Cabazon, California

Template:Redirect Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox settlement

Cabazon (Spanish: Cabazón)<ref>Voice of America - Incendios forestales en el sur de California</ref><ref>MedioTiempo - Noquea Mora a Ruvalcaba en seis rounds en casino Morongo</ref> is an unincorporated community in Riverside County, California, United States. Cabazon is on the Pacific Crest Trail.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In the 21st century, the area has become a tourist stop, due to the Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa and Desert Hills Premium Outlets. The population was 2,535 during the 2010 Census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Cabazon as a census-designated place (CDP).

History

Cabazon was initially established as a settlement in the 1870s after the Southern Pacific Railroad built a railroad station there. The station was originally named Jacinto, but was renamed Cabezone after the Spanish name of a nearby Indian rancheria. The Spanish had named the latter after a chief of the Cahuilla Indians during the colonial period. He was named for his large head.

In the late 19th century, a workers' camp known as Hall's Siding, which included a hotel and dance hall, developed. It was abandoned after the railroad relocated its facilities. In 1884 a new town was laid out by the Scottish-owned Cabazon Land and Water Company, which established a fruit farm. Some lots were sold, but were later repurchased.

The large plot of land stayed intact until it was bought by a developer in 1910. The developer established a school and a post office, but was unable to attract many residents.<ref>David W. Kean, Wide Places in the California Roads: The Encyclopedia of California's Small Towns and the roads that lead to them (Volume 1 of 4: Southern California Counties), p. 30.</ref>

Cabazon was incorporated as a city on November 1, 1955.<ref name="Hillinger">Template:Cite news Available through ProQuest NewsStand.</ref> Under California law, incorporated cities could host cardrooms, while unincorporated areas could not.<ref name="Hillinger" /> Some businessmen hoped that cardrooms would attract new residents and businesses. During the next 16 years, the city struggled with scandal, political instability, and stalled growth, as cardroom operators vied with other landowners and residents for control of the city government.<ref name="Hillinger" />

In its first seven years, a succession of 18 police chiefs and 21 City Council members served for short terms in the city.<ref name="Gold">Template:Cite news Available through ProQuest NewsStand.</ref> One key dispute was between residents who hoped that Cabazon could be developed as a resort city like Palm Springs to the east, versus cardroom owners who wanted to keep Cabazon's population low so that the city government's operating expenses (and their taxes) would remain low and not impinge on their profits.<ref name="Hillinger" />

In a popular tactic of small jurisdictions, the city turned then-U.S. Route 60 down Main Street into a speed trap; it raised as much as $19,000 per year by fines from speeding tickets. That revenue stream vanished when Interstate 10 was completed in California circa 1964, and US Route 60 was decommissioned.<ref name="Hillinger" /> A cardroom operator sued the City Council over its attempt to raise the license fee for cardrooms. This infuriated those landowners and residents who did not profit from the city's cardrooms. They sought to shut down the city so that the cardrooms would also be forced to shut down.<ref name="Hillinger" />

On September 14, 1971, the city's electorate voted in a special election, 192 to 131 in favor of disincorporation.<ref name="Hillinger" /> The election results were upheld by the state courts,<ref name="Hillinger" /> and the city government disincorporated in 1972.<ref>Kean, Wide Places in the California Roads, Vol. 1, p. 31</ref>

With changing demographics and regional economy, locals in the early 21st century have intermittently discussed reincorporating the area.<ref name="Gold" /><ref name="Disincorp">Template:Cite news</ref>

Esperanza Fire

In late October 2006, a major arson fire started near Cabazon.<ref name = "fire"/> During the course of five days, the Esperanza Fire burned over Template:Convert and resulted in the deaths of five firefighters.<ref name="fire">Template:Cite news</ref> California State Route 243 was renamed as the "Esperanza Firefighters Memorial Highway" to honor them.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of Template:Convert. Template:Convert of it is land and Template:Convert of it is water.<ref name="GR1">Template:Cite web</ref> The total area is 0.52% water. The Census Bureau definition of the area may not precisely correspond to the local understanding of the community.

Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Cabazon has a hot desert climate, abbreviated "BWh" on climate maps. Template:Weather box

Demographics

Template:US Census population

2010

At the 2010 census Cabazon had a population of 2,535. The population density was Template:Convert. The racial makeup of Cabazon was 1,751 (69.1%) Caucasian (42.3% Non-Hispanic Caucasian),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 135 (5.3%) African American, 90 (3.6%) Native American, 38 (1.5%) Asian, 14 (0.6%) Pacific Islander, 358 (14.1%) from other races, and 149 (5.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,135 persons (44.8%).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The census reported that 2,526 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 9 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.

There were 792 households, 350 (44.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 317 (40.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 181 (22.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 81 (10.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 81 (10.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 8 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 157 households (19.8%) were one person and 54 (6.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.19. There were 579 families (73.1% of households); the average family size was 3.68.

The age distribution was 798 people (31.5%) under the age of 18, 275 people (10.8%) aged 18 to 24, 577 people (22.8%) aged 25 to 44, 674 people (26.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 211 people (8.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 31.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males.

There were 932 housing units at an average density of 190.5 per square mile, of the occupied units 459 (58.0%) were owner-occupied and 333 (42.0%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.6%. 1,382 people (54.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,144 people (45.1%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Cabazon had a median household income of $33,333, with 22.1% of the population living below the federal poverty line.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

2000

At the 2000 census there were 2,229 people, 721 households, and 511 families in the CDP. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 846 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the CDP was 70.9% White, 4.1% Black or African American, 4.2% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 13.4% from other races, and 6.1% from two or more races.<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> Of the 721 households 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 20.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 22.5% of households were one person and 9.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.9 and the average family size was 3.5.

The age distribution was 30.5% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.

The median household income was $20,598 and the median family income was $24,583. Males had a median income of $29,236 versus $19,444 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,068. About 28.9% of families and 32.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.9% of those under age 18 and 33.1% of those age 65 or over.

Major landmarks

File:CabazonDinosaurs-BuildingShapedLikeDinosaur.jpg

Dinny the Dinosaur

Roadside attraction

Claude Bell's giant dinosaur sculptures are icons of roadside America. The site features two sculptures: a 150-ton building in the shape of a larger-than-life-sized Brontosaurus (begun in 1964, completed in 1975), and a 100-ton Tyrannosaurus rex structure (built in 1981).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=AP1970>Associated Press, Cabazon, California. Eugene Register-Guard, April 12, 1970. "Cement brontosaurus just beginning: Claude Kenneth Bell and his 'monster'." Hosted by Google Newspapers. Retrieved on January 2, 2010.</ref> The dinosaurs, nicknamed "Dinny" and "Mr. Rex," respectively, were installed to attract customers to Claude Bell's Wheel Inn Cafe.

Some residents grew up with them along the highway in southern California; others may remember them from various films and videos, notably in Pee-wee's Big Adventure.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Developers purchased the dinosaurs in 2005 from the Bell family for $1.2 million.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Outlet shopping center

Cabazon is a stop for outlet shopping; Desert Hills Premium Outlets<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Cabazon Outlets<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> each operate outlet malls.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa

File:MorongoCasino1.JPG

The Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa

Cabazon is the territory of the federally recognized Morongo Band of Mission Indians, which have developed the Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa. Its 27-story hotel tower dominates the San Gorgonio Pass.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name = "Morongo"/> This is one of the largest Native American casinos in the United States.<ref name="Morongo">Template:Cite news</ref>

In addition, they partnered for tribal business with Arrowhead Mountain Springwater to develop a huge water-bottling facility on the eastern edge on Cabazon in 2003. Its construction earned a LEED Silver rating.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Library

The Cabazon Library, opened in 2013, is part of the Riverside County Library System, operated under contract by Library Systems and Services, LLC.<ref>"Cabazon Library opens with February 13 event Template:Webarchive, Blog, February 13, 2013</ref>