | 7.88 |
| 45–49 | 757 067 | 717 118 | 1 474 185 | 7.68 |
| 50–54 | 802 907 | 770 972 | 1 573 879 | 8.20 |
| 55–59 | 502 848 | 511 124 | 1 013 972 | 5.28 |
| 60–64 | 574 456 | 653 682 | 1 228 138 | 6.40 |
| 65−69 | 536 795 | 676 615 | 1 213 410 | 6.32 |
| 70−74 | 403 858 | 556 959 | 960 817 | 5.00 |
| 75−79 | 234 736 | 370 749 | 605 485 | 3.15 |
| 80−84 | 181 168 | 332 869 | 514 037 | 2.68 |
| 85−89 | 92 247 | 181 016 | 273 263 | 1.42 |
| 90−94 | 34 236 | 68 768 | 103 004 | 0.54 |
| 95−99 | 9 544 | 18 845 | 28 389 | 0.15 |
| 100+ | 1 962 | 4 629 | 6 591 | 0.03 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 1 555 169 | 1 471 774 | 3 026 943 | 15.76 |
| 15–64 | 6 337 875 | 6 131 848 | 12 469 723 | 64.94 |
| 65+ | 1 494 546 | 2 210 450 | 3 704 996 | 19.30 |
Life expectancy 1950–2020
[edit]
Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
| Period | Life expectancy in
Years |
|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | Template:Steady 61.15 |
| 1955–1960 | Template:Increase 63.287 |
| 1960–1965 | Template:Increase 67.78 |
| 1965–1970 | Template:Decrease 67.34 |
| 1970–1975 | Template:Increase 69.02 |
| 1975–1980 | Template:Increase 69.59 |
| 1980–1985 | Template:Increase 69.73 |
| 1985–1990 | Template:Decrease 69.52 |
| 1990–1995 | Template:Increase 69.60 |
| 1995–2000 | Template:Increase 69.71 |
| 2000–2005 | Template:Increase 71.47 |
| 2005–2010 | Template:Increase 73.08 |
| 2010–2015 | Template:Increase 74.85 |
| 2015–2020 | ? |
Birth rates by counties
[edit]Romania has 41 counties and one city with a special status, namely Bucharest. Ilfov County has the highest crude birth rate (12.0‰), while Vâlcea County has the lowest crude birth rate (6.6‰). Birth rates are generally higher in rural areas compared to urban areas.
| Județ | Total CBR (‰) | Urban (‰) | Rural (‰) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Romania | 8.6 | 8.3 | 8.9 |
| Alba County | 8.0 | 7.5 | 8.8 |
| Arad County | 8.5 | 8.1 | 8.9 |
| Argeș County | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.3 |
| Bacău County | 8.0 | 7.5 | 8.5 |
| Bihor County | 9.2 | 8.6 | 9.8 |
| Bistrița-Năsăud County | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.7 |
| Botoșani County | 8.3 | 8.1 | 8.4 |
| Brașov County | 9.6 | 8.6 | 12.6 |
| Brăila County | 6.9 | 6.2 | 8.4 |
| Bucharest City | 8.8 | 8.8 | Template:N/a |
| Buzău County | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.6 |
| Caraș-Severin County | 6.9 | 6.7 | 7.3 |
| Călărași County | 8.7 | 8.5 | 8.9 |
| Cluj County | 9.5 | 9.2 | 9.9 |
| Constanța County | 9.3 | 8.8 | 10.4 |
| Covasna County | 9.6 | 8.1 | 11.2 |
| Dâmbovița County | 8.3 | 7.7 | 8.6 |
| Dolj County | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
| Galați County | 7.4 | 6.7 | 8.3 |
| Giurgiu County | 8.3 | 7.2 | 8.8 |
| Gorj County | 7.5 | 7.9 | 7.1 |
| Harghita County | 9.4 | 8.4 | 10.2 |
| Hunedoara County | 7.2 | 7.4 | 6.7 |
| Ialomița County | 8.2 | 7.8 | 8.7 |
| Iași County | 9.4 | 9.1 | 9.7 |
| Ilfov County | 12.0 | 12.3 | 11.8 |
| Maramureș County | 8.7 | 8.3 | 9.2 |
| Mehedinți County | 7.8 | 7.6 | 8.1 |
| Mureș County | 9.4 | 8.2 | 10.7 |
| Neamț County | 7.5 | 7.0 | 7.9 |
| Olt County | 7.0 | 7.8 | 6.5 |
| Prahova County | 7.9 | 7.6 | 8.2 |
| Satu Mare County | 8.6 | 7.6 | 9.5 |
