Alan Bean

Template:Short description Template:About Template:Good article Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox astronaut Alan LaVern Bean (March 15, 1932 – May 26, 2018) was an American naval officer and aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, NASA astronaut and painter. He was selected to become an astronaut by NASA in 1963 as part of Astronaut Group 3, and was the fourth person to walk on the Moon.

Before becoming an astronaut, Bean graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from University of Texas at Austin in 1955 and re-joined the U.S. Navy—he served as an enlisted member for a year after his high school graduation. He received his naval aviator wings in 1956 and served as a fighter pilot. In 1960, he graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, flew as a test pilot and was The New Nine selection finalist in 1962.

Bean made his first flight into space aboard Apollo 12 in November 1969, the second crewed mission to land on the Moon. He spent over seven hours walking on the Moon during two lunar excursions. He made his second and final flight into space on the Skylab 3 mission in 1973, the second crewed mission to the Skylab space station.

After retiring from the United States Navy in 1975 and NASA in 1981, Bean pursued his interest in painting, depicting various space-related scenes and documenting his own experiences in space as well as those of his fellow Apollo program astronauts. He was the last living crew member of Apollo 12.

Biography

Early life and education

Bean was born March 15, 1932,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> in Wheeler, the seat of Wheeler County in the northeastern Texas Panhandle, to parents Arnold Horace Bean and Frances Caroline Bean (Template:Nee Murphy), who lived from 1908 to 1983, and 1906 to 1981, respectively.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He considered Fort Worth his hometown.<ref name=komo /> He was of Scottish descent.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As a boy, he lived in Minden, the seat of Webster Parish in northwestern Louisiana, where his father worked for the U.S. Soil Conservation Service.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Bean was a Boy Scout and he earned the rank of First Class.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He graduated from R. L. Paschal High School in Fort Worth, Texas, in 1949.<ref name="nmmuseum" /><ref name="nhhc">(November 16, 2016). Alan Lavern Bean. Naval History and Heritage Command</ref> Following his high school graduation in 1949, Bean enlisted in the U.S. Naval Reserve.<ref name=":0" />

Bean received a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1955, where he attended on a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) scholarship.<ref name=":0" /> While at the university, he also joined the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Military service

He was an Electronics Technician Striker at the NAS Dallas, Texas, until September 1950, when he was honorably discharged.<ref name="nhhc"/> In January 1955, Bean was commissioned a U.S. Navy ensign through the NROTC at the University of Texas at Austin, and attended flight training.<ref name="nmmuseum" /> After completing flight training in June 1956, he was assigned to Attack Squadron 44 (VA-44) at NAS Jacksonville, Florida, from 1956 to 1960, flying the F9F Cougar and A4D Skyhawk. After a four-year tour of duty,<ref>The Lunar Hall of Fame: Alan Bean Template:Webarchive</ref> he attended the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School (USNTPS) at NAS Patuxent River, Maryland, where his instructor was his future Apollo 12 Commander, Pete Conrad, graduating in November 1960.<ref name="komo">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="nhhc"/> Bean took art classes at St. Mary's College of Maryland during this tour,<ref>Bruckler, Michael (September 9, 2019). NASA Historians to Speak at St. Mary's College Template:Webarchive</ref> and flew as a test pilot on several types of naval aircraft. Following his assignment at USNTPS and aviation safety training with the University of Southern California (USC), he went through additional instruction with his old Attack Squadron 44,<ref name="nhhc"/> and was assigned to Navy Attack Squadron VA-172 at NAS Cecil Field, Florida, flying the A-4 Skyhawks, during which time he was selected as a NASA astronaut.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>

Bean logged more than 7,145 hours of flying time, including 4,890 hours in jet aircraft.<ref name="nasa-bio">Template:Cite web</ref>

NASA career

Bean was selected by NASA as part of Astronaut Group 3 in 1963 (after not being selected for Astronaut Group 2 the previous year).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He was selected to be the backup command pilot for Gemini 10, but was unsuccessful in securing an early Apollo flight assignment. He was placed in the Apollo Applications Program in the interim. In that capacity, he was the first astronaut to dive in the Neutral Buoyancy Simulator and a champion of the process for astronaut training.<ref name="notes">Template:Citation</ref> When fellow astronaut Clifton Williams was killed in an air crash, a space was opened for Bean on the backup crew for Apollo 9. Apollo 12 Commander Conrad, who had instructed Bean at the Naval Test Pilot School years before, personally requested Bean to replace Williams.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Apollo program

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Bean during suiting-up for Apollo 12 flight

