Decathlon
Template:Short description Template:About Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox athletics event
The decathlon is a combined event in athletics consisting of 10 track and field events. The word "decathlon" was formed, in analogy to the word "pentathlon", from Greek δέκα (déka, meaning "ten") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "contest" or "prize"). Events are held over two consecutive days and the winners are determined by the combined performance in all. Performance is judged on a points system in each event, not by the position achieved.<ref name=Encarta>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> The decathlon is contested mainly by male athletes, while female athletes typically compete in the heptathlon.
Traditionally, the title of "World's Greatest Athlete" has been given to the person who wins the decathlon. This began when Gustav V of Sweden told Jim Thorpe, "Sir, you are the world's greatest athlete" after Thorpe won the decathlon at the Stockholm Olympics in 1912.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The event is similar to the pentathlon held at the ancient Greek Olympics,<ref name=Sweet>Waldo E. Sweet, Erich Segal (1987). Sport and recreation in ancient Greece. Oxford University Press. (p37). Retrieved on 7 May 2011.</ref> and also similar to a competition called an "all-around", which was contested at the United States amateur championships in 1884.<ref name=usatf>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=Zarnowski>Template:Cite book</ref> Another all-around was held at the 1904 Summer Olympics.<ref name=1904O>Template:Cite web</ref> The modern decathlon first appeared at the 1912 Games.<ref name=1912O>Template:Cite web</ref>
In modern athletics, the 10 events are: 100 metres, 400 metres, 1500 metres, 110 metre hurdles, long jump, high jump, pole vault, discus throw, javelin throw, and shotput. The current official decathlon world record holder is French athlete Kevin Mayer, who scored a total of 9,126 points at the 2018 Décastar in France.
Historical background
[edit]The decathlon developed from the ancient pentathlon competitions held at the ancient Greek Olympics. Pentathlons involved five disciplines – long jump, discus throw, javelin throw, sprint and a wrestling match.<ref name=Sweet /> Introduced in Olympia during 708 BC, this competition was extremely popular for many centuries.
A ten-event competition known as the "all-around" or "all-round" championship, similar to the modern decathlon, was first contested at the United States amateur championships in 1884 and reached a consistent form by 1890.<ref name=usatf /><ref name=Zarnowski /> While an all-around event was held at the 1904 Summer Olympics, whether it was an official Olympic event has been disputed.<ref name=1904O />
The modern decathlon first appeared in the Olympic athletics program at the 1912 Games in Stockholm.<ref name=1912O />
Format
[edit]Men's decathlon
[edit]The vast majority of international and top-level men's decathlons are divided into a two-day competition, with the track and field events held in the order below. Traditionally, all decathletes who finish the event, rather than just the winner or medal-winning athletes, do a round of honour together after the competition.Template:Citation needed The current world record holder is Kevin Mayer from France with 9126 points which he set on September 16, 2018, in Talence, France. Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2
- Day 1
- Day 2
Women's decathlon
[edit]At major championships, the women's equivalent of the decathlon is the seven-event heptathlon; before 1981 it was the five-event pentathlon.<ref>IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events, p. 9.</ref> However, in 2001, the IAAF (now World Athletics) approved scoring tables for a women's decathlon; the current world record holder is Austra Skujytė of Lithuania, with 8,358.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Women's disciplines differ from men's in the same way as for standalone events: the shot, discus, and javelin weigh less, and the sprint hurdles use lower hurdles over 100 m rather than 110 m. The points tables used are the same as for the heptathlon in the shared events. In some women's decathlon competitions, the schedule differs from the men's decathlon, with the field events switched between day one and day two. This rule was initially instituted to avoid scheduling conflicts when men's and women's decathlon competitions take place simultaneously, however by 2024 the rule was revised to allow conducting the women's decathlon using the men's event order.<ref>IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events, p. 10.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The inaugural Women's Decathlon World Championships used the men's ordering of events.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Women's decathlon reversed field event order (optional)
Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2
- Day 1
- Day 2
One hour
[edit]The one-hour decathlon is a special type of decathlon in which the athletes have to start the last of ten events (1500 m) within sixty minutes of the start of the first event. The world record holder is Czech decathlete Robert Změlík, who achieved 7,897 points at a meeting in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, in 1992.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Masters athletics
[edit]In Masters athletics, performance scores are age graded before being applied to the standard scoring table. This way, marks that would be competitive within an age division can get rated, even if those marks would not appear on the scale designed for younger age groups. Additionally, like women, the age divisions use different implement weights and lower hurdles. Based on this system, German Rolf Geese in the M60 division and American Robert Hewitt in the M80 divisions have set their respective world records over 8,000 points. Using the same scale, Nadine O'Connor scored 10,234 points in the W65 division, the highest decathlon score ever recorded.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Points system
[edit]Event | A | B | C |
---|---|---|---|
100 m | 25.4347 | 18 | 1.81 |
Long jump | 0.14354 | 220 | 1.4 |
Shot put | 51.39 | 1.5 | 1.05 |
High jump | 0.8465 | 75 | 1.42 |
400 m | 1.53775 | 82 | 1.81 |
110 m hurdles | 5.74352 | 28.5 | 1.92 |
Discus throw | 12.91 | 4 | 1.1 |
Pole vault | 0.2797 | 100 | 1.35 |
Javelin throw | 10.14 | 7 | 1.08 |
1500 m | 0.03768 | 480 | 1.85 |
The 2001 IAAF points tables use the following formulae:<ref name="iaafst24">IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events, p. 24.</ref>
- Points = Template:Math for track events (faster time produces a higher score)
- Points = Template:Math for field events (greater distance or height produces a higher score)
Template:Mvar, Template:Mvar, and Template:Mvar are parameters that vary by discipline, as shown in the adjacent table, while Template:Mvar is the performance by the athlete, measured in seconds (running), metres (throwing), or centimetres (jumping).<ref name="iaafst24" />
The decathlon tables should not be confused with the scoring tables compiled by Bojidar Spiriev, to allow comparison of the relative quality of performances by athletes in different events. On those tables, for example, a decathlon score of 9,006 points equates to 1,265 "comparison points", the same number as a triple jump of 18 m.<ref>IAAF Scoring Tables of Athletics – Outdoor – 2008 Edition Template:Webarchive p. 154.</ref>
Benchmarks
[edit]Split evenly between the events, the following table shows the benchmark levels needed to earn 1,000, 900, 800, and 700 points in each sport.
Event | 1,000 pts | 900 pts | 800 pts | 700 pts | Unit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 m | 10.395 | 10.827 | 11.278 | 11.756 | Seconds |
Long jump | 7.76 | 7.36 | 6.94 | 6.51 | Metres |
Shot put | 18.40 | 16.79 | 15.16 | 13.53 | Metres |
High jump | 2.20 | 2.10 | 1.99 | 1.88 | Metres |
400 m | 46.17 | 48.19 | 50.32 | 52.58 | Seconds |
110 m hurdles | 13.80 | 14.59 | 15.419 | 16.29 | Seconds |
Discus throw | 56.17 | 51.4 | 46.59 | 41.72 | Metres |
Pole vault | 5.28 | 4.96 | 4.63 | 4.29 | Metres |
Javelin throw | 77.19 | 70.67 | 64.09 | 57.45 | Metres |
1500 m | 3:53.79 | 4:07.42 | 4:21.77 | 4:36.96 | Minutes:Seconds |
Calculator
[edit]Records
[edit]Template:Further The official decathlon world record holder is Kevin Mayer of France, with a score of 9,126 points set during the 2018 Décastar in Talence, France, which was ratified by World Athletics.
Template:Decathlon score The previous record from Ashton Eaton (9,045 points): Template:Decathlon score
Record | Score | Athlete | Season | |
---|---|---|---|---|
World | 9,126 | Template:Flagathlete | 2018 | |
Continental records | ||||
Africa | 8,521 | Template:Flagathlete | 2016 | |
Asia | 8,725 | Template:Flagathlete | 2004 | |
Europe | 9,126 | Template:Flagathlete | 2018 | |
North, Central America and Caribbean |
9,045 | Template:Flagathlete | 2015 | |
Oceania | 8,649 | Template:Flagathlete | 2021 | |
South America | 8,393 | Template:Flagathlete | 2013 |
Decathlon bests
[edit]The total decathlon score for all world records in the respective events would be 12,666. The total decathlon score for all the best performances achieved during decathlons is 10,669. The Difference column shows the difference in points between the decathlon points that the individual current world record would be awarded and the points awarded to the current decathlon record for that event. The relative differences in points are much higher in throwing events than in running and jumping events.
