Jump to content

Richard Branson

From Niidae Wiki
Revision as of 02:19, 15 May 2025 by imported>Mb2437 (rem. unnecessary piping)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)

Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox person Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson (born 18 July 1950) is an English business magnate who co-founded the Virgin Group in 1970, and Template:Asof controlled 5 companies remaining of once more than 400.<ref>

Branson expressed his desire to become an entrepreneur at a young age. His first business venture, at the age of 16, was a magazine called Student. In 1970, he set up a mail-order record business. He opened a chain of record stores, Virgin Records—later known as Virgin Megastores—in 1972. His Virgin brand grew rapidly during the 1980s, as he started the Virgin Atlantic airline and expanded the Virgin Records music label. In 1997, he founded the Virgin Rail Group to bid for passenger rail franchises during the privatisation of British Rail. The Virgin Trains brand operated the InterCity West Coast franchise from 1997 to 2019, the InterCity CrossCountry franchise from 1997 to 2007, and the InterCity East Coast franchise from 2015 to 2018. In 2004, he founded spaceflight corporation Virgin Galactic, based at Mojave Air and Space Port in California, noted for the SpaceShipTwo suborbital spaceplane designed for space tourism.

In March 2000, Branson was knighted at Buckingham Palace for "services to entrepreneurship".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Due to his work in retail, music, and transport, his taste for adventure, and for his humanitarian work, he has become a prominent global figure.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2007, he was placed in the Time 100 Most Influential People in the World list. In June 2023, Forbes listed Branson's estimated net worth at US$3 billion.<ref name=FSB>Template:Cite web</ref>

On 11 July 2021, Branson travelled as a passenger onboard Virgin Galactic Unity 22 at the edge of space, a suborbital test flight for his spaceflight company Virgin Galactic.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="NBC">Template:Cite news</ref> The mission lasted approximately one hour, reaching a peak altitude of Template:Convert. At 70, he became the third oldest person to fly to space.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Early life

[edit]

Richard Charles Nicholas Branson was born on 18 July 1950<ref name="whoswho2">Template:Who's Who</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> in Blackheath, Royal Borough of Greenwich, London, the son of Edward James Branson (1918–2011), a barrister, and his wife Evette Huntley Branson (Template:Née; 1924–2021), a former ballet dancer and air hostess.<ref>Template:Cite news
– "Births", The Times, 12 July 1950, p. 1</ref><ref name="fdnr1">[2] Template:Webarchive Finding Your Roots, 2 February 2016, PBS</ref> He has two younger sisters, Lindy and Vanessa.<ref name=SagaMar13>Template:Cite news</ref> His grandfather, Sir George Arthur Harwin Branson, was a judge of the High Court of Justice and a Privy Councillor.<ref>"Forthcoming Marriages", The Times, 22 June 1949, p. 7.</ref>

Branson's great-great-great-grandfather, John Edward Branson, left England for India in 1793; John Edward's father, Harry Wilkins Branson, later joined his son in Madras. Starting from 1793, four generations of Branson's family lived in India, mostly at Cuddalore, in modern-day Tamil Nadu. On the show Finding Your Roots, Branson was shown to have 3.9% South Asian (Indian) DNA, likely through intermarriage.<ref name=fdnr1/> Later, he stated that one of his great-great-great-grandmothers was an Indian named Ariya.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Branson was educated at Scaitcliffe School, a prep school in Surrey, before briefly attending Cliff View House School in Sussex.<ref name=Timesep98>Richard Branson. "At school I was dyslexic and a dunce.", The Times, London, 11 September 1998, p. 19</ref> He attended Stowe School, a private school in Buckinghamshire until the age of sixteen.<ref name=Timesep98/>

