1153

File:Malcolm IV, King of Scotland, charter to Kelso Abbey, 1159, initial (crop Malcolm IV).jpg

King Malcolm IV (Virgo) (1141–1165)

Year 1153 (MCLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

• Spring – Andronikos I Komnenos, son of Isaac Komnenos, is imprisoned in the imperial palace for conspiring against his uncle, Emperor Manuel I (Komenenos) at Constantinople.

Levant

• August 19 – Siege of Ascalon: King Baldwin III of Jerusalem captures Ascalon, the last Fatimid fortress in Palestine. The citizens are allowed to leave in peace and return to Egypt.
• Raynald of Châtillon, a French nobleman, marries Constance of Antioch (after given permission by Baldwin III) and becomes Prince of Antioch.

Britain

• Spring – The 19-year-old Henry II of England lands with a Norman fleet (some 40 ships) on the south coast of England. He defeats King Stephen (a cousin of his mother, Queen Matilda) with a small army at Malmesbury. Henry travels north through the Midlands, while a temporary truce is accepted. Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester, announces his support for the cause. Hoping to dethrone Stephen and replace him with Matilda.<ref>Bradbury, Jim (2009). Stephen and Matilda: The Civil War of 1139–53, p. 180. Stroud, UK: The History Press. Template:ISBN.</ref>
• May 24 – King David I of Scotland dies after a 29-year reign at Carlisle Castle. He is succeeded by his grandson, the 12-year-old Malcolm IV (Virgo). Malcolm is the eldest son of Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon, who is crowned as ruler of Scotland at Scone Priory on May 27. Because of his young age, Donnchad (or Duncan) becomes Malcolm's regent and royal adviser.<ref>Duncan, A.A.M. (2002). The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence, p. 71. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. Template:ISBN.</ref>
• August – Stephen assemble troops to renew the siege of Wallingford Castle in a final attempt to take the stronghold. Henry of Anjou marches south to relieve the siege, arriving with a small army of mercenaries. He places Stephen's besieging troops under siege themselves. Stephen agrees to make a truce and accepts Henry as heir to the English throne.<ref>Bradbury, Jim (2009). Stephen and Matilda: The Civil War of 1139–53, p. 183. Stroud, UK: The History Press. Template:ISBN.</ref>
• November 6 – The Treaty of Wallingford: Henry of Anjou and Stephen ratify the terms of a permanent peace under the direction of Archbishop Theobald of Bec. Ending the civil war (The Anarchy) – between England and Normandy after 18-years. The treaty grants the throne to Stephen for the duration of his life, but makes Henry the heir apparent.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Europe

• Confronted with important financial difficulty due to the expenses of the Spanish crusade, the Republic of Genoa has to sell a third of the city of Tortosa (which they had conquered in 1148 during an expedition against the Almoravids) to Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona.<ref name="genoese crusade">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Asia

• February 10 – Taira no Tadamori dies after a career in which he has used his military and diplomatic skills to subdue the pirates menacing commerce in the Seto Inland Sea. He expands trade with China and becomes the first samurai to serve Emperor Konoe as personal bodyguard. He is succeeded by his son Taira no Kiyomori, who assumes control of the Taira Clan. He establishes the first samurai-dominated government in Japan.

Africa

• King Roger II sends a Sicilian expedition under Admiral Philip of Mahdia to conquer Ifriqiya. With the support of Muslim troops, the Siculo-Normans suppress a rebellion on Djerba and invade the Kerkennah Islands.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

By topic

Demography

• Estimation: Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire, becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Merv in the Seljuk Empire.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Religion

• July 8 – Pope Eugene III dies after a 8-year pontificate at Tivoli. He is succeeded by Anastasius IV as the 168th pope of the Catholic Church.
• Dhovemi, ruler of the Maldives, converts to Islam and adopts the Muslim title of Sultan Muhammad ibn Abdullah.

Births

• August 17 – William IX, count of Poitiers (d. 1156)
• Abu Mohammed Salih, Almohad Sufi leader (d. 1234)
• Aimery of Cyprus (or Amaury), king of Jerusalem (d. 1205)
• Alexios III (Angelos), Byzantine emperor (d. 1211)
• Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair, Irish king (d. 1224)
• Fujiwara no Kanefusa, Japanese nobleman (d. 1217)
• Harvey I of Léon, Breton nobleman and knight (d. 1203)
• Ibn Hammad, Hammadid historian and writer (d. 1230)
• Kamo no Chōmei, Japanese author and poet (d. 1216)
• Marco I Sanudo, duke of the Archipelago (d. 1227)
• Nerses of Lambron, Armenian archbishop (d. 1198)
• Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford (d. 1217)
• Sibylla of Acerra, queen and regent of Sicily (d. 1205)
• Waleran de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Warwick (d. 1204)
• William II (the Good), king of Sicily (d. 1189)

Deaths

• January 28 – Pelagius of Oviedo, Spanish bishop
• February 10 – Taira no Tadamori, Japanese samurai (b. 1096)
• April 16 – Piotr Włostowic, Polish nobleman (b. 1080)
• May 22 – Atto of Pistoia, Portuguese bishop (b. 1070)
• May 24 – David I, king of Scotland (b. 1084)
• June 12 – Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick
• June 29 – Óláfr Guðrøðarson, king of the Isles
• July 8 – Eugene III, pope of the Catholic Church
• August 16 – Bernard de Tremelay, French Grand Master
• August 17 – Eustace IV, count of Boulogne (b. 1130)
• August 20 – Bernard of Clairvaux, French abbot (b. 1090)
• September 3 – Henry I, German archbishop (b. 1080)
• October 14 – Henry Murdac, English archbishop
• December 16 – Ranulf de Gernon, Norman nobleman (b. 1099)
• Al-Shahrastani, Persian scholar and historian (b. 1086)
• Anna Komnene, Byzantine princess and historian (b. 1083)
• Gampopa, Tibetan Buddhist monk and teacher (b. 1079)
• Shaykh Tabarsi, Persian Shia scholar and writer (b. 1073)
• Simon II de Senlis, 4th Earl of Huntingdon (b. 1098)
• Walter Espec, Norman nobleman and High Sheriff