| Sălaj County | 10.0 | 10.2 | 9.9 |
| Sibiu County | 9.3 | 8.4 | 11.3 |
| Suceava County | 10.3 | 9.6 | 10.8 |
| Teleorman County | 6.8 | 6.5 | 6.9 |
| Timiș County | 9.4 | 9.0 | 10.0 |
| Tulcea County | 7.3 | 7.8 | 6.8 |
| Vaslui County | 8.2 | 7.5 | 8.8 |
| Vâlcea County | 6.6 | 7.2 | 5.9 |
| Vrancea County | 8.3 | 7.9 | 8.5 |
Demographics statistics
[edit]
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.<ref name="WPR 2018">Template:Citation</ref>
- One birth every 3 minutes
- One death every 2 minutes
- Net loss of one person every 5 minutes
- One net migrant every 19 minutes
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.<ref name = "cia.gov">Template:CitationTemplate:PD-notice</ref>
Population
[edit]Template:Circa 19,000,000 (January 2023 est.)
Median age
[edit]- total: 41.6 years. Country comparison to the world: 38th
- male: 40.2 years
- female: 43 years (2018 est.)
Birth rate
[edit]- 8.7 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 211th
Death rate
[edit]- 12 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 17th
Total fertility rate
[edit]- 1.71 children born/woman (2017) Country comparison to the world: 154th
Net migration rate
[edit]- −0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 113th
- −0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)<ref name="CIAgov" />
Mother's mean age at first birth
[edit]- 26.7 years (2014 est.)
Population growth rate
[edit]- −0.35% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 219th
- −0.127% (2007 estimate).<ref name="CIAgov">Template:Cite web</ref>
Urban–rural ratio
[edit]Romania is one of the least urbanised countries in Europe. Just a slight majority, 56.4 percent, lives in urban areas (12,546,212 people in total). The remainder, 43.6 percent, lives in rural areas (9,695,506 people in total).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- urban population: 54% of total population (2018)
- rate of urbanization: −0.38% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)
Sex ratio
[edit]- at birth:
- 1.06 male(s)/female
- under 15 years:
- 1.05 male(s)/female
- 15–64 years:
- 0.99 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over:
- 0.71 male(s)/female
- total population:
- 0.95 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate
[edit]9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (May 2010);<ref name="dimn2010-08-21">Populatia Romaniei, in continua scadere, July 12, 2010, Wall-street.ro, Accessed online on August 2, 2012</ref> down from 17.3 deaths/1,000 live births in 2002.<ref name="UNDP.ro">Template:Cite web</ref>
Life expectancy at birth
[edit]- total population: 75.6 years (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 106th
- male: 72.1 years (2018 est.)
- female: 79.2 years (2018 est.)
- Total population: 75 years
- male: 71.4 years
- female: 78.8 years (2015 est.)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Literacy
[edit]definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
- total population: 98.8%
- male: 99.1%
- female: 98.5% (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
[edit]- total: 14 years
- male: 14 years
- female: 15 years (2016)
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
[edit]- total: 20.6%. Country comparison to the world: 62nd
- male: 19.9%
- female: 21.8% (2016 est.)