Branson has dyslexia, and had poor academic performance; on his last day at school, his headmaster, Robert Drayson, told him he would either end up in prison or become a millionaire.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=Timesep98/> Branson has also talked openly about having ADHD.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Branson's parents were supportive of his endeavours from an early age.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> His mother was an entrepreneur; one of her most successful ventures was building and selling wooden tissue boxes and wastepaper bins.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In London, he started off squatting from 1967 to 1968.<ref> Template:Cite news </ref>

Branson is an atheist.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He said in a 2011 interview with CNN's Piers Morgan that he believes in evolution and the importance of humanitarian efforts but not in the existence of God. "I would love to believe," he said. "It's very comforting to believe".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Early business career

[edit]

After failed attempts to grow and sell both Christmas trees and budgerigars, Branson launched a magazine named Student in 1966 with Nik Powell. The first issue of Student appeared in January 1968, and a year later, Branson's net worth was estimated at £50,000. The office for the venture was situated in the crypt of St. John's Church, off Bayswater Road, in London.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Though not initially as successful as he hoped, the magazine later became a vital component of the mail-order record business Branson started from the same church he used for Student. Branson used the magazine to advertise popular albums, driving his record sales.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He interviewed several prominent personalities of the late 1960s for the magazine including Mick Jagger and R. D. Laing.<ref name="Branson2011">Template:Cite book</ref> Branson took over full direction of Student after successfully lying to Powell that the workers at the magazine opposed Powell's plans to turn the magazine into a cooperative.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

His business sold records for considerably less than the "High Street" outlets, especially the chain WHSmith. Branson once said, "There is no point in starting your own business unless you do it out of a sense of frustration."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> At the time, many products were sold under restrictive marketing agreements that limited discounting, despite efforts in the 1950s and 1960s to limit retail price maintenance.<ref group=note>Another example was the Net Book Agreement, which limited the ability of book outlets, including discount book clubs, to offer deep discounts.</ref>

Branson eventually started a record shop in Oxford Street in London. In 1971, he was questioned in connection with the selling of records declared export stock. The matter was never brought before a court because Branson agreed to repay any unpaid purchase tax of 33% and a £70,000 fine. His parents re-mortgaged the family home to help pay the settlement.<ref name="Branson2011" />

Virgin

[edit]

Template:Main

1972–1980: Founding of Virgin Records

[edit]
File:The Manor Studios (cropped).jpg
The Manor Studio, Richard Branson's recording studio in the manor house at the village of Shipton-on-Cherwell in Oxfordshire

In 1972, using money earned from his record store, Branson launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell. The name "Virgin" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business.<ref name="ReferenceA">Richard Branson – Losing my Virginity</ref> Branson bought a country estate north of Oxford in which he installed a residential recording studio, The Manor Studio.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He leased studio time to fledgling artists, including multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield, whose debut album Tubular Bells (1973) was the first release for Virgin Records and became a chart-topping best-seller.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Virgin signed controversial bands such as the Sex Pistols, which other companies were reluctant to sign. Virgin Records would go on to sign other artists including the Rolling Stones, Peter Gabriel, XTC, Japan, UB40, Steve Winwood and Paula Abdul, and to become the world's largest independent record label.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> It also won praise for exposing the public to such lesser known avant-garde music as Faust and Can. Virgin Records also introduced Culture Club to the music world.

Branson's net worth was estimated at £5 million by 1979, and a year later, Virgin Records went international.Template:Citation needed

1981–1987: Package holiday industries, compilation albums, and Virgin Atlantic

[edit]
File:Virgin Atlantic A340-600 (G-VWEB) arrives London Heathrow 7Jun2015 arp.jpg
Virgin Atlantic Airbus A340 approaching London Heathrow in June 2015

