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Madison County, Illinois

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox U.S. county

Madison County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is a part of the Metro East in southern Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 264,776,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> making it the eighth-most populous county in Illinois and the most populous in the southern portion of the state. The county seat is Edwardsville, and the largest city is Granite City.<ref name="GR6">Template:Cite web</ref>

Madison County is part of the Metro East region of Greater St. Louis. The pre-Columbian city of Cahokia Mounds, a World Heritage Site, was located near Collinsville. Edwardsville is home to Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. To the north, Alton is known for its abolitionist and American Civil War-era history. It is also the home of the Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine. Godfrey, the village named for Captain Benjamin Godfrey, offers Lewis and Clark Community College formerly the Monticello Female Seminary.

History

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Madison County was established on September 14, 1812. It was formed from parts of Randolph and St. Clair counties and named for President James Madison.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> At the time of its formation, Madison County included all of the modern State of Illinois north of St. Louis, as well as all of Wisconsin, part of Minnesota, and Michigan's Upper Peninsula.

In the late 19th century, Madison County became an industrial region, and in the 20th century was known first for Graniteware, and later for its steel mills, oil refineries, and other heavy industries. The county had a large working population, and the county and surrounding area was a center of strength for the Democratic Party.

Industrial restructuring cost many jobs and reduced the population. The county now is part of the eastern St. Louis metropolitan area (nicknamed "Metro East"), as is neighboring St. Clair County.

In 2009, the EPA issued an air pollution report that ranked Madison County as the county with the second-highest cancer risk in the country due to air pollution, second only to Los Angeles County, California.Template:Citation needed

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (3.4%) is water.<ref name="census-density"/> Madison County is on the Mississippi River, while the other major body of water is Horseshoe Lake.

Climate and weather

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Template:Climate chart In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Edwardsville have ranged from a low of Template:Convert in January to a high of Template:Convert in July, although a record low of Template:Convert was recorded in January 1977 and a record high of Template:Convert was recorded in July 2012. Average monthly precipitation ranged from Template:Convert in January to Template:Convert in May.<ref name="weather"/> Climate Zone 4A per the International Energy Conservation Code.

Adjacent counties and city

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Parks and Reserves

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Template:Div col end cahokia mounds state park

Transportation

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Madison County Transit serves the county with 25 bus routes and Template:Convert of bike trails. Intercity rail service is provided by Amtrak at Alton station. Trains on the Lincoln Service route travel between Chicago and St. Louis.

Major highways

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Demographics

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According to the 2020 census, the racial makeup of the county was 81.4% white (80.4% white non-Hispanic), 9.4% black or African American, 1.0% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 6.3% two or more races, and 1.5% some other race. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.1% of the population.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

According to the 2010 census, there were 269,282 people, 108,094 households, and 71,756 families residing in the county.<ref name="census-dp1">Template:Cite web</ref> The population density was Template:Convert. There were 117,106 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert.<ref name="census-density">Template:Cite web</ref> The racial makeup of the county was 88.2% white, 7.9% black or African American, 0.8% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.9% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.7% of the population.<ref name="census-dp1"/> In terms of ancestry, 32.7% were German, 14.9% were Irish, 10.5% were English, 7.5% were American, and 5.7% were Italian.<ref name="census-dp2">Template:Cite web</ref>

Of the 108,094 households, 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.3% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.6% were non-families, and 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age was 38.6 years.<ref name="census-dp1"/>

The median income for a household in the county was $51,941 and the median income for a family was $64,630. Males had a median income of $50,355 versus $35,543 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,127. About 9.1% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.3% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="census-dp3">Template:Cite web</ref>

Communities

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File:Townships.Madison.Co.map.png
Map of Madison County, Illinois

Cities

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Villages

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Census Designated Places

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Other unincorporated and historic communities

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Townships

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Madison County is divided into twenty-four townships:

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Islands

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Historic Settlements

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Population ranking

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The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Madison County.

† county seat

Rank Place Municipal type Population (2020 Census)
1 Granite City City 27,549
2 † Edwardsville City 26,808
3 Alton City 25,676
4 Collinsville (partially in St. Clair County) City 24,366
5 Godfrey Village 17,825
6 Glen Carbon Village 13,842
7 Troy City 10,960
8 Wood River Village 10,464
9 Highland City 9,991
10 Bethalto Village 9,310
11 Maryville Village 8,221
12 Pontoon Beach Village 5,876
13 East Alton Village 5,786
14 Rosewood Heights CDP 3,971
15 Madison (partially in St. Clair County) City 3,171
16 Holiday Shores CDP 2,840
17 Fairmont City (partially in St. Clair County) City 2,265
18 South Roxana Village 1,891
19 Venice City 1,498
20 Roxana Village 1,454
21 St. Jacob Village 1,358
22 Mitchell CDP 1,217
23 Hartford Village 1,185
24 Worden Village 1,096
25 Hamel Village 929
26 Marine Village 912
27 Livingston Village 763
28 Alhambra Village 622
29 Pierron Village 459
30 Moro CDP 397
31 New Douglas Village 350
32 Grantfork Village 341
33 Williamson Village 183

Politics

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Like much of southern Illinois, Madison County was a predominantly Democratic area for much of its history, but in recent elections has been moving toward Republican. Mitt Romney narrowly carried the county in the 2012 presidential election, becoming the first Republican presidential nominee to do so since 1984. In 2016, Donald Trump carried the largest share of the vote for any Republican presidential candidate since 1972. The county also supported the Republican candidates for governor in 2010, 2014, 2018, and 2022. Template:PresHead As of February 2025, the county is one of 7 that voted to join the state of Indiana.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

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Education

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  • Alton Community Unit School District 11
  • Bethalto Community Unit School District 8
  • Collinsville Community Unit School District 10
  • East Alton School District 13
  • East Alton-Wood River Community High School District 14
  • Edwardsville Community Unit School District 7
  • Granite City Community Unit School District 9
  • Highland Community Unit School District 5
  • Madison Community Unit School District 12
  • Roxana Community Unit School District 1
  • Triad Community Unit School District 2
  • Venice Community Unit School District 3
  • Wood River-Hartford Elementary School District 15<ref>Illinois State Board of Education, ISBE Education Data Systems, Public School District Lookup, accessed May 26, 2023.</ref>

See also

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References

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