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Bean on the Moon during Apollo 12

Bean was the Apollo Lunar Module pilot on Apollo 12, the second lunar landing. In November 1969, Bean and Pete Conrad landed on the Moon's Ocean of Storms—after a flight of 250,000 miles and a launch that included a harrowing lightning strike. He was the astronaut who executed John Aaron's "Flight, try SCE to 'Aux'" instruction to restore telemetry after the spacecraft was struck by lightning 36 seconds after launch, thus salvaging the mission. They explored the lunar surface, deployed several lunar surface experiments, and installed the first nuclear power generator station on the Moon to provide the power source. Dick Gordon remained in lunar orbit, photographing landing sites for future missions.<ref name="nasa-bio" />

File:(Left to right) Pete Conrad, Dick Gordon, and Al Bean pose with the Apollo 12 Saturn V.jpg

Pete Conrad, Dick Gordon, and Alan Bean pose with their Apollo 12 Saturn V Moon rocket in the background on the pad at Cape Canaveral on October 29, 1969

Bean had planned on using a self-timer for his Hasselblad camera to take a photograph of both Pete Conrad and himself while on the lunar surface near the Surveyor III spacecraft. He was hoping to record a good photo, and also to confuse the mission scientists as to how the photo could have been taken. However, neither he nor Conrad could locate the timer in the tool carrier tote bag while at the Surveyor III site, thus lost the opportunity. After finding the self-timer unit at the end of the EVA, when it was too late to use, he threw it as far as he could.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His paintings of what this photo would have looked like (titled The Fabulous Photo We Never Took) and one of his fruitless search for the timer (Our Little Secret) are included in his collection of Apollo paintings.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Bean, Alan and Chaikin, Andrew. Apollo: An Eyewitness Account, The Greenwich Workshop Press; First Edition (January 10, 1998). Template:ISBN</ref>

Bean's suit is on display in the National Air and Space Museum.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Skylab

File:Skylab 3 Bean shaving.jpg

Bean shaving during the Skylab 3 mission

Bean was the spacecraft commander of Skylab 3, the second crewed mission to Skylab, from July 29 to September 25, 1973. With him on the mission were scientist-astronaut Owen Garriott and Marine Corps Colonel Jack R. Lousma. Bean and his crew were on Skylab for 59 days, during which time they covered a world-record-setting 24.4 million miles.<ref name="nasa-bio" /> During the mission, Bean tested a prototype of the Manned Maneuvering Unit and performed one spacewalk outside the Skylab. The crew of Skylab 3 accomplished 150% of its mission goals.<ref name="nasa-bio"/>

Post-NASA career

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Bean, February 2009

On his next assignment, Bean was the backup spacecraft commander of the United States flight crew for the joint American-Russian Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.<ref name="nasa-bio"/>

Bean retired from the Navy in October 1975 as a captain, and continued as head of the Astronaut Candidate Operations and Training Group within the Astronaut Office in a civilian capacity.<ref name="nasa-bio"/><ref name="kennedy19850429">Template:Cite news</ref>

Bean logged 1,671 hours and 45 minutes in space while at NASA, of which 10 hours and 26 minutes were spent in EVAs on the Moon and in Earth orbit.<ref name="nasa-bio"/>

Painting

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Bean in his studio in 2009

Bean resigned from NASA in June 1981 to devote his time to painting. He said his decision was based on that, in his 18 years as an astronaut, he was fortunate enough to visit worlds and see sights no artist's eye, past or present, has ever viewed firsthand and he hoped to express these experiences through his art.<ref name="nmmuseum" />

As a painter, Bean wanted to add color to the Moon. "I had to figure out a way to add color to the Moon without ruining it," he remarked. In his paintings, the lunar landscape is not a monotonous gray, but shades of various colors. "If I were a scientist painting the Moon, I would paint it gray. I'm an artist, so I can add colors to the Moon", said Bean.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Bean's paintings include Lunar Grand Prix and Rock and Roll on the Ocean of Storms, and he used real Moon dust in his paintings.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> When he began painting, he realized that keepsake patches from his space suit were dirty with Moon dust. He added tiny pieces of the patches to his paintings, which made them unique. He also used a hammer, used to pound the flagpole into the lunar surface, and a bronzed Moon boot to texture his paintings.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In July 2009, for the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing, Bean exhibited his lunar paintings at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum in Washington.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal life and death

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Alan Bean museum marker in Wheeler, Texas

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Bean presents a piece of Moon rock at the Gasometer Oberhausen in March 2010

