Pike County, Indiana

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Pike County is a county in the southwest portion of the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 12,250.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The county seat is Petersburg.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It contains the geographic point representing median center of US population in 2010.<ref>2010 Census/Documentation</ref>

History

In 1787, the fledgling United States defined the Northwest Territory, which included the area of present-day Indiana. In 1800, Congress separated Ohio from the Northwest Territory, designating the rest of the land as the Indiana Territory.<ref name=GAC/> President Thomas Jefferson chose William Henry Harrison as the territory's first governor, and Vincennes was established as the territorial capital.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> After the Michigan Territory was separated and the Illinois Territory was formed, Indiana was reduced to its current size and geography.<ref name=GAC>Template:Cite web</ref> On December 11, 1816, the Indiana Territory was admitted to the Union as a state.

Starting in 1794, Native American titles to Indiana lands were extinguished by usurpation, purchase, or war and treaty. The United States acquired land from the Native Americans in the Vincennes Tract, in the 1804 Treaty of Vincennes, and in the 1809 treaty of Fort Wayne . These various dealings resolved the occupation issue for the future Pike County. Whites had been settling in the future county's terrain since 1800 (the first was Woolsey Pride, at White Oak Springs).<ref name=PCH>Template:Cite web</ref>

The area of present-day Pike County was first placed under local jurisdiction in 1790, when Knox County was created. This all-encompassing county was repeatedly subdivided as its lands were occupied − on April 1, 1813, the County of Gibson was authorized from the SW portion of Knox County, and four weeks later another portion of Knox was partitioned to create Warrick County. On November 1, 1814, portions of Warrick and Gibson were partitioned to create Perry County. Two years later, the northern portions of Gibson and Perry were sufficiently populated to warrant a separate governing structure, so on December 21, 1816 − ten days after being admitted to the Federal Union as a state − the Indiana state legislature authorized the creation of Pike County, taking areas from Gibson, Knox, and Perry counties. The first commissioners filed a report dated February 15, 1817, naming Petersburg as the seat of government;<ref name=GS>Template:Cite book</ref> the city was laid out and platted that same year. The city was named for Peter Brenton, an original owner of the town site.<ref name=GS/>Template:Rp A post office was put into service at Petersburg in 1823.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Pike County was named for Zebulon Pike, famous for his Pike Expedition of 1806–1807, exploring the southwest portion of the Louisiana Purchase. Pike commanded the 4th Infantry Regiment at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. He was killed as a brigadier general during the War of 1812 after his men had captured York (now Toronto), Canada.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The first courthouse in Pike County was a two-story log building, laid on the east side of the Petersburg public square in 1817. It remained in use until replaced by a two-story brick building in 1834. The third courthouse was a larger two-story structure, built in 1868; the present building was erected in 1922.<ref name=PCH/>

From 1959 to 1963 Vance Hartke and Homer E. Capehart were the U.S. senators for Indiana, both from Pike County.

In 2015, northern Pike County's economy received a boost from the completion of Interstate 69.

Geography

The low hills of Pike County have been cleared, leveled, and put to agricultural use, although its many drainages are still wooded.<ref name=PCI>Pike County IN (Google Maps, accessed 20 September 2020)</ref> The highest point on the terrain (Template:Convert ASL) is the sharp crest of a ridge Template:Convert NE of Stendal.<ref>Pike County High Point, Indiana (PeakBagger.com, accessed 20 September 2020). However, AnyplaceAmerica.com [1] lists the county high point at Template:Convert, using ". . data gathered by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission." Location of this highest point is not specified.</ref> Like many counties along or near the Ohio River, large portions of Pike County had been strip mined. Most of these areas have been restored, but many remain.

The county's northern boundary is defined by the westward-flowing White River. The Patoka River also flows westward through the lower central part of the county, and forms a portion of the county's west boundary line with Gibson County.

According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert (or 97.99%) is land and Template:Convert (or 2.01%) is water.<ref name=DC/>

Adjacent counties

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Daviess County − northeast
Dubois County − east
Warrick County − south/CT Border
Gibson County − west/CT Border
Knox County − northwest

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Major highways

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Protected areas

Columbia Mine Preserve (part)<ref name=PCI/>
Interlake State Recreation Area (part)<ref name=PCI/>
Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge and Management Area (part)

City

Petersburg

Towns

Census-designated place

Otwell (named Pierceville 1855−1864)

Unincorporated places

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Townships

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Climate and weather

Template:Climate chart In recent years, average temperatures in Petersburg have ranged from a low of Template:Convert in January to a high of Template:Convert in July, although a record low of Template:Convert was recorded in December 1989 and a record high of Template:Convert was recorded in September 2002. Average monthly precipitation ranged from Template:Convert in February to Template:Convert in May.<ref name=WX/>

Government

Template:See also The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.

County Council: The legislative branch of the county government; controls spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected to four-year terms from county districts. They set salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.<ref name = inc3623>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=inc2102>Template:Cite web</ref>

Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county; commissioners are elected county-wide to staggered four-year terms. One commissioner serves as president. The commissioners execute acts legislated by the council, collect revenue, and manage the county government.<ref name=inc3623/><ref name=inc2102/>

Court: The county maintains a Circuit Court (83rd Judicial Circuit) and has a small claims division which division handles family law cases as well. The judge of the Circuit Court is elected to a term of six years and must be a member in good standing of the Indiana Bar. The judge is assisted by a referee in the small claims\family division who is appointed by the Circuit Court Judge.

County Officials: The county has other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk. These officers are elected to four-year terms. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county.<ref name=inc2102/>

Politics

Like many of its neighboring Southwest Indiana counties, Pike was a Republican-leaning swing county during the 20th Century. Since 2000, however, it has swung heavily Republican, giving Donald Trump over three-quarters of the vote in 2020 and 2024. Jimmy Carter was the last Democrat to carry the county by full majority, though Bill Clinton won the county by plurality more recently in 1992 and 1996.

Demographics

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2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 12,845 people, 5,186 households, and 3,645 families in the county.<ref name=DP>Template:Cite web</ref> The population density was Template:Convert. There were 5,735 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert.<ref name=DC>Template:Cite web</ref> The racial makeup of the county was 98.2% white, 0.3% black or African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.3% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 0.9% of the population.<ref name=DP/> In terms of ancestry, 25.7% were American, 25.1% were German, 15.8% were Irish, and 11.4% were English.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Of the 5,186 households, 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.3% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.7% were non-families, and 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.90. The median age was 42.8 years.<ref name=DP/>

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $49,423. Males had a median income of $40,952 versus $29,664 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,005. About 9.0% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over, Making Pike County one of the poorest counties in the state.<ref name="census-dp3">Template:Cite web</ref>