North Brentwood, Maryland
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North Brentwood is a town in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States.<ref>Template:Gnis</ref> The population was 593 at the 2020 census.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The municipality of North Brentwood is located north of Washington and is surrounded by the communities of Brentwood, Hyattsville, and Cottage City, and the nearby Mount Rainier. The Town of North Brentwood was incorporated in 1924, and was the first African-American-majority municipality in Maryland.
History
[edit]19th century
[edit]The town is named after the Brentwood estate built in 1817 by Robert Brent in Northeast Washington, D.C. The town was originally settled by African-American veterans of the American Civil War, who purchased lots from their former commander, Capt. Wallace A. Bartlett, beginning in 1887.<ref name="mml">Template:Cite web</ref>
The town was developed beginning in the 1890s around the Highland Station of the Washington Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Columbia and Maryland Railway. "Brentwood" was created by Wallace A. Bartlett, a Civil War veteran, former foreman for the Government Printing Office, Patent Office examiner, and inventor originally from Warsaw, New York. Captain Bartlett lived in Washington, D.C., until 1887, when he purchased Template:Convert of farmland from Benjamin Holliday, which abutted the Highland subdivision. Bartlett built a farmhouse for his family on the land and, with two partners J. Lee Adams and Samuel J. Mills, formed the Holladay Land and Improvement Company.<ref name="sha">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>The Neighborhoods of Prince George's County. Upper Marlboro: Community Renewal Program, 1974.</ref>
In 1891, the Company platted a residential subdivision called "Holladay Company's Addition to Highland" on Template:Convert of the Bartlett Farm. The lots were approximately Template:Convert by Template:Convert and were arranged around an irregular grid of streets. The lots in the northern part of the subdivision, which eventually would become North Brentwood, were smaller and were subject to flooding from a mill race.<ref name="Pearl">Pearl, Susan G. Historical Survey: Brentwood, Maryland. Upper Marlboro: M-NCPPC, 1992.</ref> The first lots in the northern section were purchased in 1891 by Henry Randall, an African-American man from Anne Arundel County, who built a house on Holladay Avenue (now Rhode Island Avenue). In 1894, Randall's son, Peter Randall, constructed a house next to his father's. More family members moved into the community and built homes, and the area soon became known as Randallstown.
Other African-American families soon moved to the neighborhood, including the Plummer, Wallace, and Johnson families. They built two-story front-gable frame houses, as well as free-standing rowhouses. In 1898, the City and Suburban Railway was completed through Randallstown. By 1904 that name had been replaced by Brentwood. In the early 1900s, development was faster than in the southern areas also platted by Bartlett. A school and a church were built in 1904, and the Brentwood Colored Citizens Association was formed in 1907. The association helped acquire volunteers for a fire company, fire-fighting equipment, a community hall, and electric lights. After Bartlett's neighboring development was incorporated as the town of Brentwood in 1922, Jeremiah Hawkins pushed for the incorporation of North Brentwood.<ref name ="Denny">Denny, George D., Jr. Proud Past, Promising Future: Cities and Towns in Prince George's County. Brentwood, Maryland: Tuxedo Press, 1997.</ref>
Incorporation
[edit]
In April 1924, Delegate Charles B. Ager sponsored a bill to incorporate North Brentwood.<ref name= bill>Template:Cite news</ref> The bill proposed a mayor, three council members, and a treasurer, all popularly elected.<ref name= bill/> The bill passed the House of Delegates.<ref name= bill/> The bill was put up to a vote of the proposed town's residents on June 12, 1924,<ref name= bill/> and it passed.<ref name= mayor/>
At the time of its incorporation, North Brentwood was the first municipality in Maryland, and possibly the United States, without any white voters.<ref name= bill/><ref name= mayor/>
First election
