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Lāʻie, Hawaii

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox settlement

Template:Okinaie (Template:IPA) is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the Koolauloa District on the island of Oahu (Template:Lang) in Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States. In Hawaiian, Template:Lang means "Template:Lang leaf" (Template:Lang is a climbing screwpine: Freycinetia arborea). The population was 5,963 at the 2020 census.

History

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Historically, Template:Lang was a Template:Lang, a sanctuary for fugitives. While a fugitive was in the Template:Lang, it was unlawful for that fugitive's pursuers to harm him or her. During wartime, spears with white flags attached were set up at each end of the city of refuge. If warriors attempted to pursue fugitives into the Template:Lang, they would be killed by sanctuary priests. Fugitives seeking sanctuary in a city of refuge were not forced to permanently live within the confines of its walls. Instead, they were given two choices. In some cases, after a certain length of time (ranging from a couple of weeks to several years), fugitives could enter the service of the priests and assist in the daily affairs of the Template:Lang. A second option was that after a certain length of time the fugitives would be free to leave and re-enter the world unmolested. Traditional cities of refuge were abolished in 1819.<ref>Mulholland, John F. Hawaii's Religions. Rutland: Tuttle, 1970, p. 121</ref>

The history of Template:Lang began long before European contact. The name Template:Lang is said to derive from two Hawaiian words: Template:Lang meaning "leaf", and Template:Lang referring to the Template:Lang (red-spiked climbing screwpine, Freycinetia arborea), which wreaths forest trees of the uplands or Template:Lang regions of the mountains of the [[Koʻolau Range|Template:Lang Range]] behind the community of Template:Lang. In Hawaiian mythology, this red-spiked climbing screwpine is sacred to Template:Lang, god of the earth, god of life, and god of the forests, as well as to Template:Lang, the patron goddess of the hula.

The name Template:Lang becomes more environmentally significant through the Hawaiian oral history (Template:Lang) entitled Template:Lang. In this history, the term Template:Lang, which means "in the water", also belongs to the food-producing tree called Template:Lang. The Template:Lang tree was planted in a place called Template:Lang's garden, which is closely associated with the spiritual home, after her birth and relocation of Template:Lang. According to Hawaiian oral traditions, the planting of the Template:Lang tree in the garden of Template:Lang is symbolic of the reproductive energy of male and female, which union in turns fills the land with offspring. From its close association with nature through its name, and through its oral traditions and history, the community of Template:Lang takes upon itself a precise identification and a responsibility in perpetuating life and in preserving all life forms. Sometimes the land itself provided sanctuary for the Hawaiian people. Template:Lang was such a place. The earliest information about Template:Lang states that it was a small, sparsely populated village with a major distinction: "it was a city of refuge". Within this city of refuge were located at least two Template:Lang, traditional Hawaiian temples, of which very little remains today. Template:Lang was destroyed, but its remains can be found in taro patches Template:Lang (seaward) of Laie Hawaii Temple belonging to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Towards the mountain (Template:Lang), the remains of Template:Lang can be found on a small ridge. All that is left of Template:Lang is a coral platform.<ref>Sterling & Summers 1978, p. 158</ref>

Between 1846 and 1848, the traditional Hawaiian feudal ownership of land by the king, the Template:Lang, and his leading chiefs or Template:Lang was changed through the [[Great Mahele|Great Template:Lang]], or major land division. The Template:Lang at the time was Template:Lang King Kamehameha III, and his Template:Lang (leading chief) for Template:Lang was Template:Lang (which means "The Chief without Riches"); the wife to this Template:Lang descended directly from the Template:Lang of Template:Lang named Kakuiewa, making his wife of higher rank than he. The result of the Template:Lang was not in compliance with the original intent of Kamehameha III. The result was that the chiefs received about Template:Convert, the king kept about Template:Convert, which were called crown lands, and about Template:Convert were set aside as government lands.

