Blythe, California

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Thomas Henry Blythe

One of the Blythe Intaglios, prehistoric geoglyphs in the Sonoran Desert, across the river from Parker Valley.

Blythe (Template:IPAc-en) is a city in eastern Riverside County, California, United States. It is in the Palo Verde Valley of the Lower Colorado River Valley region, an agricultural area and part of the Colorado Desert along the Colorado River, approximately Template:Convert east of Los Angeles and Template:Convert west of Phoenix. Blythe was named after Thomas Henry Blythe, a San Francisco financier, who established primary water rights to the Colorado River in the region in 1877. The city was incorporated on July 21, 1916. The population was 18,317 at the 2020 census.

History

Template:See also Native Americans lived in the area.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Etymology

Template:See also Blythe was named after Thomas Henry Blythe, a San Francisco businessman and entrepreneur. Mr. Blythe established primary water rights to the Colorado River in the southwestern California region in 1877. The town was originally named Blythe City, by Thomas Blythe, but the name was shortened to simply Blythe around the time the first post office was opened in 1908.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Early years

File:AT & Sta Fe California Southern Railroad - Ripley Branch.jpg

Route in 1930

In the early or mid-1870s, William Calloway (known as Oliver Calloway in some sources), an engineer and a former captain of the 1st California Infantry Regiment, explored an area across the Colorado River from Ehrenberg, Arizona, and found its potential for development. Calloway made preliminary surveys and filed land claims under the Swamp Land Act of 1850. He interested the wealthy San Francisco capitalist Thomas Henry Blythe (originally born Thomas Williams in Mold, Wales) to undertake development and settlement of an "empire" located next to the Colorado. Together they purchased a total of 140,000 acres under the Swamp Land Act, and another 35,000 acres under the Desert Land Act of 1877.<ref name="San Diego History">Template:Cite web</ref>

On July 17, 1877, Blythe filed his first claim for Colorado River water on what was to become the "Blythe Intake".<ref>An historical marker for the intake was placed by the Palo Verde Valley Historical Society and Riverside County Parks and Recreation in 1986. Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Blythe appointed another man named George Irish as manager to assist Calloway in building an irrigation system. Calloway died in a Chemehuevi attack on March 28, 1880, and was replaced by C.C. Miller, the father of Frank Augustus Miller.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Desert Magazine">Template:Cite journal</ref> Thomas Blythe died on April 4, 1883; his only revisit to the valley was in November 1882.<ref name="Desert Magazine" /><ref name="PVID">Template:Cite web</ref> After his death, the work in the valley halted and Blythe's estate subsequently went into litigation between his illegitimate daughter Florence and other claimants, the trial beginning in 1889. In the 1900s, Florence was awarded the estate, after several years of preceding rulings in favor of her and appeals against her.<ref name="San Diego History" /><ref name="Desert Magazine" /><ref name="Boessenecker1998">Template:Cite book</ref>

20th century

Frank Murphy and Ed Williams, who were involved with the cattle industry in southeastern Arizona, came to the area in 1904 and were convinced it was well-suited for cattle and farming. With the Hobson brothers from Ventura County, they bought Blythe's estate and formed the Palo Verde Land and Water Company.<ref name="PVID" /><ref name="Kleinsorge1941">Template:Cite book</ref> During 1911–1912, W.F. Holt, who helped develop nearby Imperial Valley, was the company's general manager.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Myrick2001">Template:Cite book</ref>

On August 8, 1916, the California Southern Railroad reached Blythe from the desert station of Rice, then known as Blythe Junction. It was later renamed to honor G.W. Rice, an engineer and superintendent of the railroad. The dramatic growth in the valley following this event attracted national attention. Production totals increased annually from virtually nothing to near $8,000,000 in few years, primarily from cotton and cotton seed shipped to the ports.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The lower cotton prices in 1920 ended this prosperous time. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway began leasing the line in 1921 and acquired it at the end of 1942.<ref name="Myrick2001" /><ref name="Robertson1986">Template:Cite book</ref>

The first automobile bridge over the Colorado River between Blythe and Ehrenberg was constructed in 1928 to replace a cable ferry service.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The bridge's successor was built in the early 1960s and was expanded to four lanes and a pedestrian walkway in early 1974.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1935, the completion of Boulder Dam extinguished the annual destructive floods in the valley. As noted during the city's fiftieth anniversary, some forty crops were grown on the farms, and large cattle feeds were another aspect of the agriculture industry.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As of 1947, the Fisher ranch had the biggest herd of registered Brahman cattle in California, the breeding stock having been sold to western states and other countries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

During World War II, Blythe was the site of United States Army Air Forces facilities at the Blythe Airport and the Gary Field.

In 1972, Interstate 10 was built through the city, replacing US 60 and the previously decommissioned US 70 on Hobsonway as the main thoroughfare.<ref>Front page picture in the Palo Verde Valley Times, October 26, 1972.</ref>

21st century

In 2016, the voter-approved recreational use of cannabis in California has made the cannabis industry drawn to the economically declined city due to lower land prices, water, and potentially lower taxes compared to other parts of the state.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Geography and climate

Blythe is located near the California/Arizona border in the Colorado Desert section of the Sonoran Desert, at the junction of Interstate 10 and US 95. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (2.9%) is water.

Nearby communities include Vidal to the north, Ripley to the south, Desert Center to the west, and Ehrenberg, Arizona, to the east. Major cities in the region include Yuma (85 miles), Indio (95 miles), Phoenix (150 miles), San Bernardino (170 miles), Riverside (172 miles), and Las Vegas (200 miles). Blythe is within 4 hours via car of 10% of the United States' population.

Blythe has a hot desert climate, featuring extremely hot summers and mild winters. There are an average of 179.3 days with highs of Template:Convert or higher. There are an average of 3.1 days with lows of Template:Convert or lower. Until 2016, the record high temperature was Template:Convert on July 7, 1920, and June 24, 1929. But on June 20, 2016, that long-standing record was shattered when Blythe reached Template:Convert. The record low temperature was Template:Convert on January 8, 1971. There are an average of 17.9 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1992 with Template:Convert and the driest year was 1950 with Template:Convert. The most rainfall in one month was Template:Convert in August 1951, which included the 24-hour record rainfall of Template:Convert on August 26.<ref name = NOWData/><ref name = NOAA/>

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Also notable is the geological history of Blythe – despite California's reputation for earthquakes, according to geologists Blythe has not had an earthquake centered in the city for over 500,000 years.<ref name="Palo Verde Valley District Library"/>

Local features

Tourism is a major component of the local economy. Blythe is a stopover city with full services for travelers between any of the nearby regions, in particular the major cities of Los Angeles and Phoenix, since it is approximately midway between those two metropolitan areas. The winter months bring visitors avoiding the colder climates of the north, when the population of the area within 50 miles (80 km) of Blythe has been known to exceed 500,000.<ref name="Palo Verde Valley District Library">Template:Cite web</ref>

Blythe also contains 24 churches, one library, two newspapers (Palo Verde Valley Times, Template:Usurped), two museums, two radio stations (KERU-FM<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and KJMB-FM<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> ), three banks, a three-screen movie theater (now closed), one funeral home and an 18,500 sq ft (1,720 m²). recreation center. The area is popular with campers and hikers and has six parks, seven campgrounds, seven RV parks, 3 boat ramps onto the Colorado River, and an 18-hole public golf course.

Demographics

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2020

The 2020 United States census reported that Blythe had a population of 18,317. The population density was Template:Convert. The racial makeup of Blythe was 31.6% White, 11.7% African American, 1.8% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 41.9% from other races, and 11.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 59.4% of the population.<ref name=DP1>Template:Cite web</ref>

The census reported that 66.0% of the population lived in households, 0.6% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 33.4% were institutionalized.<ref name=DP1/>

There were 4,477 households, out of which 37.9% included children under the age of 18, 36.8% were married-couple households, 8.3% were cohabiting couple households, 32.1% had a female householder with no partner present, and 22.8% had a male householder with no partner present. 27.5% of households were one person, and 9.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.7.<ref name=DP1/> There were 2,980 families (66.6% of all households).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The age distribution was 18.4% under the age of 18, 9.5% aged 18 to 24, 36.3% aged 25 to 44, 26.6% aged 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65Template:Nbspyears of age or older. The median age was 36.9Template:Nbspyears. For every 100 females, there were 198.6 males.<ref name=DP1/>

