1025
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Year 1025 (MXXV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]- January 21 – Chifuru, daughter of powerful Japanese court official Fujiwara no Sanesuke (rival of Fujiwara no Michinaga) has her mogi ceremony. Sanesuke wants to make his daughter an imperial consort which causes the dislike of Empress Ishi (daughter of Michinaga) – eventually Kampaku (Regent) Fujiwara no Yorimichi prevents it.
- February 25 – (23 Dhu l-Hijja 415 AH) In the Fatimid Caliphate, Badr al-Dawla Nafidh leads a group of Egyptian soldiers and white slave soldiers from Cairo to end a black slave rebellion in the famine-stricken Egyptian capital, Fustat.<ref>Yaacov Lev, Administration of Justice in Medieval Egypt: From the 7th to the 12th Century (Edinburgh University Press, 2020) p.166</ref>
- February – In what was the Kingdom of Israel, Fath al-Qal'i, the Fatimid Governor of Jerusalem, and Anushtakin al-Dizbari, the Governor of Palestine, make a successful assault on Ramla against Hassan ibn Mufarrij al-Jarrah, the leader of the Jarrahids of Syria.
- March 6 – In the Duchy of Aquitaine in France, the Aquitanian barons and prelates meet at Maillezais, to discuss the claims by William the Fat, son of the Duke of Aquitaine Guillaume le Grand (William the Great) to rule the vacant throne of the Kingdom of Italy (primarily Lombardy and Tuscany) within the Holy Roman Empire.<ref name=Fulk>B. S. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra, the Neo-Roman Consul, 987–1040: A Political Biography of the Angevin Count (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993) pp.173-175</ref> The title is eventually claimed by Conrad the Salic.
- March 7 – Herbert I, Count of Maine, is imprisoned at Saintes after being lured there by Fulk III, Count of Anjou, who had promised to reward Herbert with control of Saintes.<ref name=Fulk/> Herbert is held captive for two years before other nobles force his release.
- April 18 – Bolesław I the Brave is crowned in Gniezno as the first King of Poland. He takes advantage of the interregnum in Germany (see 1024) and receives permission for his coronation from Pope John XIX; however, he dies 60 days later.
- May – Ishoyahb IV, the unpopular Nicene Christian Patriarch of the Church of the East, dies in Baghdad after a five-year reign, leaving a vacancy that will not be filled until 1028.<ref>David Wilmshurst, The Martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East (East & West Publishing Limited, 2011) p.201</ref>
- June 17 – Mieszko II Lambert becomes the second King of Poland after the sudden death of his father, King Bolesław I the Brave<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- September – At the urging of Queen Constance of Arles, the three sons of King Robert II of France ("the Pious") revolt against their father – Hugh Magnus (heir and co-king), Henry I and Robert I, Duke of Burgundy start a civil war over power.
- December 15 – Byzantine Emperor Basil II ("Bulgar Slayer") dies in Constantinople after a 50-year reign. Never married, he is succeeded by his brother and co-emperor Constantine VIII, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. Constantine calls the Sicilian invasion off. Catapan Basil Boioannes diverts the Byzantine expeditionary force already assembled on Calabria, to join the siege of Capua.
- December 25 – Mieszko II Lambert, son of Bolosław I, is formally crowned as king of Poland by the Archbishop Hippolytus in Gniezno Cathedral.
By place
[edit]Africa
[edit]- Emir Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis of the Zirid dynasty in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) attempts to retake Sicily but is unsuccessful.<ref>Meynier, Gilbert (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte. p.50.</ref>
Asia
[edit]- Srivijaya, a Buddhist kingdom based in Sumatra, is attacked by Emperor Rajendra I of the Chola dynasty of southern India in a dispute over trading rights in Southeast Asia. It survives but declines in importance.
- Completion and publishing of Avicenna's Canon of Medicine.
- Japanese Kampaku (Regent) Fujiwara no Yorimichi holds horse racing at his mansion; the emperor attends.
Births
[edit]- August 28 – Go-Reizei, Japanese emperor (d. 1068)
- Agnes of Poitou, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1077)
- Anna Dalassene, Byzantine empress and regent
- Edith of Wessex, English queen (approximate date)
- Elisaveta Yaroslavna of Kiev, Norwegian queen
- Gerald of Sauve-Majeure, French abbot (d. 1095)
- Gertrude of Poland, Grand Princess of Kiev (d. 1108)
- John Italus, Byzantine philosopher (d. 1090)
- John of Lodi, Italian hermit and bishop (d. 1106)
- Lothair Udo II, German margrave (d. 1082)
- Nong Zhigao, Vietnamese chieftain of Nong
- Ruben I, Armenian prince (approximate date)
- Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Swabia (d. 1080)
- Simon I, French nobleman (approximate date)
- Tora Torbergsdatter, Norwegian Viking queen
- William VIII, French nobleman (approximate date)
Deaths
[edit]- April 25 – Fujiwara no Seishi, Japanese empress consort (b. 972)
- May – Musharrif al-Dawla, Buyid emir of Iraq (b. 1003)
- June 17 – Bolesław I the Brave, king of Poland (b. 967)
- August 10 – Burchard of Worms, German bishop and writer
- August 11 – Kanshi, Japanese princess consort
- c. August 30 – Fujiwara no Kishi, Japanese crown princess, posthumously named empress, mother of Emperor Go-Reizei (b. 1007)
- September 17 – Hugh Magnus, king of France (b. 1007)
- September 29 – Louis I, count of Chiny and Verdun
- November
- Koshikibu no Naishi, Japanese waka poet and lady-in-waiting (b. c.999)
- Matilda, countess palatine of Lotharingia (b. 979)
- December 15 – Basil II, Byzantine emperor (b. 958)
- December 22 – Wang Qinruo, Chinese chancellor
- December – Eustathius of Constantinople, Byzantine patriarch
- Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad, Muslim theologian (b. 935)
- Mhic Mac Comhaltan Ua Cleirigh, Irish king
- Sabur ibn Ardashir, Persian statesman (b. 942)
- Watanabe no Tsuna, Japanese samurai (b. 953)