Starkville, Mississippi
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Starkville is a city in and the county seat of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, Starkville's population is 24,360, making it the 16th-most populated city in Mississippi.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Starkville is the largest city in the Golden Triangle, which had a population of 175,474 in 2020, and the principal city of the Starkville-Columbus, MS CSA. Founded in 1831, the city was originally known as Boardtown for the local sawmilling operation there, but was renamed in 1837 to honor American Revolutionary War general John Stark.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Starkville is adjacent to and closely associated with Mississippi State University, which was founded as the state's flagship land-grant research university in 1878. The university was located near Starkville in the Mississippi Black Belt due to the region's agricultural productivity, particularly in the timber, cattle, and dairying industries. The expansion of the university transformed Starkville from a primarily agricultural center into a college town, and its economy today is mostly centered around advanced research and manufacturing, retail, and tourism supported by the university population. The Cotton District, developed in the 1960s as North America's first New Urbanist community, is an active student quarter located between downtown Starkville and the university campus.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
History
[edit]The Starkville area has been inhabited for over 2,100 years. Artifacts in the form of clay pot fragments and artwork dating from that time period have been found east of Starkville at the Herman Mound and Village site, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The village site can be accessed from the Indian Mound Campground. The earthwork mounds were made by early Native Americans of moundbuilder cultures as part of their religious and political cosmology.
Shortly before the American Revolutionary War period, the area was inhabited by the Choccuma (or Chakchiuma) tribe. They were annihilated about that time by a rare alliance between the Choctaw and Chickasaw peoples.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Early 19th century
[edit]The modern European-American settlement of the Starkville area was started after the Choctaw inhabitants of Oktibbeha County surrendered their claims to land in the area in the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek in 1830. Most of the Native Americans of the Southeast were forced west of the Mississippi River during the 1830s and Indian Removal.
White settlers were drawn to the Starkville area because of two large springs near the old part of the town, which Native Americans had used for thousands of years. A mill on the Big Black River southwest of town produced clapboards, giving the town its original name, Boardtown in 1834. The first court met in 1834 under a large tree. In 1835, when Boardtown was established as the county seat of Oktibbeha County, it was renamed as Starkville in honor of Revolutionary War hero General John Stark.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A log courthouse and a one-room jailhouse were constructed in 1835. The jailhouse was unusual in that it had no doors or windows. Prisoners were made to climb a ladder to the roof and then let down through a trap door using a rope.<ref name="CL 1955">Template:Cite news</ref>
The first newspaper was founded in 1847. Originally titled The Starkville Whig, it was later renamed The Broad Ax.<ref name="CL 1955" />
Reconstruction to the 20th century
[edit]In 1865, during reconstruction, the officer in charge of Starkville allowed a black man accused of raping a white girl to be lynched by running him down with hounds.<ref name="Reconstruction Browne">Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1875 a fire destroyed 52 buildings. The entire business district was destroyed.<ref name="CL 1955" />
A carpetbagger named McLaughlin, who served as the local head of the Freedmen's Bureau, assisted in the establishment of a black Methodist church and established a cooperative store for blacks in his home. This enraged the white citizens so the Klan attacked the store.<ref name="RIOC">Template:Cite web</ref>
On May 5, 1879, two black men who had been accused of burning a barn, Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer, were taken from the jail by a mob of men and hung from crossties of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad.<ref name="Negroes Lynched">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="BarnBurners">Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1888, a mob hanged an African-American man, Eli Bryant, for an alleged attack on a white woman.<ref name="Eli Bryant">Template:Cite news</ref>
Several newspapers were founded in this time period, including The Starkville News in 1891. Early banks included The Peoples Bank in 1889 and Security State Bank in 1896.<ref name="CL 1955" />
A yellow fever epidemic in 1898 resulted in a quarantine of Starkville's railroads by the towns of West Point, Columbus, Artesia and Kosciusko. This resulted in a depletion of medical and other supplies which ultimately resulted in intervention by the state.<ref name="Yellow Fever Constitution">Template:Cite news</ref>