Decathlon bests are only recognized when an athlete completes the ten-event competition with a score of over 7,000 points.<ref>van Kuijen, Hans (12 September 2013). Eaton and Melnychenko lead Talence fields, Lavillenie to make Decathlon debut – IAAF Combined Events Challenge. IAAF. Retrieved on 12 September 2013.</ref>
Event | Type | Athlete | Record | Score | Difference | Date | Place | Template:Abbr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 m | WR | Template:Flagathlete | 9.58 s | 1,202 | 136 | 16 August 2009 | Berlin | |
DB | Template:Flagathlete | 10.12 s | 1,066 | 25 May 2019 | Götzis | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | ||
4 August 2021 | Tokyo | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | ||||||
Long jump | WR | Template:Flagathlete | 8.95 m | 1,312 | 134 | 30 August 1991 | Tokyo | |
DB | Template:Flagathlete | 8.45 m | 1,178 | 28 May 2022 | Götzis | <ref name="SRF">Template:Cite news</ref> | ||
Shot put | WR | Template:Flagathlete | 23.56 m | 1,323 | 275 | 27 May 2023 | Los Angeles | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
DB | Template:Flagathlete | 19.17 m | 1,048 | 5 October 1969 | Bern | |||
High jump | WR | Template:Flagathlete | 2.45 m | 1,244 | 173 | 27 July 1993 | Salamanca | |
DB | Template:Flagathlete | 2.28 m | 1,071 | 7 April 2017 | Santa Barbara | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | ||
400 m | WR | Template:Flagathlete | 43.03 s | 1,164 | 104 | 14 August 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
DB | Template:Flagathlete | 45.00 s | 1,060 | 28 August 2015 | Beijing | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | ||
110 m hurdles | WR | Template:Flagathlete | 12.80 s | 1,135 | 76 | 7 September 2012 | Brussels | |
DB | Template:Flagathlete | 13.36 s | 1,059 | 30 May 2021 | Götzis | <ref name="World Athletics">Template:Cite news</ref> | ||
Discus throw | WR | Template:Flagathlete | 75.56 m | 1,416 | 384 | 13 April 2025 | Ramona | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
DB | Template:Flagathlete | 57.70 m | 1,032 | 6 June 2024 | Eugene | <ref name="ncaa24"/> | ||
Pole vault | WR | Template:Flagathlete | 6.27 m | 1,321 | 169 | 28 February 2025 | Clermont-Ferrand | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
DB | Template:Flagathlete | 5.76 m | 1,152 | 16 September 1999 | Leverkusen | |||
Javelin throw | WR | Template:Flagathlete | 98.48 m | 1,331 | 291 | 25 May 1996 | Jena | |
DB | Template:Flagathlete | 79.80 m | 1,040 | 19 July 1992 | Emmelshausen | |||
1500 m | WR | Template:Flagathlete | 3:26.00 min:s | 1,218 | 255 | 14 July 1998 | Rome | |
DB | Template:Flagathlete | 3:58.7Template:AthAbbr min:s | 963 | 3 April 1980 | Austin | |||