Branson's first successful entry into the airline industry was during a trip to Puerto Rico. His flight was cancelled, so he decided to charter his own plane the rest of the way and offered a ride to the rest of the stranded passengers for a small fee to cover the cost.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1982, Virgin purchased the gay bar Heaven. In 1991, in a consortium with David Frost, Branson made an unsuccessful bid for three ITV franchises under the CPV-TV name. The early 1980s also saw his only attempt as a producer—on the novelty record "Baa, Baa, Black Sheep", by The Singing Sheep in association with Doug McLean and Grace McDonald, on which he was credited as "Jeff Mutton". The track consisted of samples of animal noises recorded at his aunt Claire Hoares' farm in Norfolk, set to a drum-machine-produced track and reached number 42 in the UK charts in 1982.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1983, Now That's What I Call Music! emerged from Virgin Records offices as a unique compilation series, distinct in its originality. Collaborating with EMI, Peter Jamieson orchestrated the partnership on Richard Branson's boat, leading to the concise and impactful title "Now That's What I Call Music!," inspired by a Danish Bacon poster<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> gifted to Simon Draper. Richard Branson's introduction to the antique shop owned by Joan Templeman,<ref name=":3" /> played a pivotal role in his growing fascination with old signs and advertisements, ultimately shaping the collection.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Branson formed Virgin Atlantic and Virgin Cargo in 1984. He formed Virgin Holidays in 1985.

1988–2000: Telecoms ventures, railways, and worldwide impact

[edit]
File:Lichfield Trent Valley railway station MMB 05 390XXX.jpg
Virgin Trains West Coast Class 390 Pendolino at Lichfield in August 2011

In 1992, to keep his airline company afloat, Branson sold the Virgin label to EMI for £500 million.<ref name="bbcprofile">Template:Cite news</ref> Branson said that he wept when the sale was completed because the record business had been the very start of the Virgin empire. He created V2 Records in 1996 to re-enter the music business, owning 5% himself.<ref name="solarnav">Template:Cite web</ref> Virgin also acquired European short-haul airline Euro Belgian Airlines and renamed it Virgin Express. In 1997, Branson took what many saw as being one of his riskier business exploits by entering into the railway business during the privatisation of British Rail in the late 1990s. Virgin Rail Group won the InterCity CrossCountry and InterCity West Coast franchises, beginning operations in January and March 1997 respectively.<ref>"Virgin to run CrossCountry trains" Template:Webarchive The Independent 14 November 1996</ref><ref>"Virgin pledges tilt trains for West Coast" Template:Webarchive The Independent 31 January 1997</ref> Both franchises were scheduled to run for 15 years.<ref>Branson's Virgin Group wins CrossCountry Trains for 15 years Rail issue 294 18 December 1996, p. 6</ref><ref>Virgin to tackle IC West Coast Rail Privatisation News issue 48, 20 February 1997, p. 1</ref>

A series of disputes in the early 1990s caused tension between Virgin Atlantic and British Airways, which viewed Virgin as an emerging competitor. Virgin subsequently accused British Airways of poaching its passengers, hacking its computers, and leaking stories to the press that portrayed Virgin negatively. After the so-called campaign of "dirty tricks", British Airways settled the case, giving £500,000 to Branson, a further £110,000 to his airline, and had to pay legal fees of up to £3 million. Branson distributed his compensation (the so-called "BA bonus") among his staff.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Branson launched Virgin Mobile in 1999, and airline Virgin Blue in Australia in 2000.<ref>Virgin Blue To Fly The Aussie Skies Virgin Blue 5 February 2000</ref>

2001–2007: Entry into space travel and Virgin Media

[edit]
File:Richard Branson 2001.jpg
Branson in 2001

On 25 September 2004, Branson announced the signing of a deal under which a new space tourism company, Virgin Galactic, will license the technology behind SpaceShipOne—funded by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and designed by aeronautical engineer Burt Rutan—to take paying passengers into suborbital outer space. Virgin Galactic plans to make flights available to the public with tickets priced at US$200,000 using the Scaled Composites White Knight Two.<ref name=sn20131111> Template:Cite news</ref> The spacecraft, SpaceShipTwo, is manufactured by The Spaceship Company, which was founded by Branson and Rutan and is now solely owned by Virgin Galactic. In 2013, Branson said that he planned to take his two children, 31-year-old Holly and 28-year-old Sam, on a trip to outer space when they ride the SpaceShipTwo rocket plane on its first public flight, then planned for 2014.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As part of his promotion of the firm, Branson has added a variation of the Virgin Galactic livery to his personal business jet, the Dassault Falcon 900EX "Galactic Girl" (G-GALX).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

He was ninth in The Sunday Times Rich List 2006 of the wealthiest people or families in the UK, worth slightly more than £3 billion. Branson wrote in his autobiography of the decision to start an airline.

Template:Blockquote

In 2006, through a merger with SN Brussels Airlines, Virgin Airlines formed Brussels Airlines, while retaining its separate listing.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It also started a national airline based in Nigeria, called Virgin Nigeria, which ceased operations in 2009.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Another airline, Virgin America, began flying out of San Francisco International Airport in August 2007.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Branson's next venture with the Virgin group was Virgin Fuels, which was set up to respond to global warming and exploit the recent spike in fuel costs by offering a revolutionary, cheaper fuel for automobiles and, in the near future, aircraft. Branson has stated that he was formerly a global warming sceptic and was influenced in his decision by a breakfast meeting with Al Gore.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On 21 September 2006, Branson pledged to invest the profits of Virgin Atlantic and Virgin Trains in research for environmentally-friendly fuels. The investment is estimated to be worth $3 billion.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On 4 July 2006, Branson sold his Virgin Mobile company to UK cable TV, broadband, and telephone company NTL:Telewest for £900 million. A new company was launched with much fanfare and publicity on 8 February 2007, under the name Virgin Media. The decision to merge his Virgin Media Company with NTL was made in order to integrate compatible areas of the two businesses. Whilst Branson had owned three-quarters of Virgin Mobile, he would now get paid £8.5 million per annum for the use of the Virgin brand name. He does not own any part of Virgin Media.<ref name="Perry">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2006, Branson formed Virgin Comics and Virgin Animation, an entertainment company focused on creating new stories and characters for a global audience. The company was founded with author Deepak Chopra, filmmaker Shekhar Kapur, and entrepreneurs Sharad Devarajan and Gotham Chopra.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Branson also launched the Virgin Health Bank on 1 February 2007, offering parents-to-be the opportunity to store their baby's umbilical cord blood stem cells in private and public stem-cell banks.

In June 2006, a tip-off from Virgin Atlantic led both UK and US competition authorities to investigate price-fixing attempts between Virgin Atlantic and British Airways. In August 2007, British Airways was fined £271 million over the allegations. Virgin Atlantic was given immunity for tipping off the authorities and received no fine—a controversial decision the Office of Fair Trading defended as being in the public interest.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

File:Alberto Hazan and Richard Branson 2007.jpg
Branson with Alberto Hazan in June 2007 helping launch Virgin Radio Italia

On 9 February 2007, Branson announced the setting up of a new global science and technology prize—The Virgin Earth Challenge—in the belief that history has shown that prizes of this nature encourage technological advancements for the good of mankind. The Virgin Earth Challenge was to award $25 million to the individual or group who are able to demonstrate a commercially viable design that will result in the net removal of anthropogenic, atmospheric greenhouse gases each year for at least ten years without countervailing harmful effects. This removal must have long-term effects and contribute materially to the stability of the Earth's climate. Branson also announced that he would be joined in the adjudication of the prize by a panel of five judges, all world authorities in their respective fields: Al Gore, Sir Crispin Tickell, Tim Flannery, James E. Hansen, and James Lovelock.

In July 2007, Branson purchased his Australian home, Makepeace Island, in Noosa.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In August 2007, Branson announced that he had bought a 20-per cent stake in Malaysia's AirAsia X.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 13 October 2007, Branson's Virgin Group sought to add Northern Rock to its empire after submitting an offer that would result in Branson personally owning 30% of the company and changing the company's name from Northern Rock to Virgin Money.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Daily Mail ran a campaign against his bid; Vince Cable, financial spokesperson for the Liberal Democrats, suggested in the House of Commons that Branson's criminal conviction for tax evasion might be felt by some as a good enough reason not to trust him with public money.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In September 2023, Branson declared his decision against injecting additional funds into Virgin Galactic, his space travel company experiencing financial losses. He highlighted that his business empire no longer possesses extensive financial resources, indicating constraints on further investment.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

2008–2019: Hotels, healthcare and charitable influence

[edit]

On 9 January 2008, Virgin Healthcare announced that it would open a chain of health care clinics that would offer conventional medical care alongside homeopathic and complementary therapies, a development that was welcomed by Ben Bradshaw, the UK's health minister.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Plans where GPs could be paid for referring National Health Service (NHS) patients to private Virgin services were abandoned in June 2008. The BMA warned the plan would "damage clinical objectivity", there would be a financial incentive for GPs to push patients toward the Virgin services at the centre.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Plans to take over an NHS Practice in Swindon were abandoned in late September 2008.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

File:RichardBransonBoardVAOCApr09.jpg
Branson in April 2009 at the launch of Virgin America in Orange County, California

In February 2009, Branson's Virgin organization was reported as bidding to buy the former Honda Formula One team. Branson later stated an interest in Formula One, but claimed that, before the Virgin brand became involved with Honda or any other team, Formula One would have to develop a more economically efficient and environmentally responsible image. At the start of the 2009 Formula One season on 28 March, it was announced that Virgin would be sponsoring the new Brawn GP team,<ref>Branson's Virgin Group to sponsor Brawn GP Template:Webarchive, www.crash.net</ref> with discussions also under way about introducing a less "dirty" fuel in the medium term.<ref>Virgin Become Brawn Gp's Title Sponsor Template:Webarchive, Bleacher Report</ref> After the end of the season and the subsequent purchase of Brawn GP by Mercedes-Benz, Branson invested in an 80% buyout of Manor Grand Prix,<ref name="F1News">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> with the team being renamed Virgin Racing.

In 2010, Virgin Hotels was launched under the Virgin Group. In February 2018, Branson announced the first Virgin hotel in the UK would open in Edinburgh.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Branson and Tony Fernandes, owner of Air Asia and Lotus F1 Racing, had a bet for the 2010 F1 season where the losing team's boss should work on the winner's airline during a charity flight dressed as a stewardess. Fernandes escaped as the bet winner, as Lotus Racing ended tenth in the championship, while Virgin Racing ended twelfth and last. Branson kept his word after losing the bet, as he served his duty as a stewardess on an Air Asia flight between Perth and Kuala Lumpur on 12 May 2013.<ref>Virgin's Sir Richard Branson turns stewardess after losing bet Template:Webarchive, BBC News</ref>

File:5.3.10RichardBransonByDavidShankbone.jpg
Branson at the Time 100 Gala in May 2010. Known for his informal dress code,<ref>Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003), Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. Palgrave Macmillan. Template:ISBN [1] Template:Webarchive: "Richard Branson prefers jumpers to suits". p. 110</ref> this was a rare occasion he didn't wear an open shirt.

In 2010, Branson became patron of the UK's Gordon Bennett 2010 gas balloon race, which has 16 hydrogen balloons flying across Europe.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In April 2012, Virgin Care commenced a five-year contract for provision of a range of health services which had previously been under the aegis of NHS Surrey, the local primary care trust.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By March 2015, Virgin Care was in charge of more than 230 services nationwide.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In July 2012, Branson announced plans to build an orbital space launch system, designated LauncherOne.<ref name=bbc20120711> Template:Cite news</ref> Four commercial customers have already contracted for launches and two companies are developing standardised satellite buses optimised to the design of LauncherOne, in expectation of business opportunities created by the new smallsat launcher.<ref name=nsj20120711> Template:Cite news </ref>

In August 2012, when re-tendered the InterCity West Coast franchise was awarded to FirstGroup after a competitive tender process overseen by the Department for Transport. Branson had expressed his concerns about the tender process and questioned the validity of the business plan submitted by FirstGroup. When Virgin Rail lost the contract, Branson said he was convinced the civil servants had "got their maths wrong". In October, after an investigation into the bidding process, the deal was scrapped. The Transport Secretary Patrick McLoughlin announced there were "significant technical flaws" in the process and mistakes had been made by transport staff. Virgin Rail continued to operate the West Coast line until 7 December 2019, when it was replaced by Avanti West Coast.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In September 2014, Branson announced his investment in drone company 3D Robotics stating, "It's amazing to see what a little flying object with a GoPro attached can do. Before they came along the alternative was an expensive helicopter and crew. I'm really excited about the potential 3D Robotics sees in drones. They can do a lot of good in the world, and I hope this affordable technology will give many more people the chance to see our beautiful planet from such a powerful perspective."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2014, Branson launched the "Foodpreneur" food and drink-focused start-up competition. Winners were provided with mentorship from Branson, legal support, and brand counseling.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The 2014 winners included Proper Beans, Killer Tomato, Sweetpea Pantry and Sweet Virtues. In 2015, the competition expanded to the Virgin StartUp's Foodpreneur Festival. The 2015 winners were given the opportunity to pitch Target Corporation buyers. The 2015 winners included Pip & Nut, Double Dutch Drinks, Harry Bromptons, Cauli Rice and Mallow and Marsh.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In March 2015, Virgin Trains East Coast commenced operating the InterCity East Coast franchise; the company was a joint venture between Stagecoach (90%) and Virgin Group (10%).<ref>"More seats, more services and new trains for East Coast passengers" Template:Webarchive Department for Transport, 27 November 2014.</ref><ref>Stagecoach and Virgin win East Coast mainline rail franchise Template:Webarchive BBC News 27 November 2014</ref> Due to the line performing below VTEC's expectations, it was announced in May 2018 that the contract would be terminated early by the government. VTEC ceased operating on 23 June 2018 and operations passed to a government-owned operator, London North Eastern Railway.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In November 2015, Branson announced the addition of Moskito Island to the Virgin Limited Edition portfolio. This resort, The Branson Estate on Moskito Island, offers 11 bedrooms for 22 guests.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

File:MMRichardBranson.jpg
Branson and Argentina's President Mauricio Macri, 22 January 2016

In 2017, Virgin Group invested in Hyperloop One, developing a strategic partnership between the two. Branson joined the board of directors,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and in December 2017, became its chairman.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The announced winner of the 2017 Virgin StartUp's Foodpreneur prize was The Snaffling Pig Co., which won a six-week rental space at Intu Lakeside, the retail center with the highest foot traffic in the United Kingdom.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In October 2017, Branson appeared on the Season 9 Premiere of Shark Tank as a guest investor,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> where he invested in Locker Board,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a sustainable line of skateboards invented by 11-year-old, Carson Kropfl.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Branson told the young business man that he reminded him of himself.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Branson became the richest Shark to have appeared on the show.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In April 2018, Branson announced the acquisition of the Las Vegas based Hard Rock Casino-Hotel with plans to re-brand the property under his Virgin Hotels business.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Virgin Hotels Las Vegas opened on 25 March 2021.