20th century
[edit]Before the Civil War, Colonel Montgomery imported cattle from the isle of Jersey, initiating the areas prominence as a dairy center. In 1912, the co-operative creamery was created, and in 1926 the Borden Condensary was established.<ref name="CL 1955" />
In April 1912, Gabe (sometimes reported as Abe) Coleman, an African-American man was accused of attacking a farmer's wife and was shot to death by a mob. Nine men were tried for the murder.<ref name="Denied Bail">Template:Cite news</ref> In February 1912, another African-American man, Mann Hamilton, was murdered by a mob for allegedly attacking a woman.<ref name="Public Hangings">Template:Cite web</ref> Following an incident in which whites fired into a Republican Meeting at a church in Chapel Hill, Mississippi, killing a black man, a group of black men planned a march in Starkville. They were met at a bridge near the A & M dairy barn by white men from Starkville and West Point armed with cannon loaded with buckshot and iron.<ref name="Reconstruction part VI">Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1915, two African-American men, Dit Seals and Peter Bolen,<ref name="Two on scaffold">Template:Cite news</ref> were hanged in a public execution while a crowd of 5,000, including blacks and whites, and children watched and sang There is a Land of Pure Delight. The crowd ate lunch while the execution was being conducted. Vendors were on hand selling popcorn, soda pop and sandwiches. The men had been convicted of killing Willie Taylor, an African-American porter on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. The story was widely reported as a "gala hanging" sponsored by the merchants of Starkville by various newspapers including the New York World and Chicago Tribune, while the Detroit Times described it as little better than a lynching.<ref name="Literary Digest">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Hanging Picnic">Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1922, Starkville was the site of a large rally of the Ku Klux Klan.<ref name="KK">Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1926 the Borden Condensery was established, the first condensery in the southern U.S. At the time, Starkville was served by two railroads, the Illinois Central and the Mobile and Ohio.<ref name="Borden 1938">Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1970, several Black organizations organized a boycott or selective buying campaign. This was met with firebombings, and a crowd of African-Americans assembled near Henderson High School was broken up by gunfire.<ref name="American">Template:Cite news</ref>
21st century
[edit]On March 21, 2006, Starkville became the first city in Mississippi to adopt a smoking ban for indoor public places, including restaurants and bars. This ordinance went into effect on May 20, 2006.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In February 2018, Starkville denied a local LGBTQ organization a permit to host a pride parade. The organizers initiated legal action,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> after which the city reversed its decision.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The parade was held in March 2018 with almost 3,000 attendees.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Geography
[edit]According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.8 square miles (66.9 km2), of which 25.7 square miles (66.5 kmTemplate:Sup) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.4 kmTemplate:Sup) (0.58%) is water.
U.S. Route 82 and Mississippi Highways 12 and 25 are major roads through Starkville. US 82 runs east to west across the northern portion of the city as a bypass, leading east Template:Convert to Columbus and northwest Template:Convert to Eupora. Route 25 leads south Template:Convert to Louisville and Route 12 leads southwest Template:Convert to Ackerman. The nearest airport with scheduled service is Golden Triangle Regional Airport (GTR). George M. Bryan Field (KSTF) serves as Starkville's general aviation airport. There are multiple privately owned airstrips in the area.
Climate
[edit]Demographics
[edit]
2020 census
[edit]| Race | Num. | Perc. |
|---|---|---|
| White | 13,502 | 55.43% |
| Black or African American | 8,365 | 34.34% |
| Native American | 34 | 0.14% |
| Asian | 1,047 | 4.3% |
| Pacific Islander | 5 | 0.02% |
| Other/Mixed | 736 | 3.02% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 671 | 2.75% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 24,360 people, 10,092 households, and 4,895 families residing in the city.
2010 census
[edit]As of the 2010 United States Census,<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> there were 23,888 people, 9,845 households, and 4,800 families residing in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 11,767 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 58.5% white, 34.06% African American, 0.2% Native American, 3.75% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.64% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.8% of the population.
There were 9,845 households, out of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.1% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.92.
