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Heemstede

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Template:Short description Template:Other uses Template:Infobox settlement

Heemstede (Template:IPA) is a town and a municipality in the Western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. In 2021, it had a population of 27,545. Located just south of the city of Haarlem on the border with South Holland, it is one of the richest municipalities of the Netherlands.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

History

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Heemstede formed around the Heemstede Castle that was built overlooking the Spaarne River around 1286. Before 1296, Floris V, Count of Holland, granted Heemstede as a fiefdom to Reinier of Holy. During the 14th century, a village formed near the castle, which was destroyed and rebuilt several times in this period. A resident of this castle was Adriaan Pauw, who bought it in 1620. In 1653, Bennebroek split off from Heemstede, becoming a separate fiefdom.

File:Gem-Heemstede-OpenTopo.jpg
Topographic map of Heemstede

Growth was slow; in 1787 Heemstede counted 196 families. Even at that early date Heemstede had gained the reputation it has today, of being primarily a commuter town for the cities of Haarlem and Amsterdam. Wealthy city families left the cities in the summer, escaping "canal fever" which caused illness from the putrid canals. As a result, many estates were built in the 17th and 18th centuries, some of which (partially) remain today, such as Oud-Berkenroede, Berkenrode, Ipenrode, Huis te Manpad, Hartekamp, Bosbeek, Meer en Bosch, Meer en Berg, and Gliphoeve.

In 1857, the municipality Berkenrode was merged with Heemstede. In 1927, the northern portion of Heemstede, including a large part of the Haarlemmerhout forest, was added to the city of Haarlem.

Monuments and parks

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  • Groenendaal Park: Designed by Jan Hope, it was formed by merging several country estates into one.
  • Vrijheidsbeeld (Freedom Statue), statue by Mari Andriessen to celebrate freedom and commemorate Heemstede victims of the Dutch Revolt. Located on the Vrijheidsdreef in Groenendaal park.
  • Heemstede Castle: The site of the former Heemstede castle.
  • Hartekamp: Heemstede summer home of George Clifford, who hired Carl Linnaeus to write his Hortus Cliffortianus, a detailed catalogue of the plant specimens in the herbarium and gardens of Hartecamp. George Clifford's house is closed to the public, but the surrounding gardens are used as a campus and are open to visitors.
  • Linnaeusbos (Linnaeus Forest): Originally a part of Hartekamp that was planted by George Clifford and documented by Linnaeus. In 2007, Heemstede celebrated Linnaeus's 300th birthday.
  • De Naald: The 'needle' is a monument placed by D.J. van Lennep to honour Witte van Haemstede, the saviour of Haarlem at a battle which on 26 April 1304 and to honor the wounded of another battle fought against the Spanish on 8 July 1573. Both battles supposedly took place right at the corner of David Jacob van Lennep's house Huis te Manpad, where the monument stands.

Transport

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The town is served by Heemstede-Aerdenhout railway station, which lies on the Oude Lijn between Haarlem and Leiden.

Local government

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The municipal council of Heemstede consists of 21 seats, which at the 2022 municipal election were divided as follows:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Notable residents

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File:Henry Bone 001.jpg
Portrait of Thomas Hope in Turkish Costume, 1805
File:Floortje Dessing.jpg
Floortje Dessing, 2010
File:Roepie Kruize 1969b.jpg
Roepie Kruize, 1969

Sport

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References

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Template:Reflist

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Template:Geographic location Template:North Holland Province Template:Authority control

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