Total | World records | 12,666 | 1,197 | |||||
Decathlon bests | 10,669 |
All-time top 25 men
[edit]- Correct as of August 2024.<ref name=AlltimeM>Decathlon – men – senior – outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 25 January 2014.</ref>
Rank | Score | Athlete | Date | Place | Template:Abbr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 9,126 | Template:Flagathlete | 15–16 September 2018 | Talence | <ref name="Quentin Guillon">Template:Cite news</ref> |
( 10.55/+0.3 - 7.80/+1.2 - 16.00 - 2.05 - 48.42 / 13.75/-1.1 - 50.54 - 5.45 - 71.90 - 4:36.11 ) | |||||
2 | 9,045 | Template:Flagathlete | 28–29 August 2015 | Beijing | |
( 10.23/-0.4 - 7.88/0.0 - 14.52 - 2.01 - 45.00 / 13.69/-0.2 - 43.34 - 5.20 - 63.63 - 4:17.52 ) | |||||
3 | 9,026 | Template:Flagathlete | 26–27 May 2001 | Götzis | |
( 10.64/0.0 - 8.11/+1.9 - 15.33 - 2.12 - 47.79 / 13.92/-0.2 - 47.92 - 4.80 - 70.16 - 4:21.98 ) | |||||
4 | 9,018 | Template:Flagathlete | 4–5 August 2021 | Tokyo | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
( 10.12/+0.2 - 8.24/+0.2 - 14.80 - 2.02 - 47.48 / 13.46/-1.0 - 48.67 - 4.90 - 63.44 - 4:31.08 ) | |||||
5 | 8,994 | Template:Flagathlete | 3–4 July 1999 | Prague | |
( 10.54/-0.1 - 7.90/+1.1 - 16.78 - 2.04 - 48.08 / 13.73/0.0 - 48.33 - 4.90 - 72.32 - 4:37.20 ) | |||||
6 | 8,961 | Template:Flagathlete | 5–6 June 2024 | Eugene | <ref name="ncaa24">Template:Cite web</ref> |
( 10.64/+0.1 - 7.86/+0.9 - 17.46 - 2.07 - 48.03 / 14.36/0.0 - 57.70 - 5.21 - 56.64 - 4:44.61 ) | |||||
7 | 8,909 | Template:Flagathlete | 25–26 August 2023 | Budapest | <ref name="World2023">Template:Cite web</ref> |
( 10.45/-0.3 - 7.59/+0.2 - 15.81 - 2.08 - 47.21 / 13.77/+0.2 - 50.98 - 5.20 - 60.90 - 4:39.88 ) | |||||
8 | 8,891 | Template:Flagathlete | 4–5 September 1992 | Talence | |
( 10.43/+2.1 - 8.08/+1.8 - 16.69 - 2.07 - 48.51 / 13.98/-0.5 - 48.56 - 5.00 - 62.58 - 4:42.10 ) | |||||
9 | 8,867 | Template:Flagathlete | 6–7 May 2022 | Fayetteville | <ref name="fayetteville2022">Template:Cite web</ref> |
( 10.61/-0.3 - 7.68/+2.4 - 16.27 - 2.04 - 47.08 / 14.10/+3.1 - 55.06 - 5.21 - 57.45 - 4:48.00 ) | |||||
10 | 8,832 | Template:Flagathlete | 29–30 June 2008 | Eugene | |
( 10.39/-0.4 - 7.39/-1.6 - 15.17 - 2.08 - 48.41 / 13.75/+1.9 - 52.74 - 5.00 - 70.55 - 4:50.97 ) | |||||
11 | 8,815 | Template:Flagathlete | 6–7 August 2001 | Edmonton | |
( 10.60/+1.5 - 7.63/+2.0 - 14.90 - 2.03 - 46.23 / 14.40/0.0 - 43.40 - 5.40 - 67.01 - 4:29.58 ) | |||||
12 | 8,811 | Template:Flagathlete | 27–28 August 1986 | Stuttgart | |
( 10.26/+2.0 - 7.72/+1.0 - 15.73 - 2.00 - 47.02 / 14.04/-0.3 - 43.38 - 5.10 - 62.78 - 4:26.16 ) | |||||
13 | 8,796 | Template:Flagathlete | 2–3 August 2024 | Saint-Denis | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