The age distribution, strongly influenced by the presence of Mississippi State, was 18.8% under 18, 29.7% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 15.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $31,357, and the median income for a family was $40,557. Males had a median income of $35,782 versus $23,711 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,787. About 19.1% of families and 33.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.3% of those under age 18 and 17.8% of those age 65 or over.
Religion
[edit]Starkville has more than 80 places of worship, which serve most religious traditions. Faculty, staff and students at Mississippi State University, including those from other nations, have greatly increased the city's diversity.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As of October 2007, approximately half (49.74%) of the residents of Starkville claim a religious affiliation; most are Christian. Of those claiming affiliation, 41.59% self-identify as Protestant, including 25% Baptist and 11% Methodist. Lower percentages identify as Catholic, Mormon, Hindu and Muslim.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Arts and culture
[edit]Cotton District
[edit]Template:Main The Cotton District is a neighborhood located in Starkville that was redeveloped as part of the new urbanism movement.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was founded in 1969<ref name="Cotton District mam">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> by Dan Camp, who was the developer, owner and property manager of much of the area.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The architecture of the Cotton District has historical elements and scale, with Greek Revival mixed with Classical or Victorian. It is a compact, walkable neighborhood that contains many restaurants and bars, in addition to thousands of unique residential units.
Libraries
[edit]The Starkville-Oktibbeha County Public Library System is headquartered at its main branch in Downtown Starkville. In addition to the local public library, the Mississippi State University Library has the largest collection in Mississippi.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Mississippi State Mitchell Memorial Library also hosts the Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Library and the Frank and Virginia Williams Collection of Lincolniana.
Government
[edit]Executive and legislative authority in the city of Starkville is respectively vested in a mayor and seven-member board of aldermen concurrently elected to four-year terms.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Since 2017 the mayor has been Lynn Spruill, a Democrat and the first female mayor elected in Starkville's history. Starkville has a strong-mayor government, with the mayor having the power to appoint city officials and veto decisions by the board of aldermen.
Starkville is split between Mississippi House districts 38 and 43,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> currently represented by Democrat Cheikh Taylor and Republican Rob Roberson. The city is similarly split between Mississippi Senate districts 15 and 16 represented by Republican Bart Williams<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Democrat Angela Turner-Ford. Starkville and Oktibbeha County are in the northern districts of the Mississippi Transportation Commission and Public Service Commission, represented by Republican John Caldwell<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Democrat Brandon Presley.
Starkville is in Mississippi's 3rd Congressional District, represented by Congressman Michael Guest.
Education
[edit]Public schools
[edit]In 1927, the city and the Rosenwald Foundation opened a pair of schools, the Rosenwald School and the Oktibbeha County Training School, later known as Henderson High School, for its African-American residents. In 1970, integration caused the merger of these schools with the white schools.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Henderson was repurposed as a junior high school, and the Rosenwald School was burned to the ground.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Until 2015, Starkville and much of the surrounding area was served by the Starkville School District (SSD) while Oktibbeha County was served by Oktibbeha County School District (OCSD). The two districts were realigned following integration in 1970 in a way that placed Starkville and majority-white, relatively affluent areas immediately outside of the city limits into SSD while the remaining portions of Oktibbeha County, which are over 90% Black, were placed into OCSD.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As a result of this disparity in the racial demographics of the two districts, Oktibbeha County was placed under a Federal desegregation order.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Previous attempts to consolidate the two districts during the 1990s and in 2010 had been unsuccessful, but following an act of the Mississippi Legislature the two were consolidated in 2015.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Contrary to predictions, the public schools experienced an inflow of students from private schools when the predominantly white Starkville School district merged with the predominantly black Oktibbeha schools.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The schools continue to operate under a Federal desegregation order.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The following schools of the Starkville Oktibbeha Consolidated School District are located in Starkville:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Sudduth Elementary (grades K-1)