The land of the Template:Lang itself was cut up into parcels, much like the traditional Hawaiian land divisions, centering on the Template:Lang, which followed a fairly uniform pattern. Each parcel was shaped roughly like a piece of pie with the tip in the mountains, the middle section in the foothills and coastal plain, and the broad base along the ocean front and the sea. The size and shape of the Template:Lang varied. However, the purpose of these remained the same. The village of Template:Lang is located in the Template:Lang of Template:Lang. As such, Template:Lang followed the general pattern of life in the Template:Lang, but only the valleys in the foothills had ample water. There were ten streams that flowed through the Template:Lang of Template:Lang before 1865 (see 1865 map). Their names were Template:Lang, Template:Lang, Template:Lang, Template:Lang, Template:Lang, Template:Lang, Template:Lang, Template:Lang, Template:Lang, and Template:Lang. There were more streams flowing through the Template:Lang of Template:Lang than through any of the other surrounding Template:Lang, including Template:Lang and Template:Lang to the southeast and Template:Lang, Template:Lang, and Template:Lang to the northwest.

Latter-day Saints

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A new phase of development for Template:Lang began when the plantation of that name was purchased by George Nebeker, the president of the LDS Church's Hawaiian Mission. The Latter-day Saints in Hawaii were then encouraged to move to this location.<ref>Jenson, Andrew. Encyclopedic History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Press, 1941) p. 324</ref> This purchase occurred in 1865.<ref name="Mulholland, p. 122">Mulholland, Hawaii's Religions, p. 122</ref> The sugarcane plantation was rarely profitable, and through 1879 the church had subsidized its operations with about $40,000.<ref name="Mulholland, p. 122"/>

Soon after the settlement a sugar factory was built. Much of the land was used to grow sugar, but other food crops were also raised. Significantly, Template:Lang was one of the few sugarcane plantations where both Template:Lang (taro) and sugar were grown simultaneously. This was unusual because sugar and Template:Lang are both thirsty crops. In the plantation economy of Hawaii in the late 19th century and early 20th century, Template:Lang usually lost out to sugar. One of the reasons both Template:Lang and sugar grew on the plantation is because of the commitment of Hawaiian plantation workers to growing their staple. Their dedication to growing Template:Lang included their insistence that Saturday not be a work day on the plantation so that they could make Template:Lang for their families.<ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref> Both schools and church buildings were constructed in the town in the ensuing years.

Samuel E. Woolley, who served as the LDS Church's mission president for 24 years, pushed the expansion of the operations at Laie. In 1898 he negotiated a $50,000 loan that allowed for the building of a new pump.<ref>Mulholland, Hawaii's Religions, p. 123</ref>

The Hawaiian Mission was headquartered in Template:Lang until 1919 when the headquarters were moved to Honolulu, but by then the temple had been built in Template:Lang, so it remained the spiritual center of the Latter-day Saint community in Hawaii.<ref>Jenson. Encyclopedic History. p. 324</ref>

Community

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File:Temple Beach, Laie.jpg
Laie Point and Temple Beach

Template:Lang is one of the best-known communities of the LDS Church and the site of the Laie Hawaii Temple, the church's fifth oldest operating temple in the world. Brigham Young University–Hawaii is located in Template:Lang. The Polynesian Cultural Center (PCC), the state's largest living museum, draws millions of visitors annually.<ref>Polynesian Cultural Center Official Site - Best Luau Oahu, Hawaii</ref><ref name="sacred ground">Template:Cite web</ref> The PCC houses 42 acres of lush garden and water features with 6 miniature "villages" that display various cultures and traditions of the pacific islands.<ref name="Oahu, Hawaii's Top Attraction">Template:Cite web</ref> It offers family friendly games and shows as well as various luau and dining options.<ref name="About">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Oahu, Hawaii's Top Attraction"/>

In 2015, the PCC opened a new addition to the public called the Hukilau Marketplace.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The marketplace is a vintage throwback to 1950s Hawaii offering nostalgic food, local goods and everyone-is-family hospitality.<ref name="About"/> Also in 2015, the community welcomed a new "Laie Courtyard by Marriott", a three-story hotel housing 144 standard rooms which feature local island-style furnishing.<ref name="hawaiinewsnow.com">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The hotel replaced the historical Laie Inn which was demolished in 2009 to make room for the new hotel.<ref name="hawaiinewsnow.com"/>