( 10.71/+0.9 - 7.80/-0.2 - 15.25 - 1.99 - 47.69 / 14.25/+0.2 - 49.80 - 5.30 - 66.87 - 4:39.56 ) | |||||
14 | 8,790 | Template:Flagathlete | 19–20 August 2009 | Berlin | |
( 10.45/+0.2 - 7.83/+1.9 - 15.33 - 1.99 - 48.13 / 13.86/+0.3 - 48.08 - 5.20 - 68.00 - 4:48.91 ) | |||||
15 | 8,784 | Template:Flagathlete | 21–22 June 2003 | Palo Alto | |
( 10.78/+0.2 - 7.96/+1.4 - 16.28 - 2.17 - 48.22 / 14.13/+1.7 - 45.84 - 5.20 - 60.77 - 4:48.12 ) | |||||
16 | 8,764 | Template:Flagathlete | 10–11 June 2024 | Rome | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
( 10.60/+0.4 - 7.91/+0.2 - 14.99 - 1.99 - 46.81 / 14.30/-0.5 - 44.56 - 5.20 - 62.71 - 4:24.95 ) | |||||
17 | 8,756 | Template:Flagathlete | 25–26 August 2023 | Budapest | <ref name="World2023" /> |
( 10.60/+0.1 - 7.55/+1.0 - 15.94 - 2.02 - 48.05 / 14.47/+0.2 - 54.97 - 4.80 - 68.05 - 4:39.67 ) | |||||
18 | 8,735 | Template:Flagathlete | 28–29 May 1994 | Götzis | |
( 10.50/+2.1 - 7.26/+1.0 - 16.05 - 2.11 - 47.63 / 13.82/-3.0 - 49.70 - 4.90 - 60.32 - 4:35.09 ) | |||||
19 | 8,732 | Template:Flagathlete | 17–18 April 2024 | Walnut | |
( 10.31/+1.9 - 7.77/+2.6 - 16.26 - 1.98 - 47.23 / 13.73/+0.9 - 46.00 - 5.10 - 59.28 - 4:45.59 ) | |||||
20 | 8,730 | Template:Flagathlete | 27–28 August 1986 | Stuttgart | |
( 10.87/+2.5 - 7.89/+2.8 - 16.46 - 2.12 - 48.79 / 14.52/-0.3 - 48.42 - 4.60 - 64.38 - 4:21.61 ) | |||||
21 | 8,725 | Template:Flagathlete | 23–24 August 2004 | Athens | |
( 10.50/+2.2 - 7.81/-0.9 - 15.93 - 2.09 - 46.81 / 13.97/+1.5 - 51.65 - 4.60 - 55.54 - 4:38.11 ) | |||||
22 | 8,720 | Template:Flagathlete | 6–7 May 2022 | Fayetteville | <ref name="fayetteville2022" /> |
( 10.63/+0.9 - 7.86/+1.0 - 16.44 - 2.16 - 49.04 / 13.71/+1.0 - 46.16 - 4.85 - 59.63 - 4:43.21 ) | |||||
23 | 8,706 | Template:Flagathlete | 31 July – 1 August 1996 | Atlanta | |
( 10.60/ - 8.07/+0.8 - 13.60 - 2.04 - 48.34 / 13.47/+0.3 - 45.04 - 4.80 - 66.86 - 4:31.41 ) | |||||
24 | 8,705 | Template:Flagathlete | 23–24 April 1992 | Azusa | |
( 10.96/+0.4 - 7.52/+4.5 - 14.61 - 2.04 - 48.19 / 14.17/+0.3 - 49.88 - 5.28 - 66.96 - 4:29.38 ) | |||||
25 | 8,694 | Template:Flagathlete | 19–20 June 1998 | New Orleans | |
( 10.31/+3.5 - 7.76/+2.5 - 15.43 - 2.18 - 49.02 / 14.02/+1.0 - 53.22 - 4.60 - 61.59 - 4:59.43 ) |
Notes
[edit]Below is a list of other scores equal or superior to 8750 pts:
- Ashton Eaton also scored 9039 (2012), 8893 (2016), 8809 (2013) and 8750 (2016).
- Damian Warner also scored 8995 (2021), 8804 (2023), 8797 (2022) and 8795 (2018).
- Tomáš Dvořák also scored 8902 (2001), 8900 (2000) and 8837 (1997).
- Roman Šebrle also scored 8893 (2004), 8807 (2003), 8800 (2002) and 8757 (2000).
