Grafton, New Hampshire

Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox settlement Grafton is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,385 at the 2020 census.<ref name="Census 2020"/>

History

Originally granted in 1761, and re-granted in 1769, Grafton, like the county it resides in, takes its name from Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> a relative of colonial governor Benning Wentworth. Grafton was incorporated in 1778.

Historically, Grafton's economic base consisted of subsistence farming, small-scale industry, and mining. Several mica mines and granite quarries once dotted the town's landscape, most notably Ruggles Mine.

• The United Mica Company operated this mill between 1909 and 1916. Image Template:Circa
  The United Mica Company operated this mill between 1909 and 1916. Image Template:Circa
• In continuous operation since the 1840s, this store is now known as the Grafton Country Store. Image Template:Circa.
  In continuous operation since the 1840s, this store is now known as the Grafton Country Store. Image Template:Circa.
• Grafton Center Template:Circa
  Grafton Center Template:Circa

Geography

The town is in western New Hampshire, on the southern edge of Grafton County. It is bordered to the south by Sullivan County and to the southeast by Merrimack County. U.S. Route 4 is the main road through the town, leading southeast to Andover and Concord and northwest to Canaan and Lebanon. New Hampshire Route 4A crosses the southwest corner of the town.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert are land and Template:Convert are water, comprising 2.20% of the town.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021"/> The majority of the town is drained to the east by the Smith River, a tributary of the Pemigewasset River and part of the Merrimack River watershed, while the western side of the town drains by several brooks toward the Mascoma River, a tributary of the Connecticut.<ref name=watershed>Template:Cite book</ref> The highest point in Grafton is the summit of Melvin Mountain, at Template:Convert above sea level in the northeastern part of town. Grafton Pond is in the western part of town.

Demographics

Template:US Census population As of the census of 2010, there were 1,340 people, 564 households, and 372 families residing in the town. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 839 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the town was 96.7% White, 0.3% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% some other race, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.<ref name="Census 2010">Template:Cite web</ref>

There were 564 households, out of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were headed by married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% consisted of someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38, and the average family size was 2.84.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.8% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 36.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.1 males.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

At the 2000 census, the median income for a household in the town was $38,654, and the median income for a family was $41,875. Males had a median income of $30,074 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,944. About 4.2% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.0% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Grafton is governed by a three-person select board.

Politics

Grafton County, within which the town of Grafton resides, ranks number 100 in terms of highest property taxes levied in the United States.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As of 2019, the town of Grafton itself has the 16th highest property tax rate in the state of New Hampshire.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Education

Grafton is in the Mascoma Valley Regional School District.<ref name=SDMap2020Census>Template:Cite map - Text list</ref>

Free Town Project

Template:See also In 2004, Grafton became the focus for Libertarians as part of the Free Town Project (a single-town version of the Free State Project). One of the goals was to advocate for legal changes.<ref name="vox">Template:Cite news</ref> Grafton's appeal as a favorable destination was due to its absence of zoning laws and a then-low property tax rate.<ref name="newrepublic">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="vox" /> John Babiarz, a Grafton resident and prominent member of the Libertarian Party, encouraged libertarian people to move there.<ref name="atavist">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

During this time, the town's population grew by about 200 people (about 20%); nearly all of the newcomers were men.<ref name="newrepublic" /> Project participants did not find themselves as welcome as they had hoped, but they voted in changes including a 30% reduction in the town's already small budget.<ref name="newrepublic" /> This resulted in eliminating funding to the county's senior-citizens council, town offices going unheated during the winter, poorly maintained roads filled with potholes, and the Grafton Police Department being reduced to one officer (the police chief), who said he was unable to answer calls for service as the town had no money to repair the one police vehicle left.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Other issues were inconsistent basic public services, such as trash collection.<ref name="atavist" /><ref name="newrepublic" /> The libertarian newcomers additionally increased the town's costs by filing lawsuits against it in attempts to set various legal precedents.<ref name="newrepublic" />

bear on top of an all-metal dumpster

Example of a bear-resistant trash container, with an American black bear climbing on top of it. Some libertarian newcomers to Grafton refused to buy bear-resistant containers.

The project has been associated with an increase in the number and aggressiveness of black bears in town, including entering homes, mauling people, and eating pets.<ref name="newrepublic" /> A single, definitive cause for the abnormal behavior of the bears has not been proven, but it may be due to libertarian residents who refuse to buy and use bear-resistant containers, who do not dispose of waste materials (such as feces) safely, or who deliberately put out food to attract the bears to their own yards, without caring how this affected other people.<ref name="newrepublic" />

After a rash of lawsuits from Free Towners, an influx of sex offenders, an increase of crime, problems with bold local bears, and the first murders in the town's history, the Libertarian project ended in 2016.<ref name="vox" /><ref name="newrepublic" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Notable people

• Monroe Heath (1827–1894), mayor of Chicago from 1876 to 1879
• Myra Belle Martin (1861–1936), teacher, writer, financier in late 19th century and early 20th century
• Cyrus A. Sulloway (1839–1917), congressman

Sites of interest

• Ruggles Mine

External links

• Template:Commons category-inline
• Template:Official website
• New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile