Abbeville, Alabama

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Abbeville is a city in and the county seat of Henry County, in the southeast part of Alabama, United States. It is part of the Dothan, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2020 census, the population was 2,358.

History

European Americans set up an active trading post in Abbeville in Alabama Territory early in 1819. The first settler gateway to the wiregrass region was at Franklin, located fourteen miles west of Abbeville.

Locals say that the name derives from the Muscogee name for Abbey Creek, Yatta Abba, meaning "dogwood tree grove".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Abbeville was designated as the Henry County seat in 1833; the seat had previously been Columbia. It was formally incorporated in 1853.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

20th century to present

Abbeville suffered a catastrophic tragedy that wiped out most of the town when an arsonist almost burned the whole town to the ground on May 20, 1906. An entire block of Kirkland Street, the major portion of the business district, was destroyed. The nearby courthouse was almost lost but was saved through the efforts of the "bucket brigade" firefighters, who kept pouring water on the flat roof. During the week of June 28, 1906, a mechanic named Ward was arrested and charged with arson and starting the fire. His bond was set at $500. After his bail was paid, Ward fled Abbeville and the county and was never heard from again. Brick buildings were erected to replace the wooden structures that had been lost in the fire.Template:Citation needed

In February 1937, Wes Johnson, an 18-year-old African-American man, was accused of attacking a white woman and was arrested. He was abducted from the Henry County jail by a mob of 100 white men and lynched: shot and hanged to death.<ref name="cbs">Oprah Winfrey, "Inside the memorial to victims of lynching", 60 Minutes, April 8, 2018; accessed April 11, 2018</ref> His body was found "bullet marked" and "swinging from a tree."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As was typical of lynchings, none of the members of the mob was charged with a crime.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It has been suggested by local historians that Johnson and the white woman were engaged in a consensual sexual relationship, and the accusation of assault was merely a manufactured pretext for the lynching. Howell (who?) was featured on 60 Minutes on April 8, 2018, during an episode featuring Oprah Winfrey touring the new National Memorial for Peace and Justice in Montgomery, Alabama. Johnson is among the lynching victims memorialized there.<ref name="griffin">Lance Griffin, "Dothan resident featured in 60 Minutes segment with Oprah; set to air Sunday", Dothan Eagle, April 6, 2018; accessed April 11, 2018</ref> Henry County is noted as among the 805 counties where lynchings took place.<ref name="cbs" /> It had a total of 13 lynchings during the decades when this was frequent.<ref name="lynching">Lynching in America/ Supplement: Lynchings by County, 3rd edition Template:Webarchive, Montgomery, Alabama: Equal Justice Initiative, 2015, p. 2</ref> In 1937 the Alabama Attorney General filed an impeachment against the Henry County sheriff for his failure to protect Johnson. An appeal was heard by the Alabama Supreme Court, which overturned the impeachment in June 1937. The Alabama Attorney General openly declared that Johnson was innocent of the charges against him.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In 1944, Recy Taylor, an African-American woman, was gang-raped by seven white men. Although the men admitted the rape to authorities, two grand juries subsequently declined to indict them.<ref name="mcguire"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> From a historic point of view, "the Recy Taylor case brought the building blocks of the Montgomery bus boycott together a decade earlier" than that event.<ref name="mcguire">Template:Cite book, page 39</ref>

On November 5, 2002, Kirkland Street was hit by an F2 tornado. The tornado destroyed several single-family homes, mobile homes and many other homes and businesses. The damage at the Abbeville High School was deemed too costly to repair and was rebuilt in a new location. Downed power lines and uprooted trees were numerous and widespread. The Old Pioneer Cemetery was especially hard-hit.

Geography

Abbeville is located at Template:Coord (31.566367, -85.251300).<ref name="GR1">Template:Cite web</ref>

The city is located in southeastern Alabama along U.S. Route 431, Alabama State Route 10, and Alabama State Route 27. U.S. 431 runs from north to south along the western side of the city as a four-lane divided highway, leading north Template:Convert to Eufaula and southwest Template:Convert to Dothan. AL-10 runs from west to east through the center of town as Washington Street, and leads east Template:Convert to the Georgia state line near Fort Gaines and northwest Template:Convert to Blue Springs. AL-27 leads southwest from the city Template:Convert to Ozark.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (0.32%) is water.

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Abbeville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

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Demographics

2020 census

Template:US Census population

Abbeville racial composition<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Race	Num.	Perc.
White (non-Hispanic)	1,157	49.07%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)	1,034	43.85%
Native American	5	0.21%
Asian	15	0.64%
Other/Mixed	80	3.39%
Hispanic or Latino	67	2.84%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,358 people, 1,029 households, and 604 families residing in the city.

Abbeville first appeared on the 1850 U.S. Census.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Although it did not report a separate population as a town from 1860 to 1880, it returned again in 1890<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and has returned on every successive census to date. See also Abbeville precinct below, which includes the population of the city and surrounding area since 1860.

As of the census<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> of 2000, there were 2,987 people, 1,172 households, and 787 families residing in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 1,353 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 56.65% White, 39.94% Black or African American, 0.07% Asian, 2.85% from other races, and 0.50% from two or more races. 3.52% of the population were Hispanic or Latino.

There were 1,172 households, out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.8% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 23.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,266, and the median income for a family was $37,917. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $20,603 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,215. About 17.3% of families and 21.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.1% of those under age 18 and 29.6% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the census<ref name="GR2"/> of 2010, there were 2,688 people, 1,077 households, and 699 families residing in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 1,255 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 54.4% White, 41.4% Black or African American, 1.0% Asian, 2.0% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. 3.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino.

There were 1,077 households, out of which 24.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.0% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,533, and the median income for a family was $39,167. Males had a median income of $36,630 versus $25,302 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,756. About 16.2% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.2% of those under age 18 and 17.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Abbeville is governed via a mayor-council government. The mayor is elected at-large. The city council consists of five members who are each elected from single-member districts.

Education

Abbeville is a part of the Henry County Public Schools system. It operates the Abbeville High School and the Abbeville Elementary School.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Abbeville Christian Academy is a private high school in the city and one of the last "unofficially" segregated high schools in the country.<ref name="Bagley2018">Template:Cite book</ref>

Transportation

Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound Lines.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Media

Abbeville is served by one radio station, WESZ-LP.

Abbeville is served by a weekly newspaper, the Abbeville Herald, which has been in operation since 1915.

Notable people

Leroy Cook, former defensive end for the Dallas Cowboys
Sharlene Newman, Cognitive Neuroscientist, AAAS Fellow
William Oates, Civil War and Spanish–American War veteran
Chris Porter, former Auburn University basketball player and professional basketball player
Jimmy Rane, founder / chairman / CEO of Great Southern Wood Preserving
Al Richardson, former American football linebacker for the Atlanta Falcons
Recy Taylor, an African-American woman activist whose rape in Abbeville by six white men was a catalyst for renewed actions of the nationwide Civil Rights Movement.<ref>McGuire, At the Dark End of the Street, p. 39.</ref>
Edward Vaughn, Black Power activist, bookstore owner, and member of the Michigan House of Representatives