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Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico

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Santa Clara Pueblo (in Tewa: Khaʼpʼoe Ówîngeh [xɑ̀ʔp’òː ʔówîŋgè]) "Singing Water Village", also known as "Village of Wild Roses"<ref>Puye Cliff Dwellings - About Santa Clara Pueblo</ref> is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States and a federally recognized tribe of Native American Pueblo people.

The pueblo is a member of the Eight Northern Pueblos, and the people are from the Tewa ethnic group of Native Americans who speak the Rio Grande Tewa language. The pueblo is on the Rio Grande, between Ohkay Owingeh (formerly San Juan Pueblo) to the north and San Ildefonso Pueblo (P'ohwhóge Owingeh) to the south.

Santa Clara Pueblo is famous for producing hand-crafted pottery, specifically blackware and redware with deep engravings. The pueblo is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography

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Santa Clara Pueblo is located approximately 1.5 miles south of Española on NM 30.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 kmTemplate:Sup), all land.

Demographics

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Template:US Census population

The 2010 census found that 1,018 people lived in the CDP,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> while 1,182 people in the United States reported being exclusively Santa Claran<ref>Census 2010 American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File (AIANSF) - Sample Data, Pueblo of Santa Clara alone (H58)</ref> and 1,425 people reported being Santa Claran exclusively or in combination with another group.<ref>Census 2010 American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File (AIANSF) - Sample Data, Pueblo of Santa Clara alone or in any combination (H58) & (100-299) or (300, A01-Z99) or (400-999)</ref> Template:Clear left

History

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File:Santa Clara Pueblos - NARA - 523835.tif

Tewa people lived in the Pueblo area for millennia before they met Spanish conquistador Juan de Oñate and his exploration party on July 11, 1598.<ref name="newmexicohistory.org">Template:Cite web</ref> Pueblo archaeology shows that Ancestral Puebloans lived in the general region as far back as 1200 BC.

First visited in 1541, a segment of Francisco Coronado's expeditionary force met with the residents of the nearby Caypa Pueblo. After annexation of the region into the Spanish Kingdom, and as part of the 1601 expansion of Oñate's colonial capital,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a chapel was built there by 1617. Fray Alonso de Benavides established a mission in 1628.<ref name="newmexicohistory.org"/> The mission was abandoned on the lead up to the Great Pueblo Revolt of 1680.

This Pueblo joined forces with others nearby and fought against the Spanish Royal Government in 1680 in the revolt. The original and unoccupied chapel was destroyed. Two other chapel buildings would be constructed there. The current church replaced the former in 1918.

In 1782, a smallpox outbreak decimated the population. The eighth section of the Act of July 22, 1854, mandated a census of the newly acquired possessions of the US government. In review of the land's title, the pueblo presented a Spanish Royal decree dated October 15, 1713, that the title to land and various pueblos could be expected. Though lost, the decree on the title papers assured protection of the pueblos' right to protection of their homelands from encroachment. The result of the title research led this Pueblo community to be of the first recognized by United States Congress.

Education

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It is in the Española Public Schools district.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The comprehensive public high school is Española Valley High School.

There is a Bureau of Indian Education (BIE)-affiliated tribal elementary school,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Kha'p'o Community School, in Santa Clara Pueblo.<ref>Template:Cite web - While the address says "Espanola", the school is in Santa Clara Pueblo (see US Census Bureau map for 2020)</ref>

Arts

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File:Santa Clara Pueblo Pottery making 1916.jpg
Pottery making at Santa Clara Pueblo, 1916

Among the arts practiced at Santa Clara Pueblo, pottery is one of the most well-known.<ref name=":0" /> Traditionally, pottery was made primarily by girls and women, and while many potters today are women, there are many men who make pottery as well. Santa Clara Pueblo potters are known for their black polished and red polished pottery in a distinctive style, especially the use of incised work. "Knife-wing" or eagle feather designs are common on Santa Clara pottery<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>National Park Service, Santa Clara Pueblo accessed 2010-05-26</ref><ref>Indian Pueblo Cultural Center, Santa Clara Pueblo Template:Webarchive accessed 2010-05-26</ref> There are a number of well-known ceramic artists from Santa Clara. Four approaches are used in the decoration of the majority of Santa Clara Pueblo ceramics: painted designs, impressed patterns, incised designs, and resist-firing with incised or sgraffito designs.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref>

Notable tribal members and residents

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File:Awanyu pot.jpg
Double-handled Santa Clara bowl with Awanyu design, by Florence Browning, 1996

See also

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References

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Template:Indigenous Peoples of New Mexico Template:Indian reservations in New Mexico Template:Rio Arriba County, New Mexico Template:National Register of Historic Places

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