Nationality
[edit]The noun form is Romanian(s), and the adjectival form is Romanian.
Age structure
[edit]
- 0–14 years: 14.31% (male 1,576,621 /female 1,493,082)
- 15–24 years: 10.45% (male 1,151,312 /female 1,091,956)
- 25–54 years: 46.11% (male 5,010,272 /female 4,883,090)
- 55–64 years: 12.37% (male 1,244,669 /female 1,409,854)
- 65 years and over: 16.76% (male 1,454,320 /female 2,141,940) (2018 est.)
The following demographic statistics are from National Institute of Statistic on 1 July 2016.
- 0–14 years: 14.7% (male 1,678,542/female 1,586,709)
- 15–64 years: 69.5% (male 7,744,863/female 7,687,078)
- 65 years and over: 15.8% (male 1,420,144/female 2,097,659) (2016 est.)
As a consequence of the pro-natalist policies of the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime (see Decree 770), Romania has a higher proportion of people born in the late 1960s and 1970s its population than any other Western country except Slovenia. The generations born in 1967 and 1968 were the largest, although fertility remained relatively high until 1990. 8.55% of the Romanian population was born in the period from 1976 to 1980, compared with 6.82% of Americans and 6.33% of Britons.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Age structure by ethnicity
[edit]Population by ethnicity based on age groups, according to the 2011 census:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
| Age group | Total population | Romanians | Hungarians | Roma | Ukrainians | Germans | Turks | Others/Undeclared |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 1,045,029 | 766,078 | 52,158 | 73,860 | 2,606 | 890 | 2,348 | 147,089 |
| 5–9 | 1,054,391 | 804,721 | 55,477 | 69,998 | 3,058 | 990 | 2,095 | 118,052 |
| 10–14 | 1,090,226 | 861,915 | 58,081 | 64,776 | 3,285 | 1,072 | 1,996 | 99,101 |
| 15–19 | 1,108,453 | 911,478 | 59,737 | 53,768 | 3,712 | 1,158 | 1,651 | 76,949 |
| 20–24 | 1,366,374 | 1,119,417 | 76,714 | 60,542 | 3,770 | 1,488 | 2,261 | 102,182 |
| 25–29 | 1,303,077 | 1,048,482 | 74,135 | 49,452 | 3,545 | 1,459 | 2,117 | 123,887 |
| 30–34 | 1,522,719 | 1,241,284 | 90,620 | 51,267 | 3,692 | 1,770 | 2,452 | 131,634 |
| 35–39 | 1,538,897 | 1,283,084 | 95,034 | 45,551 | 3,710 | 1,999 | 2,403 | 107,116 |
| 40–44 | 1,743,878 | 1,493,176 | 103,663 | 39,351 | 3,530 | 2,672 | 2,319 | 99,167 |
| 45–49 | 1,076,258 | 924,664 | 66,469 | 24,319 | 3,082 | 1,933 | 1,642 | 54,149 |
| 50–54 | 1,332,266 | 1,156,851 | 80,134 | 25,816 | 3,259 | 2,530 | 1,732 | 61,944 |
| 55–59 | 1,448,043 | 1,255,293 | 94,852 | 23,064 | 3,109 | 3,375 | 1,554 | 66,796 |
| 60–64 | 1,244,286 | 1,084,578 | 82,353 | 15,976 | 2,874 | 2,523 | 1,090 | 54,892 |
| 65–69 | 890,340 | 766,197 | 74,709 | 8,708 | 2,238 | 2,796 | 682 | 35,010 |
| 70–74 | 901,370 | 792,445 | 63,963 | 7,063 | 2,190 | 3,525 | 560 | 31,624 |
| 75–79 | 729,965 | 646,048 | 48,315 | 4,803 | 1,697 | 2,734 | 430 | 25,938 |
| 80–84 | 462,807 | 407,295 | 32,265 | 2,346 | 1,021 | 1,947 | 231 | 17,702 |
| 85+ | 263,262 | 229,862 | 18,944 | 913 | 542 | 1,181 | 135 | 11,685 |
Immigration
[edit]Template:Main Foreign-born population (according to Eurostat):<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