[edit]The town held its first election on July 7, 1924.<ref name= mayor>Template:Cite news</ref> Republican Jeremiah Hawkins ran unopposed for the town's first mayor.<ref name= election>Template:Cite news</ref> Peter Randall and Frank Baden ran for Council member representing ward one.<ref name= election/> Horace Allen ran unopposed to represent ward two on the council.<ref name= election/> Julius Wheeler and Joseph L. Gordan ran for Council member representing ward three.<ref name= election/> Mahlia Brown and John Gilmore ran for treasurer.<ref name= election/> Hawkins, Randall, Allen, Wheeler, and Gilmore were elected.<ref name= 1924g>Template:Cite news</ref>
Growth
[edit]The town continued to grow after incorporation. In September 1924, the town's first school, a three-room schoolhouse, was built.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During the 1930s and 1940s, new homes were built, mostly bungalows and brick Cape Cod houses. New streets were laid out, while the existing streets were paved, extended, and renamed.<ref name="Pearl"/>
Historic sites
[edit]The following is a list of historic sites in North Brentwood identified by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission.<ref>M-NCPPC African-American Heritage Survey, October 1996: Properties Within or Closely Associated With Historic Communities (Prince George's County, Maryland), 1996Template:Dead link.</ref> Much of the community is located within the North Brentwood Historic District; listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.<ref name="mht">Template:Cite web</ref>
| Template:NRHP color| | width = 25% Template:NRHP color| Site name | width = 8% class="unsortable" Template:NRHP color| Image | Template:NRHP color|Location | class="unsortable" Template:NRHP color| M-NCPPC Inventory Number | class="unsortable" Template:NRHP color| Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:NRHP color | 1 | African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church of Brentwood | 4037 Webster Street | 68-61-11 | ||
| Template:NRHP color | 2 | Mack Brown House | 3907 Wallace Road | 68-61-4 | ||
| Template:NRHP color | 3 | Foursquares on Webster Street | 3914, 3916, and 3918 Webster Street | 68-61-13 | ||
| Template:NRHP color | 4 | Jeremiah Hawkins House Site | 4114 Webster Street | 68-61-1 | Demolished in 1991. | |
| 5 | Wigginton-Brown-Bellows House | 4005 Wallace Road | 68-061-24 | Demolished in 2009. | |
| Template:NRHP color | 6 | Edith Mason House | 4501 41st Avenue | 68-61-8 | ||
| Template:NRHP color | 7 | McKenzie-Bullock House Site | 4538 41st Avenue | 68-61-9 | Demolished in 1992 following fire. | |
| Template:NRHP color | 8 | Nelson-Queen House Site | 4505 Church Street | 68-61-10 | Demolished in 1993 to allow for expansion of Town Hall. | |
| Template:NRHP color | 9 | Henry Newton House | 4502 Church Street | 68-61-12 | ||
| Template:NRHP color | 10 | Robert Orr House | 4528 40th Street | 68-61-2 | ||
| Template:NRHP color | 11 | Owings Houses | 4533, 4535, and 4537 41st Avenue | 68-61-5 | ||
| Template:NRHP color | 12 | A.A. Randall House | 4504 41st Avenue | 68-61-7 | ||
| Template:NRHP color | 13 | Peter Randall House | 4508 Rhode Island Avenue | 68-61-37 | Built in 1892, it is the oldest dwelling in North Brentwood. | |
| Template:NRHP color | 14 | Seaburn House | 4529 41st Avenue | 68-61-6 | ||
| Template:NRHP color | 15 | William H. Thomas House | 3911 Wallace Road | 68-61-3 |
Geography
[edit]North Brentwood is located at Template:Coord (38.944111, -76.951650).<ref name="GR1">Template:Cite web</ref>
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of Template:Convert, all land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">Template:Cite web</ref>
Demographics
[edit]2020 census
[edit]| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>Template:Cite web</ref> | Template:Partial<ref name=2020CensusP2>Template:Cite web</ref> | % 2010 | Template:Partial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 10 | 42 | 1.93% | 7.08% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 315 | 292 | 60.93% | 49.24% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 9 | 12 | 1.74% | 2.02% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 7 | 16 | 1.35% | 2.70% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 176 | 231 | 34.04% | 38.95% |
| Total | 517 | 593 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2010 census
[edit]As of the census<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">Template:Cite web</ref> of 2010, there were 517 people, 167 households, and 123 families residing in the town. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 183 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the town was 13.3% White, 63.6% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 16.2% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 34.0% of the population.