- Henderson Ward Stewart Elementary (grades 2–4)
- Overstreet Elementary (grade 5)
- Partnership Middle School (grades 6–7)
- Armstrong Junior High School (grades 8–9)
- Starkville High School (grades 10–12)
- Emerson Preschool
- Millsaps Career & Technology Center
In 2015 it was announced that SOCSD and Mississippi State University would cooperate in establishing a partnership school. The school will be for all grade 6 and 7 students in Oktibbeha County and will be located on the Mississippi State University campus. The school will serve as an instructional site for students and faculty of Mississippi State University's College of Education, and as a one-of-a-kind rural education research center.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Construction on the partnership school began in spring 2017.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The school opened in August 2020.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Prior to integration, African-American students in Starkville attended the historic Henderson High School. The school was later re-purposed as Starkville School District's junior high school and is now an elementary school.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Private schools
[edit]Private schools in Starkville include:
- Starkville Academy, founded 1969
- Starkville Christian School, founded 1996
Starkville Academy has been described as a segregation academy.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Despite fears that the consolidation of the Starkville and Oktibbeha County school districts in 2015 would lead to additional White flight to private schools, district consolidation actually resulted in decreased enrollment at area private schools as more white parents living in Oktibbeha County opted to enroll their children in the consolidated district.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Tertiary education and libraries
[edit]
Mississippi State University is partially in the Starkville city limits, and partially in the Mississippi State census-designated place.<ref>Template:Cite web
Template:Cite web</ref>
East Mississippi Community College is the designated community college for the county,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but does not operate facilities in it.
Starkville-Oktibbeha County Public Library System maintains the Starkville Library.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Media
[edit]Newspapers
[edit]- The Starkville Daily News
- The Reflector (MSU Student Newspaper)
- The Starkville Dispatch (a localized edition of The Commercial Dispatch)
Radio
[edit]- WMSV (Mississippi State Radio Station)
- WMAB (Public Radio)
- WMSU
- WQJB
- WMXU
- WJZB
- WSMS
- WSSO (WSSO was Starkville's first radio station, first broadcasting in 1949 at 250W on 1230 AM)
Television
[edit]Magazines
[edit]- Town and Gown Magazine
Notable people
[edit]Template:See also Template:Div col
- Luqman Ali, musician<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Dee Barton, composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Cool Papa Bell, African-American baseball player; member of Baseball Hall of Fame
- Fred Bell, baseball player in the Negro leagues; brother of Cool Papa Bell<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Josh Booty, professional baseball and football player<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Julio Borbon, professional baseball player
- Marquez Branson, professional football player<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- A. J. Brown, NFL wide receiver<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Harry Burgess, governor of the Panama Canal Zone, 1928–1932<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Cyril Edward Cain, preacher, professor, historian; lived in Starkville<ref name=Lloyd>Template:Cite book</ref>
- John Wilson Carpenter III, distinguished U.S. Air Force pilot and commander<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Jemmye Carroll, appeared on MTV's The Real World and The Challenge
- Joe Carter, professional football player
- Hughie Critz, professional baseball player
- Sylvester Croom, first black football coach in the Southeastern Conference<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Mohammad "Mo" Dakhlalla, convicted of offenses related to his attempts to join ISIS in Syria<ref name=Greenhow>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
- Willie Daniel, professional football player and businessman<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Kermit Davis, basketball player and coach<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Charles Dimino, author, podcaster, and online personality
- Al Denson, musician and Christian radio and television show host<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Antuan Edwards, professional football player
- Drew Eubanks, basketball player<ref name="EubanksBirth">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Rockey Felker, football player and coach<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Willie Gay, NFL linebacker<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- William L. Giles, former president of Mississippi State University; lived in Starkville<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Scott Tracy Griffin, author, actor, and pop culture historian
- Horace Harned, politician<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Helen Young Hayes, investment manager