| 2016 | 2018 | 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population total | 19,760,585 | 19,533,481 | 19,328,838 |
| Total | 347,344 | 510,526 | 723,913 |
| Template:Flag | 137,406 | 201,628 | 302,001 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 46,172 | 60,543 | 72,473 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 35,857 | 46,645 | 59,978 |
| Template:Flag | 14,328 | 25,644 | 47,614 |
| Template:Flag | 10,428 | 22,127 | 34,812 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 10,750 | 20,739 | 34,071 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 9,262 | 15,887 | 21,960 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 10,882 | 10,540 | 10,029 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 7,151 | 8,588 | 9,560 |
| Template:Flag | 5,596 | 7,294 | 9,308 |
| Template:Flag | 6,769 | 7,933 | 9,230 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 5,576 | 6,843 | 7,829 |
| Template:Flag | 4,235 | 5,485 | 6,125 |
| Template:Flag | 3,634 | 5,095 | 5,771 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 1,808 | 3,120 | 4,970 |
| Template:Flag | 2,121 | 3,727 | 4,718 |
| Template:Flag | 111 | 642 | 4,223 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 1,299 | 2,678 | 3,829 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 1,179 | 2,054 | 3,767 |
| Template:Flag | 2,833 | 3,376 | 3,191 |
| Template:Flag | 1,897 | 2,484 | 2,845 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 929 | 1,771 | 2,369 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 545 | 1,105 | 2,246 |
| Template:Flag | 89 | 340 | 2,195 |
| Template:Flag | 18 | 180 | 2,136 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 552 | 1,220 | 1,921 |
| Template:Flag | 1,362 | 1,652 | 1,672 |
| Template:Flag | 235 | 421 | 1,572 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 560 | 1,012 | 1,508 |
| Template:Flag | 1,701 | 2,044 | 1,419 |
| Template:Flag | 1,348 | 1,350 | 1,410 |
| Template:Flag | 477 | 941 | 1,375 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 408 | 898 | 1,356 |
| Template:Flag | 386 | 876 | 1,343 |
| Template:Flag | 169 | 467 | 1,206 |
| Template:Flag | 361 | 789 | 1,136 |
| Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flag | 387 | 970 | 1,061 |
| Template:Flag | 404 | 437 | 1,032 |
Net migration data
[edit]| Year | Immigration (Permanent) | Emigration (Permanent) | Net Migration (Permanent) | Temporary Immigration | Temporary Emigration | Net Temporary Migration | Total Net Migration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 1,602 | 44,160 | −42,558 | – | – | – | −42,558 |
| 1992 | 1,753 | 31,152 | −29,399 | – | – | – | −29,399 |
| 1993 | 1,269 | 18,446 | −17,177 | – | – | – | −17,177 |
| 1994 | 878 | 17,146 | −16,268 | – | – | – | −16,268 |
| 1995 | 4,458 | 25,675 | −21,217 | – | – | – | −21,217 |
| 1996 | 2,053 | 21,526 | −19,473 | – | – | – | −19,473 |
| 1997 | 6,600 | 19,945 | −13,345 | – | – | – | −13,345 |
| 1998 | 11,907 | 17,536 | −5,629 | – | – | – | −5,629 |
| 1999 | 10,078 | 12,594 | −2,516 | – | – | – | −2,516 |
| 2000 | 11,024 | 14,753 | −3,729 | – | – | – | −3,729 |
