Willits, California
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Willits (formerly Little Lake and Willitsville) is a city in Mendocino County, California, United States.<ref name=gnis /> It is located about Template:Convert north-northwest of Ukiah,<ref name=CGN>Template:California's Geographic Names</ref> at an elevation of Template:Convert.<ref name=gnis /> The population was 4,988 at the 2020 census.<ref name="Census 2020"/> Willits is at the center of Mendocino County and at the beginning of the county's extensive redwood forests as approached by Highway 101 from the south.
An arch stands in the center of Willits featuring the slogans "Gateway to the Redwoods" and "Heart of Mendocino County".<ref name="thecityofwillits.com 2005">Template:Cite web</ref> The arch is the repurposed second version of the Reno Arch. Reno donated the arch to Willits in 1995.<ref name=newtoreno>Template:Cite web</ref>
History
[edit]Hiram Willits arrived from Indiana in 1857 to settle in the Little Lake Valley.<ref>Hogle, Gene. NAC Green Book of Pacific Coast Touring (1931), National Automobile Club, p.45</ref> Kirk Brier founded the settlement on Willits' land.<ref name=CGN /> Willits was originally called "Willitsville".<ref name=CGN /> Later, when the post office opened in 1861, it was called "Little Lake".<ref name=CGN /> The name changed to Willits in 1874.<ref name=CGN /> The community incorporated in 1888.<ref name=CGN />
Little Lake was the scene of a legendary feud between the Frost and Coates families. The Frost family supported the Confederacy during the American Civil War, and the Coates family supported the Union. Both families were passionate in their beliefs. On October 16, 1867, Election Day, the long-running feud came to a head. A brawl turned into a shootout in front of Baechtel's store, leaving Abraham Coates, Henry Coates, Albert Coates, Thomas Coates and Elisha Frost dead on the street. Three others were wounded.<ref>Secrest, William B. (2005). California Feuds: Vengeance, Vendettas and Violence on the Old West Coast. Word Dancer Press. P.121 Template:ISBN</ref>
In 1879, three men were charged with petty larceny, having been accused of stealing a saddle and harness. The three, it was later reported, had for years been involved in stealing, robbing smokehouses, drinking, and reckless discharging of their firearms. They were taken to Brown's Little Lake Hotel to await the arrival of the circuit court judge. Following a meeting at Willits' Masonic Temple, 30 masked temple members seized the prisoners, and they were hanged from a nearby bridge. A newspaper reported there was no proof the murdered men were guilty of the charges.<ref>Badge and Buckshot: Lawlessness in Old California By John Boessenecker. Template:ISBN</ref><ref>Kulczyk, David. (2008). California Justice – Shootouts, Lynchings and Assassinations in the Golden State. Word Dancer Press, p.37 Template:ISBN</ref><ref>San Francisco Call - August 6, 1899</ref>
Willits became a boomtown due to the tanbark industry.<ref name="visitwillits.com">Template:Cite web</ref> The 1970s "back to the land" homesteading movement paved the way for Willits' reputation as the solar capital of the world in the 1980s.<ref name="visitwillits.com"/>
The Willits area is the final home of the racehorse Seabiscuit. Ridgewood Ranch, where Seabiscuit trained, recuperated, lived out his retirement and was buried, is located a few miles south of the city.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Hexavalent chromium pollution and cleanup
[edit]Beginning in 1996, the city and many residents became embroiled in lawsuits against the Whitman Corporation (later acquired by PepsiCo, Inc.), alleging that hexavalent chromium pollution left by a chrome plating plant, which operated in Willits from 1964 to 1995, was responsible for several local health problems.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Activist Erin Brockovich, known for the eponymous movie about her work in a similar case, participated in a lawsuit on behalf of the plaintiffs. By 2003, plans were put into place to inject a solution into strategic wells at the site to neutralize the chromium and remediate the pollution on site. These plans successfully reduced the pollution, and further injections and a monitoring plan were implemented in 2005 and 2008.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2011, various lawsuits were combined into a single suit involving paying for the site cleanup and payouts to affected individuals; most lawsuits were resolved in 2012.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Geography
[edit]Located at the center of Mendocino County in the Little Lake Valley, Willits is Template:Convert north of Ukiah and the same distance south of Laytonville on U.S. Route 101 (otherwise known as the Redwood Highway). It is on the west side of the Little Lake Valley, a Template:Convert area surrounded by the California Coast Ranges.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city had a total area of Template:Convert, 99.96% of it land.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021"/> Willits is located about halfway on the future Great Redwood Trail, a multi-use rail trail project.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Climate