There were 5,246 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert, of which 4,477 (85.3%) were occupied. Of these, 51.2% were owner-occupied, and 48.8% were occupied by renters.<ref name=DP1/>

2023 estimates

In 2023, the US Census Bureau estimated that 17.7% of the population were foreign-born. Of all people aged 5 or older, 55.2% spoke only English at home, 41.0% spoke Spanish, 1.8% spoke other Indo-European languages, 1.4% spoke Asian or Pacific Islander languages, and 0.6% spoke other languages. Of those aged 25 or older, 69.7% were high school graduates and 8.9% had a bachelor's degree.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The median household income was $51,984, and the per capita income was $18,378. About 15.4% of families and 19.5% of the population were below the poverty line.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Politics

In the California State Legislature, Blythe is in Template:Representative, and in Template:Representative.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In the United States House of Representatives, Blythe is in Template:Representative.<ref>Template:Cite GovTrack</ref>

Sports

The Blythe Heat was a winter professional minor league baseball team of the Arizona Winter League, and also a member of the Arizona Summer League, but the leagues folded in 2017. They play on Alexander Field in Todd Park. Some games of the Lake Havasu Heat (folded in 2009) of the semi-pro Pacific Southwest Baseball League played in Blythe during the summer months.

Public services

File:Colorado River at Blythe main canal.jpg

Aerial view from the north of the Colorado River on the Arizona–California border, showing the small Palo Verde Diversion Dam that diverts water to the west (right) into the main canal to irrigate the Palo Verde Valley around Blythe. Canals on the Arizona side (left) in the Parker Valley are also visible, in the foreground.

State and federal agencies

State facilities in the town include the following:

Resources Agency, California Department of Fish and Game office at 150 S. Main Street.
California Highway Patrol office at 430 S. Broadway Street.
California Department of Motor Vehicles office at 430 S. Broadway Street.
California Department of Food and Agriculture office.
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation – Chuckawalla Valley State Prison(Now Closed)
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation – Ironwood State Prison
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection

Federal facilities in the town include the following:

U.S. Border Patrol
U.S. Department of Agriculture – Blythe Federal Building
U.S. Postal Service – Blythe Federal Building

Safety

Blythe has its own police department and volunteer fire department. The Riverside County Sheriff's Department also has a regional station in Blythe.

Emergency medical services are provided by American Medical Response, which staffs two paramedic ambulances in the city 24 hours a day.

Blythe has its own police department, the Blythe Police Department who patrol Blythe. However the highways in and around Blythe are managed by California Highway Patrol and the nearby Riverside County patrolled by Riverside County Sheriff's Department who also run the county jail.

Education

Blythe area public elementary and secondary schools comprise the Palo Verde Unified School District,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> which contains 3 elementary schools and 1 high school, and continuation/adult education school. Palo Verde Community College District is part of the California Community College system and includes Palo Verde College in Blythe and an educational center in Needles.

Transportation

Interstate 10 crosses Blythe in an east–west direction. State Route 78's eastern terminus is west of the town. U.S. Route 95 crosses Blythe in the eastern side. Lovekin Boulevard and Midland Road serve the ghost town of Midland.

Blythe Airport (BLH) is just west of the town on Interstate 10 and has a Template:Convert runway.

Blythe was served in rail by the Arizona and California Railroad but currently has no rail service since an embargo in late 2007 and abandonment in 2009.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Blythe is served by RidePV.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Greyhound stops in Blythe.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Healthcare

Health facilities in Blythe include Palo Verde Hospital, a General Acute Care Hospital with 55 total beds and 24-hour standby emergency services, 23 physicians/surgeons, 2 dentists, 2 optometrists, 1 chiropractor, and 1 podiatrist.<ref>California Department of Health Services</ref>

Cemetery

The Palo Verde Cemetery District<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> maintains the Palo Verde Cemetery.<ref>Template:Coord USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)</ref>

References

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External links

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Template:Official website

Template:Geographic location Template:Riverside County, California

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