Though small, Template:Lang has had a significant impact on Hawaiian culture, despite many of its residents' tracing their lineages from various Pacific Island countries such as Tonga, Samoa, Fiji, and New Zealand. Fundraisers and feasts on the beach in the late 1940s inspired "The Hukilau Song",<ref>History of the Hukilau Song Template:Webarchive</ref> written, composed and originally recorded by Jack Owens, The Cruising Crooner, and made famous by Alfred Apaka.

Geography

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Template:Lang is located at Template:Coord.<ref name="GR1">Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Lang is located north of Template:Lang and south of Template:Lang along [[Kamehameha Highway|Template:Lang Highway]] (State Route 83).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of Template:Convert. Template:Convert of it is land and Template:Convert of it (40.65%) is water.

The coastline is marked by Template:Lang Point, a prominent lithified dune jutting out into the ocean. Two other lithified dunes (Template:Lang and Template:Lang) lie just offshore of the point as scenic islets. Template:Langlohelohe Beach Park, to the south of town, includes Template:Lang Beach, named after Template:Lang "John" Template:Lang (1879–1944), a fisherman from Template:Lang who kept his nets on the beach adjacent to Template:Lang Stream. He was well known in Template:Lang for his generosity and gave fish to everyone in the village, especially to those who could not fish for themselves. Template:Lang conducted many Template:Lang, a method of community net fishing.<ref>"Hawaii Place Names, Shores, Beaches, and Surf Sites" by John R. K. Clark, University of Hawaii Press, November 2001, Page 207, referring to Lahilahi Point and the LaMariana Sailing Club. As well as "Beaches of Oʻahu, Revised Edition" by John R. K. Clark, University of Hawaii Press, 2004, page 91. Reference information annotated with updated information from the Kamakeʻeʻāina family genealogical data by Kāwika Kolomona KamakeTemplate:OkinaeTemplate:Okinaāina, great-great grandson of Pahumoa "John" Kamakeʻeʻāina.</ref> His family, the Template:Lang, were a well known fishing family in the area, and stories can still be found today of their abilities in fishing.

Pahumoa Beach has also been known as Pounders Beach for its pounding shorebreak. The name was popularized in the 1950s by students at the Church College of the Pacific (now Brigham Young University–Hawaii) who called the beach "Pounders" after a shorebreak that provided popular bodysurfing rides. Pounders was the official name of the beach until it was reverted to Pahumoa in 2021.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Another bodysurfing beach is Hukilau, located at the north end of town at the mouth of Template:Lang Stream.

Demographics

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Template:US Census population

File:Laiepoint.JPG
Template:Lang Point overlooking the Pacific Ocean to the east

As of the census of 2000,<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> there were 4,585 people, 903 households, and 735 families residing in the CDP. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 1,010 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the CDP was 27.59% White, 0.35% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 9.23% Asian, 36.88% Pacific Islander, 0.65% from other races, and 25.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.12% of the population.

There were 903 households, out of which 46.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.2% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.6% were non-families. 9.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.47 and the average family size was 4.75.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 31.8% under the age of 18, 21.8% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 14.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,875, and the median income for a family was $59,432. Males had a median income of $40,242 versus $26,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,785. About 10.7% of families and 17.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under the age of 18 and 11.6% of those ages 65 and older.

Education

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Template:Lang is within the Hawaii Department of Education. Template:Lang Elementary School is in the CDP.<ref name=LaieMap>Template:Cite web
2000 Map: Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Students go on to attend, Kahuku High & Intermediate School.

Brigham Young University–Hawaii is in Laie CDP.<ref name=LaieMap/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Culture

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Notable people

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References

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Further reading

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Template:Commons category Template:Honolulu County, Hawaii Template:Authority control