[edit]Under the Köppen climate classification Willits has a dry-summer subtropical or mediterranean climate.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The mountains to the west along with a significant influence of mild Pacific air cause Willits to have a cool winter and hot day/cool night summer climate. Average January temperatures range from Template:Convert. Average July temperatures range from Template:Convert. There are an average of 26.9 days with highs of Template:Convert or higher, and an average of 95.1 days with lows of Template:Convert or lower. The record maximum temperature was Template:Convert on July 24, 1902, and the record minimum temperature was Template:Convert on December 9, 1972.<ref name = NOWData/>
Annual precipitation averages Template:Convert.<ref name = NOAA/> The wettest "rain year" on record was from July 1903 to June 1904 with Template:Convert and the driest from July 1990 to June 1991 with Template:Convert.<ref name = NOWData/> The most precipitation in one month was Template:Convert in December 1964. The most precipitation in 24 hours was Template:Convert on December 22, 1964. There are an average of 94.8 days with measurable precipitation.<ref name = NOWData/><ref name = NOAA/>
There are occasional snowfalls in Willits each year, with an average of Template:Convert of snow annually. The most snow in one month was Template:Convert in December 1964.<ref name = NOWData/>
Demographics
[edit]| Racial and ethnic composition | 2000<ref name=datacensus2000p2>Template:Cite web</ref> | 2010<ref name=datacensus2010p2>Template:Cite web</ref> | 2020<ref name=datacensus2020p2>Template:Cite web</ref> |
|---|---|---|---|
| White (non-Hispanic) | 78.14% | 71.36% | 62.35% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 14.69% | 20.62% | 24.42% |
| Two or more races (non-Hispanic) | 2.72% | 2.86% | 6.4% |
| Native American (non-Hispanic) | 2.68% | 3.01% | 3.49% |
| Asian (non-Hispanic) | 1.12% | 1.29% | 1.8% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 0.47% | 0.65% | 0.8% |
| Other (non-Hispanic) | 0.14% | 0.1% | 0.62% |
| Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic) | 0.04% | 0.1% | 0.12% |
2010 Census data
[edit]The 2010 United States Census<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> reported that Willits had a population of 4,888. The population density was Template:Convert. The racial makeup of Willits was 3,862 (79.0%) White, 34 (0.7%) African American, 216 (4.4%) Native American, 68 (1.4%) Asian, 5 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 479 (9.8%) from other races, and 224 (4.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,008 persons (20.6%).<ref name=fact/>
The Census reported that 4,794 people (98.1% of the population) lived in households, 52 (1.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 42 (0.9%) were institutionalized.<ref name=fact>Template:Cite web</ref>
There were 1,914 households, out of which 667 (34.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 693 (36.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 320 (16.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 143 (7.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 163 (8.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 11 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 609 households (31.8%) were made up of individuals, and 281 (14.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50. There were 1,156 families (60.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.13.<ref name=fact/>
The population dispersal was 1,270 people (26.0%) under the age of 18, 412 people (8.4%) aged 18 to 24, 1,191 people (24.4%) aged 25 to 44, 1,273 people (26.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 742 people (15.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males. There were 2,073 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert, of which 843 (44.0%) were owner-occupied, and 1,071 (56.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.3%. 2,215 people (45.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,579 people (52.8%) lived in rental housing units.<ref name=fact/>
2000 Census data
[edit]As of the census<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> of 2000, there were 5,073 people, 1,935 households, and 1,230 families residing in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 2,013 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 4,247 (83.72%) White, 32 (0.63%) African American, 179 (3.53%) Native American, 59 (1.2%) Asian, 2 (0.04%) Pacific Islander, 359 (7.08%) from other races, and 195 (3.84%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race numbered 745, or 14.69% of the population.Template:Citation needed
There were 1,935 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.2% were married couples living together, 17.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.15.Template:Citation needed
In the city, the population dispersal was 29.2% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $26,283, and the median income for a family was $36,193. Males had a median income of $30,983 versus $22,089 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,642. About 11.6% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.0% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.Template:Citation needed
Economy
[edit]Major employers in Willits include the Adventist Health Howard Memorial Hospital and METALfx.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Arts and culture
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Willits High School is located on the north end of Willits. The North County Center of Mendocino College is also in Willits.