| 2001 | 10,350 | 9,921 | 429 | – | – | – | 429 |
| 2002 | 6,582 | 8,154 | −1,572 | – | – | – | −1,572 |
| 2003 | 3,267 | 10,673 | −7,406 | 91,726 | 143,977 | −52,251 | −59,657 |
| 2004 | 2,987 | 13,082 | −10,095 | 98,329 | 194,488 | −96,159 | −106,254 |
| 2005 | 3,704 | 10,938 | −7,234 | 91,040 | 175,297 | −84,257 | −91,491 |
| 2006 | 7,714 | 14,197 | −6,483 | 100,537 | 188,439 | −87,902 | −94,385 |
| 2007 | 9,575 | 8,830 | 745 | 86,267 | 544,074 | −457,807 | −457,062 |
| 2008 | 10,030 | 8,739 | 1,291 | 138,929 | 302,796 | −163,867 | −162,576 |
| 2009 | 8,606 | 10,211 | −1,605 | 135,844 | 246,626 | −110,782 | −112,387 |
| 2010 | 7,059 | 7,906 | −847 | 149,885 | 197,985 | −48,100 | −48,947 |
| 2011 | 15,538 | 18,307 | −2,769 | 147,685 | 195,551 | −47,866 | −50,635 |
| 2012 | 21,684 | 18,001 | 3,683 | 167,266 | 170,186 | −2,920 | 763 |
| 2013 | 23,897 | 19,056 | 4,841 | 153,646 | 161,755 | −8,109 | −3,268 |
| 2014 | 36,644 | 11,251 | 25,393 | 136,035 | 172,871 | −36,836 | −11,443 |
| 2015 | 23,093 | 15,235 | 7,858 | 132,795 | 194,718 | −61,923 | −54,065 |
| 2016 | 27,863 | 22,807 | 5,056 | 137,455 | 207,578 | −70,123 | −65,067 |
| 2017 | 50,199 | 23,156 | 27,043 | 177,435 | 242,193 | −64,758 | −37,715 |
| 2018 | 65,678 | 27,229 | 38,449 | 172,578 | 231,661 | −59,083 | −20,634 |
| 2019 | 64,479 | 26,775 | 37,704 | 202,422 | 233,736 | −31,314 | 6,390 |
| 2020 | 32,250 | 21,031 | 11,219 | 145,519 | 186,818 | −41,299 | −30,080 |
| 2021 | 49,769 | 34,341 | 15,428 | 194,642 | 216,861 | −22,219 | −6,791 |
| 2022 | 54,839 | 48,438 | 6,401 | 293,024 | 202,311 | 90,713 | 97,114 |
| 2023 | 29,830 | 48,612 | −18,782 | 324,091 | 239,244 | 84,847 | 66,065 |
<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Religion
[edit]
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- Romanian Orthodox — 86.7%
- Roman Catholic — 4.7%
- Protestant Churches (Calvin, Lutheran, Unitarian, Pentecostal, Baptist, Adventist) — 5.3%
- Greek Catholic – Uniate — 0.9%
- Islam — 0.3%
- Atheist — ≈0.04% (9,271 people)
- No religion — 0.1%
- Other religions — 2.0%
- Refused to declare — 0.1%
Religious affiliation tends to follow ethnic lines, with most ethnic Romanians identifying with the Romanian Orthodox Church. The Greek Catholic or Uniate church, reunified with the Orthodox Church by fiat in 1948, was restored after the 1989 revolution. The 2002 census indicates that 0.9% of the population is Greek Catholic, as opposed to about 10% prior to 1948. Roman Catholics, largely ethnic Hungarians and Germans, constitute 4.7% of the population; Calvinists, Baptists (see Baptist Union of Romania and Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania), Pentecostals, and Lutherans make up another 5%. There are smaller numbers of Unitarians, Muslims, and other religions.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]External links
[edit]- United Nations Statistics – Romania
- Romanian National Statistic Institute (site is in Romanian, PDF files are in Romanian and English)
- Population density map
Template:Romanian Topics Template:Ethnic groups in Romania Template:Romanian censuses Template:Demographics of Europe