- Kim Hill, Christian singer
- Shauntay Hinton, Miss District of Columbia USA 2002, Miss USA 2002
- Richard E. Holmes, medical doctor and one of the five young black Mississippians who pioneered the effort to desegregate the major universities of Mississippi; graduate of Henderson High School
- Bailey Howell, college and professional basketball player; lives in Starkville<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Gary Jackson, served in Mississippi Senate<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Paul Jackson, artist; spent childhood in Starkville<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Hayes Jones, gold medalist in 110-meter hurdles at Tokyo 1964 Olympics
- Martin F. Jue, amateur radio inventor, entrepreneur; founder of MFJ Enterprises<ref name="BCoE Fellow">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Mark E. Keenum, president of Mississippi State University<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Harlan D. Logan, Rhodes Scholar, tennis coach, magazine editor, and politician
- Ray Mabus, former Mississippi governor
- Ben McGee, professional football player<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Jim McIngvale, businessman in Houston, Texas
- Shane McRae, actor
- William M. Miley, U.S. Army major general; professor of military science; lived in Starkville<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Freddie Milons, college and professional football player
- Leland Mitchell, professional basketball player<ref>Leland Mitchell, Who Defied Racism on the Basketball Court, Dies at 72</ref>
- Monroe Mitchell, professional baseball player
- William Bell Montgomery, agricultural publisher
- Jess Mowry, author of juvenile books
- Jasmine Murray, singer
- Travis Outlaw, professional basketball player
- Archie Pate, baseball player in the Negro leagues<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- John Peoples, President of Jackson State University from 1967 to 1984
- Ron Polk, Olympic and college Baseball Coach.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Del Rendon, musician; lived in Starkville
- Jerry Rice, professional football player; member of NFL Hall of Fame and College Football Hall of Fame
- Nannie Herndon Rice, suffragist and librarian, born and lived in Starkville
- Keith Riles, university physics professor
- Dero A. Saunders, journalist and author
- Bill Stacy, football player, mayor of Starkville<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Rick Stansbury, Basketball coach<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- John Marshall Stone, longest-serving governor of Mississippi; second president of Mississippi State University; namesake of Stone County, Mississippi<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- April Sykes, professional basketball player in the Women's National Basketball Association<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Amy Tuck, former Mississippi Lieutenant Governor; lives in Starkville<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Latavious Williams, professional basketball player<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Jaelyn Young, terrorist<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In popular culture
[edit]Pilot Charles Lindbergh, the first to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, made a successful landing on the outskirts of Starkville in 1927 during his Guggenheim Tour.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He stayed overnight at a boarding house in the Maben community. Lindbergh later wrote about that landing in his autobiographical account of his barnstorming days, titled WE.
Starkville is one of several places in the United States that claims to have created Tee Ball.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Tee Ball was popularized in Starkville in 1961 by W.W. Littlejohn and Dr. Clyde Muse, members of the Starkville Rotarians.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Johnny Cash was arrested for public drunkenness (though he described it as being picked up for picking flowers) in Starkville and held overnight at the city jail on May 11, 1965. This inspired his song "Starkville City Jail": Template:Poemquote The song appears on the album At San Quentin.
From November 2 to 4, 2007, the Johnny Cash Flower Pickin' Festival was held in Starkville. At the festival, Cash was offered a symbolic posthumous pardon by the city. They honored Cash's life and music, and the festival was expected to become an annual event.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The festival was started by Robbie Ward, who said: "Johnny Cash was arrested in seven places, but he only wrote a song about one of those places."<ref>The New York Times "Facts Mix With Legend on the Road to Redemption." Barry, Dan. Oct.20, 2008.</ref>
In 2021, a Mississippi Country Music Trail marker honoring Cash was installed in Starkville near the Oktibbeha County Jail.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2014, Gordon Ramsay visited the Hotel Chester in his series Hotel Hell in a successful attempt to help the struggling hotel remain in business.<ref name="hotelhell">Template:Cite news</ref>
References
[edit]External links
[edit]Template:Commons category Template:Wikivoyage
- Official City of Starkville Website
- Greater Starkville Development Partnership (GSDP) website
- Starkville Daily News website
Template:Starkville, Mississippi Template:Oktibbeha County, Mississippi Template:Mississippi Template:Mississippi county seats Template:Portal bar