Abel Prize

The Abel Prize (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell; Template:Langx Template:IPA) is awarded annually by the King of Norway to one or more outstanding mathematicians.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It is named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel (1802–1829) and directly modeled after the Nobel Prizes;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="maa">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> as such, it is widely considered the Nobel Prize of mathematics.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It comes with a monetary award of 7.5 million Norwegian kroner (NOK, about Template:US$ in Template:Year; increased from 6 million NOK in 2019).

The Abel Prize's history dates back to 1899, when its establishment was proposed by the Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie when he learned that Alfred Nobel's plans for annual prizes would not include a prize in mathematics. In 1902, King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway indicated his willingness to finance the creation of a mathematics prize to complement the Nobel Prizes, but the establishment of the prize was prevented by the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905. It took almost a century before the prize was finally established by the Government of Norway in 2001, and it was specifically intended "to give the mathematicians their own equivalent of a Nobel Prize."<ref name="maa" /> The laureates are selected by the Abel Committee, the members of whom are appointed by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

The award ceremony takes place in the aula of the University of Oslo, where the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded between 1947 and 1989.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Abel Prize board has also established an Abel symposium, administered by the Norwegian Mathematical Society, which takes place twice a year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

History

The prize was first proposed in 1899, to be part of the celebration of the 100th anniversary of Niels Henrik Abel's birth in 1802.<ref name="History">Template:Cite web</ref> The Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie proposed establishing an Abel Prize when he learned that Alfred Nobel's plans for annual prizes would not include a prize in mathematics. King Oscar II was willing to finance a mathematics prize in 1902, and the mathematicians Ludwig Sylow and Carl Størmer drew up statutes and rules for the proposed prize. However, Lie's influence decreased after his death, and the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway in 1905 ended the first attempt to create an Abel Prize.<ref name="History" />

File:Oslo Universitet 2.jpg

The prize is awarded in the aula of the Domus Media building of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law, where the Nobel Peace Prize was formerly awarded (it is now presented in Oslo City Hall)

After interest in the concept of the prize had risen in 2001, a working group was formed to develop a proposal, which was presented to the Prime Minister of Norway in May. In August 2001, the Norwegian government announced that the prize would be awarded beginning in 2002, the two-hundredth anniversary of Abel's birth. Atle Selberg received an honorary Abel Prize in 2002, but the first actual Abel Prize was awarded in 2003.<ref name="History" /><ref>Template:MacTutor Biography</ref>

A book series presenting Abel Prize laureates and their research was commenced in 2010. The first three volumes cover the years 2003–2007, 2008–2012, and 2013–2017 respectively.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In 2019, Karen Uhlenbeck became the first woman to win the Abel Prize, with the award committee citing "the fundamental impact of her work on analysis, geometry and mathematical physics.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Bernt Michael Holmboe Memorial Prize was created in 2005. Named after Abel's teacher, it promotes excellence in teaching.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Selection criteria and funding

Anyone may submit a nomination for the Abel Prize, although self-nominations are not permitted. The nominee must be alive. If the awardee dies after being declared the winner, the prize will be awarded posthumously.

The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters declares the winner of the Abel Prize each March after recommendation by the Abel Committee, which consists of five leading mathematicians. Both Norwegians and non-Norwegians may serve on the Committee. They are elected by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and nominated by the International Mathematical Union and the European Mathematical Society.<ref name="History" /><ref name="Nomination">Template:Cite web</ref>

Funding

The Norwegian Government gave the prize an initial funding of NOK 200 million (about €21.7 million<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>) in 2001. Previously, the funding came from the Abel foundation, but today the prize is financed directly through the national budget.

The funding is controlled by the Board, which consists of members elected by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.<ref name="Nomination" /> The current board consists of Ingrid Kristine Glad (chair), Aslak Bakke Buan, Helge K. Dahle, Kristin Vinje, Cordian Riener and Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Laureates

Year	Laureate(s)	Image	Institution(s)	Citation
2003	Template:Sortname	Jean-Pierre Serre	Collège de France	"For playing a key role in shaping the modern form of many parts of mathematics, including topology, algebraic geometry and number theory."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2004	Template:Sortname	Michael Atiya	University of Edinburgh University of Cambridge	"For their discovery and proof of the index theorem, bringing together topology, geometry and analysis, and their outstanding role in building new bridges between mathematics and theoretical physics."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
	Template:Sortname	Isadore Singer	Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of California, Berkeley
2005	Template:Sortname	Peter Lax	Courant Institute (NYU)	"For his groundbreaking contributions to the theory and application of partial differential equations and to the computation of their solutions."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2006	Template:Sortname	Lennart Carleson	Royal Institute of Technology	"For his profound and seminal contributions to harmonic analysis and the theory of smooth dynamical systems."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2007	Template:Sortname	S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan	Courant Institute (NYU)	"For his fundamental contributions to probability theory and in particular for creating a unified theory of large deviation."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2008	Template:Sortname	John Griggs Thompson	University of Florida	"For their profound achievements in algebra and in particular for shaping modern group theory."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
	Template:Sortname	Jacques Tits	Collège de France
2009	Template:Sortname	Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov	Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Courant Institute (NYU)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	"For his revolutionary contributions to geometry."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2010	Template:Sortname	John Tate	University of Texas at Austin	"For his vast and lasting impact on the theory of numbers."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2011	Template:Sortname	John Milnor	Stony Brook University	"For pioneering discoveries in topology, geometry, and algebra."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2012	Template:Sortname	Endre Szemeredi	Alfréd Rényi Institute Rutgers University	"For his fundamental contributions to discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science, and in recognition of the profound and lasting impact of these contributions on additive number theory and ergodic theory."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2013	Template:Sortname	Pierre Deligne	Institute for Advanced Study	"For seminal contributions to algebraic geometry and for their transformative impact on number theory, representation theory, and related fields."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2014	Template:Sortname	Yakov G Sinai	Princeton University Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	"For his fundamental contributions to dynamical systems, ergodic theory, and mathematical physics."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2015	Template:Sortname	John Forbes Nash Jr.	Princeton University	"For striking and seminal contributions to the theory of nonlinear partial differential equations and its applications to geometric analysis."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
	Template:Sortname	Louis Nirenberg	Courant Institute (NYU)
2016	Template:Sortname	Andrew Wiles	University of Oxford<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>	"For his stunning proof of Fermat's Last Theorem by way of the modularity conjecture for semistable elliptic curves, opening a new era in number theory."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2017	Template:Sortname	Yves Meyer	École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay	"For his pivotal role in the development of the mathematical theory of wavelets."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2018	Template:Sortname	Robert Langlands	Institute for Advanced Study	"For his visionary program connecting representation theory to number theory."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2019	Template:Sortname	Karen Uhlenbeck	University of Texas at Austin	"For her pioneering achievements in geometric partial differential equations, gauge theory and integrable systems, and for the fundamental impact of her work on analysis, geometry and mathematical physics."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2020	Template:Sortname	Hillel (Harry) Furstenberg	Hebrew University of Jerusalem	"For pioneering the use of methods from probability and dynamics in group theory, number theory and combinatorics."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
	Template:Sortname	Grigory Margulis	Yale University
2021	Template:Sortname	Laszlo Lovasz	Eötvös Loránd University	"For their foundational contributions to theoretical computer science and discrete mathematics, and their leading role in shaping them into central fields of modern mathematics".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
	Template:Sortname	Avi Wigerson	Institute for Advanced Study
2022	Template:Sortname	Dennis Sullivan	Stony Brook University CUNY Graduate Center	"For his groundbreaking contributions to topology in its broadest sense, and in particular its algebraic, geometric and dynamical aspects."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2023	Template:Sortname	Luis Caffarelli	University of Texas at Austin	"For his seminal contributions to regularity theory for nonlinear partial differential equations including free-boundary problems and the Monge–Ampère equation."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2024	Template:Sortname	Michel Talagrand	Centre national de la recherche scientifique	"For his groundbreaking contributions to probability theory and functional analysis, with outstanding applications in mathematical physics and statistics."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2025	Template:Sortname	Masaki Kashiwara	Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences	"For his fundamental contributions to algebraic analysis and representation theory, in particular the development of the theory of D-modules and the discovery of crystal bases."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

• Fields Medal
• List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field
• List of mathematics awards

External links

• Template:Official website
• Official website of the Abel Symposium
• Template:MathWorld
• What is the Abel Prize? Millennium Mathematics Project & Isaac Newton Institute