Bean took a piece of Clan MacBean tartan to the Moon.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In recognition of his Scottish ancestry, Bean stated: Template:Blockquote

He married Sue Ragsdale, a fellow graduate of the University of Texas on April 19, 1955, shortly before her graduation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> With Ragsdale, Bean had a son, Clay, and a daughter, Amy Sue.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="nasad" />

Bean died on May 26, 2018, in Houston, Texas, at the age of 86.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His death followed the sudden onset of illness two weeks before while he was in Fort Wayne, Indiana.<ref name="nasad">Template:Cite web</ref> At the time of his death, Bean was married to his second wife, Leslie, and was also survived by his sister, Paula Scott.<ref name="nasad" />

Bean was interred in Arlington National Cemetery on November 8, 2018.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Legacy

He was awarded with several awards and decorations during his career. He received the Rear Admiral William S. Parsons Award for Scientific and Technical Progress,<ref name="nasa-bio" /> the Godfrey L. Cabot Award for 1970,<ref name="nasa-bio" /> the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Trustees Award,<ref name="nasa-bio" /> the V. M. Komarov Diploma for 1973<ref name="nasa-bio" /> and the AAS Flight Achievement Award for 1974.<ref name="nasa-bio" />

Bean received the Navy Astronaut Wings, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal (twice), the NASA Distinguished Service Medal (twice), and the National Defense Service Medal with bronze star.<ref name="nhhc"/><ref name="nasa-bio" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Bean was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame in 1983,<ref name="nmmuseum" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1997,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the International Air & Space Hall of Fame in 2010,<ref>Sprekelmeyer, Linda, editor. These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame. Donning Co. Publishers, 2006. Template:ISBN.</ref> and the National Aviation Hall of Fame for 2010.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was also a fellow of the American Astronautical Society and a member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots.<ref name="nasa-bio" />

Bean received the University of Texas Distinguished Alumnus Award in 1970 and the Distinguished Engineering Graduate Award.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Bean, the first Texan to walk on the Moon, was awarded the Texas Press Associations Texan of the Year Award for 1969.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The 1973 Robert J. Collier Trophy was awarded to NASA and the Skylab crew.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Bean was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Texas Wesleyan College in 1972, and was presented an Honorary Doctorate of Engineering Science degree from the University of Akron (Ohio) in 1974.<ref name="nasa-bio" /> The city of Chicago held a parade and presented gold medals to the Skylab astronauts in 1974.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Bean was the recipient of Fédération Aéronautique Internationale's prestigious Yuri Gagarin Gold Medal for 1973 in Sydney, Australia.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1975, President Ford presented Skylab commander Gerald Carr with the Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy at a White House ceremony, on behalf of all Skylab astronauts (including Bean).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Bean was a co-recipient of AIAA's Octave Chanute Award for 1975, along with fellow Skylab 3 astronauts Jack Lousma and Owen Garriott.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2019, Northrop Grumman named the spacecraft for the NG-12 mission the S.S. Alan Bean.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In media

In the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon, Bean was portrayed by Dave Foley.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Swedish indie pop artist Stina Nordenstam has a song called "The Return of Alan Bean" on her 1991 debut album Memories of a Color.<ref>Template:AllMusic</ref> British indie rock band Hefner released a single called "Alan Bean" in 2001, writing from the perspective of Bean during Apollo 12.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> For her 2019 novel, America Was Hard to Find, American writer Kathleen Alcott based her description of the Apollo landing on interviews she conducted with Bean.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Books

• My Life As An Astronaut (1989) Template:ISBN
• Apollo: An Eyewitness Account (with Andrew Chaikin) (1998) Template:ISBN
• Into the Sunlit Splendor: The Aviation Art of William S. Phillips (with Ann Cooper, Charles S. Cooper and Wilson Hurley) (2005) Template:ISBN
• Mission Control, This is Apollo: The Story of the First Voyages to the Moon (with Andrew Chaikin) (2009) Template:ISBN
• Painting Apollo: First Artist on Another World (2009) Template:ISBN

Bean's in-flight Skylab diary is featured in Homesteading Space: the Skylab Story, a history of the Skylab program co-authored by fellow astronauts Dr. Joseph Kerwin and Dr. Owen Garriott and writer David Hitt, published in 2008.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

• List of spaceflight records
• The Astronaut Monument

Further reading

• Template:Cite web

External links

• Limited Edition Art: Prints and Canvases http://www.greenwichworkshop.com/bean/ Template:Webarchive
• Astronautix biography of Alan Bean
• Template:IMDb name
• Bean at Encyclopedia of Science
• Official publisher website for Homesteading Space