Every July, Willits hosts the Frontier Days & Rodeo, the oldest continuous rodeo and Independence Day celebration in California. It is also home to the Roots of Motive Power Locomotive Museum,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the Mendocino County Museum, and the Willits Center for the Arts.
Government
[edit]Willits uses a council–manager form of government with a city council consisting of five council members. As of December 2022, the current mayor of Willits is Saprina Rodriguez.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In the state legislature, Willits is in Template:Representative,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Template:Representative.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Federally, Willits is in Template:Representative.<ref>Template:Cite GovTrack</ref>
Media
[edit]Willits is served by local and regional newspapers as well as a low-power community radio station. The community radio station is KLLG, operated out of the Little Lake Grange. Local papers include The Mendocino Voice,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Willits News,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Willits Weekly.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Infrastructure
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Transportation
[edit]Willits is the eastern terminus of the California Western Railroad (otherwise known as the "Skunk Train"), running through the Coast Redwood forests to coastal Fort Bragg. The old redwood Willits Depot was built in 1915 by the Northwestern Pacific Railroad, a subsidiary of the Southern Pacific. It is registered as a National Historic Place.<ref>Willits Depot</ref><ref>People, Parks & Fire exhibit at the National Association for Interpretation Conference in Virginia Beach, Virginia in November, 2002 Template:Webarchive</ref>
The Amtrak Thruway 7 bus provides daily connections to/from Willits (with a curbside stop at 298 East Commercial Street), Martinez to the south, and Arcata to the north. Additional Amtrak connections are available from Martinez station.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Willits Municipal Airport (also known as Ells Field) is a public general aviation airport with one runway, located Template:Convert northwest of the city.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
U.S. Route 101 is the major highway through the Little Lake Valley, passing just east of the Willits city limits, connecting Eureka to the north and San Francisco to the south. State Route 20 forks off of US 101 at a point just south of Willits, enters the city on South Main Street, and then heads west, running parallel to and several miles south of the Skunk Train's route, to Fort Bragg. In an effort to reduce traffic congestion in the city, especially on all of Main Street, the Willits Bypass project opened to traffic on November 3, 2016, despite the controversy related to its route through protected wetlands.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Notable people
[edit]Some notable names from Willits include Judi Bari, labor leader and environmental activist, who fought to save the redwoods. Over 1,000 people attended her Willits funeral in 1997. Tré Cool, drummer for Green Day, lived in Willits during his teen years in the 1980s. Mona Gnader, the bass player for Sammy Hagar, also resided in Willits. Stagecoach bandit Charles Bolles (a.k.a. Black Bart) stole multiple Wells Fargo boxes and mail from stagecoaches traveling through Willits.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Phil Jordon, the first National Basketball Association player ever to have played prep basketball in the Redwood Empire area (coastal Northern California & coastal Southern Oregon), did so while at Willits High School.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Edith Ceccarelli, once the oldest person in the United States, was born in Willits.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
See also
[edit]References
[edit]External links
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Template:Cities of Mendocino County, California Template:Eel River Template:Authority control