In May 2018, it was announced that he would become a partner in a private equity fund that will be co-managed by Metric Capital. The fund will seek out consumer goods firms to invest in.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In September 2018, Branson took part in his fourth Virgin Strive Challenge, where he and a core team travelled more than 2,000 km from Cagliari in Sardinia to the summit of Mont Blanc entirely under human and sail power. It was a gruelling month-long challenge where they hiked, biked and kayaked across Europe and had a near-miss on Mont Blanc when a rockfall rained down on them as they crossed the perilous Gouter Couloir. They raised more than £1m for Holly and Sam Branson's charity Big Change, which supports young people.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In February 2019, Branson helped organise an international benefit concert, Venezuela Aid Live, to bring worldwide attention to the humanitarian crisis and raise funds for humanitarian aid. The concert took place on 22 February in Cúcuta, Colombia, on the Venezuelan border.

2020–present: COVID-19 difficulties

[edit]

In March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic which saw a dramatic decline in international air travel of around 60% globally,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Branson and Virgin attracted criticism by asking staff to take eight weeks' unpaid leave.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In response to the global pandemic, Branson put his luxury Necker Island up as collateral for a commercial loan to save Virgin Atlantic from going bust.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Branson said: "Over the five decades I have been in business, this is the most challenging time we have ever faced... From a business perspective, the damage to many is unprecedented and the length of the disruption remains worryingly unknown."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 5 May 2020, it was announced that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the airline would lay off 3000 staff, reduce the fleet size to 35 by the summer of 2022, retire the Boeing 747-400s<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and would not resume operations from Gatwick following the pandemic.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 11 July 2021, Richard Branson took a flight with Beth Moses, Sirisha Bandla and Colin Bennett and reached edge of space (86 kilometers or 53 miles) on a Virgin Galactic spacecraft called VSS Unity. This made him the first billionaire founder of a space company to travel to the edge of space.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In October 2024, Virgin Money UK was sold to the Nationwide Building Society. Branson made £724 million from the deal, £414 million from his 14.5% shareholding and £310 million for Nationwide's use of the Virgin Money brand for up to six years.<ref name=guardian-20241127>Template:Cite news</ref>

Failed business ventures

[edit]

Branson has been involved in a number of failed business ventures, such as Virgin Cola, Virgin Cars, Virgin Publishing, Virgin Clothing and Virgin Brides.<ref name="Bower2017">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Subscription required</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> However, Branson holds an optimistic view of failure. He has written: "I suppose the secret to bouncing back is not only to be unafraid of failures but to use them as motivational and learning tools... There's nothing wrong with making mistakes as long as you don't make the same ones over and over again."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

World record attempts

[edit]
File:Virgin Atlantic Flyer.jpg
The capsule from the Virgin Atlantic Flyer balloon on display at the Imperial War Museum, Duxford, England
File:Balloon crash Hawaii.jpg
A 1998 attempt at an around-the-world balloon flight by Branson, Steve Fossett, and Per Lindstrand ends in the Pacific Ocean on 25 December 1998.

Branson made several world record-breaking attempts after 1985, when in the spirit of the Blue Riband he attempted the fastest Atlantic Ocean crossing by ship. His first attempt in the Virgin Atlantic Challenger led to the boat capsizing in British waters and a rescue by Royal Navy helicopter, which received wide media coverage. Some newspapers called for Branson to reimburse the government for the rescue cost. In 1986, in his Virgin Atlantic Challenger II, he beat the record by two hours with sailing expert Daniel McCarthy.<ref name=":0">McKenzie, Sheena (25 April 2013) "Back to the future for Richard Branson's retro 80s speedboat ". CNN. Retrieved 30 April 2014.</ref> A year later his hot air balloon Virgin Atlantic Flyer crossed the Atlantic.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In January 1991, Branson crossed the Pacific from Japan to Arctic Canada, Template:Convert, in a balloon of Template:Convert. This broke the record, with a speed of Template:Convert.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Between 1995 and 1998, Branson, Per Lindstrand, Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Larry Newman, and Steve Fossett made attempts to circumnavigate the globe by balloon. In late 1998, they made a record-breaking flight from Morocco to Hawaii but were unable to complete a global flight before Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones in Breitling Orbiter 3 in March 1999.

