Stirling Range National Park
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Stirling Range National Park is a national park in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, approximately Template:Convert south-east of Perth.
There is also an eponymous locality, stretching across the shires of Cranbrook, Gnowangerup and Plantagenet, but the boundaries of the national park and the locality are not identical.<ref name=Slipmap >Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Description
[edit]It protects the Stirling Ranges, or Koikyennuruff, a range of mountains and hills over Template:Cvt wide from west to east, stretching from the highway between Mount Barker and Cranbrook eastward past Gnowangerup. Notable features include Toolbrunup, Bluff Knoll – the tallest peak in the southwestern region – and a silhouette called The Sleeping Princess which is visible from the Porongurup Range.
Popular recreational activities in the park include bushwalking, abseiling and gliding. Camping is permitted only in Moingup campsite within the park boundaries (fee applies). Other peaks which have tracks include Mt Trio, Talyuberlup Peak and Mt Magog. A premier walk known as The Stirling Ridge Walk is usually done over two days and includes Ellen Peak (the most easterly peak) and Bluff Knoll.
History
[edit]The traditional owners are the Mineng and Koreng groups<ref name=env/> of the Noongar peoples who have inhabited the region for tens of thousands of years. The Noongar know the range as Koi Kyenunu-ruff which means mist moving around the mountains. The area was important to Indigenous Australians with the surrounding lowlands providing many sources of food. The women gathered seeds, roots and fruit while men hunted kangaroos and other animals.<ref name=dpaw>Template:Cite web</ref>
The first European to sight the range was Matthew Flinders in January 1802 while he was exploring the southern coast of Australia. He named the range Mount Rugged.<ref name=env/>
Ensign Dale explored the area in 1832 and climbed Toolbrunup.<ref name=unknown/>
Stirling Range was named by the surveyor John Septimus Roe in 1835 after the Governor of the Swan River Colony, James Stirling, even though Stirling never actually visited the area.<ref name=plan>Template:Cite web</ref>
Sandalwood cutters established a track through the park in about 1848. European settlers arrived in the late 1800s initially around Amelup and farmed much of the surrounding areas. John Forrest climbed Toolbrunup in 1881 with Henry Samuel Ranford and made a cairn at the summit.<ref name=unknown/>
The boundaries of the park were first suggested by Jas Hope, the Chief Draftsperson of the Lands and Survey Department, in 1908 and approved by Template:Thinspace Moore who was the Minister of Lands at the time.<ref name="unknown">Template:Cite news</ref>
The National Park was gazetted in 1913 and the first park ranger was appointed in 1964.<ref name=plan/>
The park was listed as a National Heritage place in 2006.<ref name=env>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2020, a bushfire caused by lightning devastated 40,000 hectares of park land.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In August 2022, there was a lot of snow in the park.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Environment
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The area is of great biogeographic and evolutionary interest and displays one of the richest floras in the world.<ref name=env/> The park provides an important refuge for a large diversity of Australia's native plants and animals.
Flora
[edit]Despite the low soils fertility the area supports over 1,500 different flowering plant species with over 87 of the species found only in the area of the park.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref>
The park is particularly rich in banksias, eucalypts, orchids and verticordias.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Ten species of mountain bells (Darwinia spp.) have been identified in the park and only one of these is found outside Stirling Range.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Five major vegetation communities are known in the park with thicket and mallee-heath at higher elevations and woodlands, wetlands and salt lake communities on the lower slopes and plains.<ref name=env/>
Fauna
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The park has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports populations of endangered short-billed black cockatoos and western whipbirds, and is visited by endangered long-billed black-cockatoos.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Many native mammals are found in the park including the western pygmy possum and the western grey kangaroo.<ref name=env/>
Deeper shaded gullies support a range ancient species including land snails, trapdoor spiders and giant earthworms that date back over millions of years.<ref name=env/>