There were 167 households, of which 39.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.3% were married couples living together, 26.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 9.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.3% were non-families. 21.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.10 and the average family size was 3.49.
The median age in the town was 36.4 years. 26.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.3% were from 25 to 44; 25.7% were from 45 to 64; and 12% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.
2000 census
[edit]As of the census<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> of 2000, there were 469 people, 158 households, and 112 families residing in the town. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 181 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the town was 6.40% White, 82.09% African American, 1.28% Native American, 1.28% Asian, 6.82% from other races, and 2.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.89% of the population.
There were 158 households, out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.6% were married couples living together, 30.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.43.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $37,188, and the median income for a family was $45,893. Males had a median income of $32,188 versus $26,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,547. About 12.6% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.7% of those under age 18 and 22.2% of those age 65 or over.
Government
[edit]Prince George's County Police Department District 1 Station in Hyattsville serves North Brentwood.<ref>"District 1 Station - Hyattsville. Prince George's County Police Department. Retrieved on September 9, 2018. Beat map.</ref>
| Mayoral Roster
History of Town of North Brentwood Mayors & Terms |
| 1924 –1929, Jeremiah Hawkins
1929 –1931, George Lucas 1931 – 1933, William Allen 1933 – 1935, Julius Wheeler 1935 – 1937, John Gilmore 1937 – 1943, Sandy Baker, Sr. 1943 – 1963, William D. Bellows 1963 – 1965, Labarre Thornton 1965 – 1967, Raymond A. Hall 1967 – 1969, William D. Bellows 1969 – 1989, Raymond A. Hall 1989 – 1993, Sandy B. Johnson 1993 – 1995, Arthur J. Dock 1995 – 2007, Lillian K. Beverly 2007 – Present, Petrella A. Robinson |
Transportation
[edit]_just_south_of_the_Northwest_Branch_of_the_Anacostia_River_in_North_Brentwood,_Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland.jpg){kind=link}
U.S. Route 1 is the only highway serving North Brentwood. It connects southward to Brentwood, Mount Rainier and Washington, D.C. To the north, it passes through Hyattsville and College Park before intersecting Interstate 95/Interstate 495 (the Capital Beltway).
Education
[edit]North Brentwood is within the Prince George's County Public Schools district.<ref>"2010 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: North Brentwood town, MD." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on March 1, 2018.</ref>
- Thomas S. Stone Elementary School<ref>"NEIGHBORHOOD ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS AND BOUNDARIES SCHOOL YEAR 2017-2018." Prince George's County Public Schools. Retrieved on January 31, 2018.</ref>
- Hyattsville Middle School<ref>"NEIGHBORHOOD MIDDLE SCHOOLS AND BOUNDARIES SCHOOL YEAR 2017-2018." Prince George's County Public Schools. Retrieved on January 31, 2018.</ref>
- Northwestern High School<ref>"NEIGHBORHOOD HIGH SCHOOLS AND BOUNDARIES SCHOOL YEAR 2017-2018." Prince George's County Public Schools. Retrieved on January 31, 2018.</ref>
During the era of legally-required racial segregation of schools, black students from North Brentwood attended Lakeland High School in College Park in the period 1928–1950;<ref name=MarylandCapitalp63>African-American Historic and Cultural Resources in Prince George's County, Maryland. Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission, February 2012. p. 63 (document page 67). Retrieved on September 6, 2018.</ref> Fairmont Heights High School, then near Fairmount Heights, replaced Lakeland High and served black students only from 1950 to 1964; around 1964 legally-required racial segregation of schools ended.<ref name=FairmontHeightshistoryasof2005>Template:Cite web</ref>
References
[edit]External links
[edit]- Town of North Brentwood official website
- Route 1 Communities: North Brentwood
- Maryland Municipal Profile
- Corridor Conversations: North Brentwood 1887 to Today