Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park

Template:Use Australian English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Australian place Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, Template:Cvt south of Perth. It is named after the two capes either end of the park, Cape Leeuwin and Cape Naturaliste. It is located in the Augusta-Margaret River and Busselton council areas, and is claimed to have the highest visiting numbers of any national park in Western Australia. The park received 2.33 million visitors through 2008–2009.<ref name=2012plan>Template:Cite web</ref>

Description

The park extends over Template:Convert, from Cape Naturaliste in the north to Cape Leeuwin in the south. It is composed of 28 separate reserves, which together have an area of about Template:Convert.Template:Fact Despite the park's large size, the reserves are fragmented, and in many places the park consists only of a narrow coastal strip.<ref name = vascular>Keighery, Greg & Lyons, Michael & Gibson, N. & Keighery, B.. (2011). Vascular flora of Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park. Conservation Science Western Australia. 2011, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p31-60. 30p.</ref>

It has many features of interest including limestone and granite outcrops like Sugarloaf Rock and Canal Rocks. The coastal area also contains many beaches with well-known surf breaks, such as Supertubes, Yallingup Beach, and Smiths Beach.<ref>Blair, Larry and Cheyne Horan Wavefinder Australia 3rd edition.A Hedonist publication Template:ISBN Supertubes (Smiths) p.253, Yallingup beach p.252, Smiths Beach p.253. also in (2001) Western Australia's Yallingup Margaret River Region, www.estategraphics.com.au/surfmaps – number 10, Supertubes; number 9, Yallingup; number 11, Smiths</ref> Other coastal features include coastal cliffs and aeolian dunes. The park contains many caves, some of which are accessible by the public. There are brackish and freshwater lakes and springs, and the park is crossed by several creeks and rivers, including the Margaret River.<ref name = vascular/>

The park either passes through or contains historic sites including the Cape Leeuwin water wheel.

Leeuwin–Naturaliste Ridge

The Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge is a discontinuous strip of coastal dune limestone running north–south and extending along the western shore, parallel to the coast from Cape Naturaliste to Cape Leeuwin. The ridge is composed of two landform elements, Tamala Limestone and the basement rock the limestone formed on, called the Leeuwin Complex.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Tamala Limestone is a naturally occurring eolianite limestone, found in deposits on the western coastline of Western Australia.

The Leeuwin Complex is a strongly metamorphosed igneous Proterozoic rock made up mostly of granitic and anorthositic gneisses. The Dunsborough Fault forms the eastern boundary of the Leeuwin Complex where it adjoins the sedimentary Perth Basin.<ref>Eberhard, Stefan. (2005). Ecology and hydrology of a threatened groundwater-dependent ecosystem: The Jewel Cave karst system in Western Australia. Eberhard, Stefan <http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Eberhard, Stefan.html> (2004) Ecology and hydrology of a threatened groundwater-dependent ecosystem: the Jewel Cave karst system in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University. 67.</ref>

The ridge's geology and the variations in vegetation are confined to a number of very narrow bands that follow the north–south orientation of the ridge.Template:Cn

Caves

The Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge contains over 150 caves, formed via the erosion of Tamala Limestone. Within the national park, six caves are accessible to the public.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Ngilgi Cave

Template:Main Ngilgi Cave, previously known as Yallingup Cave is a cave to the northeast of Yallingup, available for semi-guided tours.

Calgardup Cave

Calgardup Cave is a cave available for self-guided tours.

Mammoth Cave

Template:Main Mammoth Cave is a cave available for self-guided audio tours.

Lake Cave

Lake Cave is a cave available for guided tours.

Giants Cave

Calgardup Cave is a cave available for self-guided tours.

Jewel Cave

Jewel Cave is a cave available for guided tours.

Flora and fauna

The park contains a large range of geologic features and soil types. The landscape and soil diversity supports a range of plant communities. These include coastal herblands and grasslands, sedgelands, and heath near the coast. Further inland are shrublands, woodlands, and forests, including peppermint tree (Agonis flexuosa) and Banksia shrubland and woodland, and significant stands of tall karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) and jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest.<ref name = vascular/>

A large variety of bird species inhabit the park including many sea birds, red-eared firetail, white-breasted robin, rock parrot and emu. Native mammals that can be found within the park include southern brown bandicoots, western grey kangaroos, western ringtail possums and brush wallabies.

Conservation

Template:Unreferenced section The national park was created from crown lands along the Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge at a time after the main primary industries in the region had been dairying and forestry, and when increased land-use conflict was arising from the spread of wineries, increased population on hobby farms and other agricultural activities.

Since then many competing land uses have created a complex land management scenario for state and local government authorities trying to mediate quite conflicting issues. The national park is located on some of the most vulnerable land in the region.

2021 Bushfire

On 8 December 2021, a bush fire began near Mammoth Cave within Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> said to have been deliberately lit. WA premier Mark McGowan urged people to leave the area as soon as possible due to high fuel loads and dangerous conditions.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The fire burned through more than 3,200 ha (7,900 acres) by the following day.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Cape to Cape Track

File:Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park.jpg

The start of Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park, at Cape Leeuwin.

In 2001, the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) opened the Cape to Cape Track, a 135 kilometre walking track along the Leeuwin-Naturaliste ridge.

See also

• List of caves in Western Australia
• Protected areas of Western Australia

References

Sources

• Bastian, L. V. Minerals and their relationships in the Leeuwin block Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park Perth : Government Chemical Laboratories, [1977?]
• Cape to Cape Walk Track – Hamelin Bay to Cape Leeuwin 29 km" Department of Conservation and Environment, Busselton. n.d. pamphlet
• Shaping the Capes: Rocks and landforms of the Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge an explanation of the Leeuwin Naturaliste Ridge.
• Orr, Kate. and Frewer, Paul (1988) Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park Management plan : summary of public submissions, November 1988 Como, W.A : Dept. of Conservation and Land Management.
• Taylor, Neil., Scott, Jane., Thomson-Dans, Carolyn and Banks, Roger.(n.d.) Feast for the Soul pp. 15–20 of The Best of the South West – Landscope special edition, Kensington, W.A.: Dept. of Conservation and Land Management Template:ISBN
• Western Australian Planning Commission. Statement of planning policy. No. 7, Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge Policy. Perth, W.A. : Govt. Printer – in – Western Australian government gazette, Perth, Friday 18 September 1998, No. 189. Special. 5191–5215 p. .
• Western Australian Planning Commission. Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge planning review : issues, opportunities and directions : discussion paper for public comment / Western Australian Planning Commission, Shires of Augusta–Margaret River and Busselton. [Perth, W.A.] : The Commission, 1995.