- Leo Neugebauer also scored 8836 (2023) and 8748 (2024).
- Kevin Mayer also scored 8834 (2016), 8816 (2022) and 8768 (2017).
- Dan O'Brien also scored 8824 (1996), 8812 (1991) and 8755 (1998).
- Bryan Clay also scored 8791 (2008).
- Tom Pappas also scored 8750 (2003).
All-time top performances women ≥ 8,000 pts
[edit]- Correct as of September 2023.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Rank | Score | Athlete | Date | Place | Template:Abbr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 8,358 | Template:Flagathlete | 14–15 April 2005 | Columbia | <ref name="WomenWorld2023">Template:Cite web</ref> |
2 | 8,246 | Template:Flagathlete | 21–22 August 2021 | San Mateo | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
3 | 8,150 | Template:Flagathlete | 25–26 September 2004 | Talence | <ref name="WomenWorld2023"/> |
Notes
[edit]Below is a list of other scores equal or superior to 8000 pts:
- Austra Skujytė also scored 8091 pts (2006).
Competitions
[edit]Olympic medalists
[edit]Template:Olympic medalists in men's decathlon
World Championships medalists
[edit]Men
[edit]Template:World Championships in Athletics medalists in men's decathlon
Women
[edit]Template:World Championships in Athletics medalists in women's decathlon
Continental competitions
[edit]- African Combined Events Championships
- European Cup Combined Events
- Oceania Combined Events Championships
- Pan American Combined Events Cup
Other
[edit]Season's bests
[edit]National records
[edit]- Updated 4 August 2024.<ref name=AlltimeM />
Equal or superior to 8,000 pts: Template:Table alignmentTemplate:Static row numbersTemplate:Sticky header
Under-20 records
[edit]The world decathlon under-20 record is held by Niklas Kaul, of Germany, who scored 8,435 points at the European U20 Championships in Grosseto, Italy, from 22 to 23 July 2017. Template:Decathlon score The world decathlon under-20 record using senior implements is held by Torsten Voss, of East Germany, who scored 8,397 points in Erfurt, East Germany, from 6–7 July 1982. This was the last record to be ratified because it is no longer a World Athletics under-20 record event.
Key:
NWI = No Wind Indication
Key:
+ = Senior implements
* = 6-kg shot, 1.067-m hurdles, 1.75-kg discus
A = Altitude (over 1,000 m)
U20 Record | Score | Athlete | Year |
---|---|---|---|
World | 8,397+ | Template:Flagathlete | 1982 |
8,435 | Template:Flagathlete | 2017 | |
Area U20 records | |||
Africa | 7,548+ | Template:Flagathlete | 2011 |
7,791 | Template:Flagathlete | 2014 | |
Asia | 8,041+ | Template:Flagathlete | 2002 |
Europe | 8,397+ | Template:Flagathlete | 1982 |
8,435 | Template:Flagathlete | 2017 | |
North, Central America and Caribbean |
8,257+ | Template:Flagathlete | 2007 |
Oceania | 8,103+ | Template:Flagathlete | 2019 |
8,190 | Template:Flagathlete | 2018 | |
South America | 7,422+ | Template:Flagathlete | 1985 |
7,641* | Template:Flagathlete | 2005 | |
7,762 A | Template:Flagathlete | 2013 |
Decathlon under-20 bests
[edit](Within a completed decathlon scoring more than 7,000 points)
Other multiple event contests
[edit]- Aquathlon
- Biathlon
- Chess-boxing
- CrossFit Games
- Duathlon
- Heptathlon
- Icosathlon or double decathlon
- Modern pentathlon
- Nordic combined
- Octathlon
- Omnium
- Quadrathlon
- Triathlon
See also
[edit]Explanatory notes
[edit]References
[edit]External links
[edit]- IAAF decathlon homepage
- IAAF list of decathlon records in XML
- Team Decathlon website
- Decathlon splits of Olympic, World and European medalists
- A downloadable Excel spreadsheet of multi-event scoring and age grading is available from the creator, Stefan Waltermann
Template:Athletics events Template:National records in athletics Template:Authority control