Los Cerrillos, New Mexico
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Los Cerrillos is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. It is part of the Santa Fe, New Mexico Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 229 at the 2000 census. Accessible from State Highway 14 or The Turquoise Trail, Cerrillos is on the road from Santa Fe to Albuquerque, closer to Santa Fe. There are several shops and galleries, a post office, and the Cerrillos Hills State Park, which has five miles of hiking trails. The Cerrillos Turquoise Mining Museum contains hundreds of artifacts from the American Old West and the Cerrillos Mining District. It also displays cardboard cutouts of characters from the film Young Guns and information on other movies which have been filmed in and around Cerrillos.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
History
[edit]The first, confirmable human presence on the Galisteo River occurred around 10,500 years ago. Over the centuries, both large and small communities spread throughout the Galisteo Basin.<ref name="Timeline">Template:Cite web</ref> Archeological evidence of pre-Columbian human inhabitants includes pottery, vases, cups, eating and cooking utensils, stone hammers, wedges, mauls, and religious items.<ref name="Chalchuitl">Template:Cite book</ref>
The Ancestral Puebloans began mining Cerrillos turquoise in approximately 700-900 AD.<ref name="Timeline"/><ref name="CHS">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Hayward">Template:Cite book</ref> Evidence of established long-term settlements, dating back to the 13th century, includes pit-house villages. In the 14th century, there was increased upheaval and conflict between communities, including the burning of the Burnt Corn Ruin. During the 15th century, an influx of Apache and Navajo in the Galisteo Basin influenced and impacted the Puebloans. By the time Francisco Vázquez de Coronado arrived in the region, circa 1540–42, a number of indigenous settlements were abandoned.<ref name="Timeline"/>
Mining in the Cerrillos Hills continued with the arrival of Spanish colonizers. The Native peoples were used for slave labor to mine these materials out of the hills under Spanish colonial rule.<ref name="Chalchuitl"/> In 1581, the Spanish identified lead-silver deposits in “Sierra de San Mateo,” the modern Cerrillos Hills. At the turn of the 17th century, the Spanish permanently settled in the area. During the 1660s, however, a drought put economic pressure on the Spanish, while Puebloans abandoned settlements and Plains Indians conducted raids.<ref name="Timeline"/>
A Spanish explorer, Antonio de Espejo, wrote about these treasures being mined at a place of “little hills." This is the source of Cerrillos' name.Template:Citation needed
In 1680, a landslide occurred in the hills, causing mines to cave in and bury about 25 miners. When the Spanish attempted to restart mining operations, the Native workers revolted.<ref name="Timeline"/><ref name="Hayward"/> Around 1695-1696 Diego de Vargas appointed Alonso Rael de Aguilar as alcalde of the mining camp El Real de Los Cerrillos.<ref name="CHS"/> However, tumultuous events in the late 17th century – drought, small pox, and ongoing raids – effectively ended Native turquoise mining. The Tewa people left the area, though there were efforts in the early 18th century to repopulate with reassembled Tanos.<ref name="Timeline"/>
During the 18th century, the Spanish continued to register land grants and mine claims in the area. The earliest well-documented Spanish mine claim was registered in 1709 by General Don Juan de Ulibarri. After Mexican Independence, restrictions on foreign visitors in New Mexico were lifted in 1821, increasing trade. Following the end of the Mexican–American War in 1848, the US Government manipulated land grants to make it easier for Anglo-Americans to purchase land. Between 1846 and 1869, the Cerrillos Hills were claimed by the Baca y Delgado Family Land Grant. In 1870, the US Government rejected the family's grant claim and made the land available for public purchase.<ref name="Timeline"/>
In 1871, Stephen B. Elkins purchased 606 acres of US Government land located along the Galisteo River. He planned to build a mining town on the railroad.<ref name="HMdb">Template:Cite web</ref> In the same year, Elkins gained ownership of the Ortiz Mining Grant, which contained coal deposits. Frank Dimmick and Robert Hart registered their Bonanza #3 claim in the Cerrillos Hills on January 15, 1879.<ref name="CHS"/> The two Colorado miners set up camp and by 1880 there were five camps with a combined population of between 1,200 and 1,500 people.<ref name="Hayward"/> Further discovery of precious metal deposits led to increased immigration and an economic boom.<ref name="Chalchuitl"/> Eventually, there were over 2,000 Territorial mines established in the hills. March 8, 1880 was declared Cerrillos Founder's Day. In addition to turquoise, the mines produced gold, copper, silver, galena, manganese, and iron.<ref name="CHS"/>
Cerrillos Station was connected to the railway on February 15, 1880.<ref name="HMdb"/> The main line of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway ran within only three miles of Los Cerrillos.<ref name="Chalchuitl"/> The rapid growth of Cerrillos gave opportunities to people who moved in. During the 1880s, the rate of development increased around Cerrillos Station and saloons, a school, churches, stores, and hotels were built.<ref name="CHS"/>
In either 1899<ref name="CHS"/> or 1901,<ref name="HMdb"/> electricity was first supplied to the town of Cerillos by the Cochiti Gold Mining Company electric plant in Madrid, New Mexico. Telephone lines arrived in 1905.<ref name="CHS"/><ref name="HMdb"/> By 1900, the mines began to shut down.Template:Citation needed The population of the area dwindled during the Great Depression and World War II.<ref name="HMdb"/> In 1961, the Cerrillos primary school was closed due to shrinking enrollment and financial difficulties.<ref name="CHS"/>
Today, only a few of the buildings from Cerrillos' boom remain. Some of the buildings still show evidence of past movies filmed ("Young Guns" and "Outrageous Fortune") on Main Street.Template:Citation needed In January 2000, Santa Fe County purchased 1,116 acres of the Cerrillos Hills and created the Santa Fe County Cerrillos Hills Historic Park. In 2009, the park was renamed Cerrillos Hills State Park.<ref name="CHS"/>
Geography
[edit]Los Cerrillos is referred to as Cerrillos by local residents.<ref>See, for example, the sign over the door at File:Cerrillos store.jpg, in infobox.</ref>
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of Template:Convert, all land.
Demographics
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As of the census<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> of 2000, there were 229 people, 111 households, and 59 families residing in the CDP. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 129 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the CDP was 79.04% White, 0.44% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 16.16% from other races, and 3.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 50.66% of the population.
There were 111 households, out of which 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.3% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.8% were non-families. 41.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.83.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 17.9% under the age of 18, 2.2% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 33.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and over, there were 106.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $13,661, and the median income for a family was $31,161. Males had a median income of $30,446 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,215. About 25.9% of families and 18.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen or sixty-five or over.
Education
[edit]It is within Santa Fe Public Schools.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
It is zoned to Amy Biehl Elementary School, Milagro Middle School, and Santa Fe High School.<ref>Template:Cite web </ref>
Previously it was zoned to Capital High School.<ref>Template:Cite web - Note the inset overall map of the district that shows the high school zones relative to the wider area.</ref> In 2017 the district recommended changing the boundary of the area to Santa Fe High.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Harris, Linda G., Ghost Towns Alive, University of New Mexico Press, 2003
Sherman, James E. and Barbara, Ghost Towns and Mining Camps of New Mexico, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University, 1975
Simmons, Marc, Turquoise and Six Guns The Story of Cerrillos, New Mexico, The Sunstone Press Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1974
Lawson, Jacqueline E., Cerrillos Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow The Story of a Won't –Be Ghost Town, The Sunstone Press Santa Fe New Mexico, 1989
External links
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Template:Santa Fe County, New Mexico Template:Authority control