In March 2004, Branson set a record by travelling from Dover to Calais in a Gibbs Aquada in 1 hour, 40 minutes and 6 seconds, the fastest crossing of the English Channel in an amphibious vehicle. The previous record of six hours was set by two Frenchmen.<ref name="Rick">Template:Cite news</ref> The cast of Top Gear, Jeremy Clarkson, James May and Richard Hammond, attempted to break this record in 2007 with an amphibious vehicle which they had constructed and, while successfully crossing the channel, did not break Branson's record. After being intercepted by the Coast Guard and asked what their intentions were, Clarkson remarked "...our intentions are to go across the Channel faster than 'Beardy' Branson!". The Coast Guard wished them 'Good luck and Bon Voyage'.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In September 2008, Branson and his children made an unsuccessful attempt at an eastbound record crossing of the Atlantic Ocean under sail in the Template:Convert sloop Virgin Money.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The boat, also known as Speedboat, is owned by NYYC member Alex Jackson, who was a co-skipper on this passage, with Branson and Mike Sanderson. After two days, four hours, winds of force 7 to 9 (strong gale), and seas of Template:Convert, a 'monster wave' destroyed the spinnaker, washed a ten-man life raft overboard and severely ripped the mainsail. The sloop eventually continued to St. George's, Bermuda.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Television, film and print

[edit]
File:ETalk2008-Sir Richard Branson.jpg
Branson at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival

Branson has guest starred, usually playing himself, on several television shows, including Friends, Baywatch, Birds of a Feather, Only Fools and Horses, The Day Today, a special episode of the comedy Goodness Gracious Me and Tripping Over. Branson made several appearances during the 1990s on the BBC Saturday morning show Live & Kicking, where he was referred to as 'the pickle man' by comedy act Trev and Simon (in reference to Branston Pickle).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Branson also appears in a cameo early in XTC's "Generals and Majors" video. He was also the star of a reality television show on Fox called The Rebel Billionaire: Branson's Quest for the Best (2004), in which sixteen contestants were tested for their entrepreneurship and sense of adventure and only lasted one season.<ref name="Bower2017"/>

His high public profile often leaves him open as a figure of satire—the 2000 AD series Zenith features a parody of Branson as a supervillain, as the comic's publisher and favoured distributor and the Virgin group were in competition at the time. He is also caricatured in The Simpsons episode "Monty Can't Buy Me Love" as the tycoon Arthur Fortune, as the ballooning megalomaniac Richard Chutney (a pun on Branson, as in Branston Pickle) in Believe Nothing, and voiced himself in "The Princess Guide". The character Grandson Richard 39 in Terry Pratchett's Wings is modelled on Branson.

He has a cameo appearance in several films: Around the World in 80 Days (2004), where he played a hot-air balloon operator, and Superman Returns (2006), where he was credited as a 'Shuttle Engineer' and appeared alongside his son, Sam, with a Virgin Galactic-style commercial suborbital shuttle at the centre of his storyline. He also has a cameo in the James Bond film Casino Royale (2006). Here, he is seen as a passenger going through Miami Airport security check-in and being frisked – several Virgin Atlantic planes appear soon after. British Airways edited out Branson's cameo in their in-flight screening of the movie.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He makes a number of brief and disjointed appearances in the documentary Derek and Clive Get the Horn (1979), which follows the exploits of Peter Cook and Dudley Moore recording their final comedy album. Branson and his mother were also featured in the documentary film Lemonade Stories. On the TV series Rove Live in early 2006, Rove McManus and Sir Richard pushed each other into a swimming pool fully clothed live on TV during a "Live at your house" episode.

Branson is a Star Trek fan and named his new spaceship VSS Enterprise in honour of the Star Trek spaceships, and in 2006, reportedly offered actor William Shatner a ride on the inaugural space launch of Virgin Galactic. In an interview in Time magazine, published on 10 August 2009, Shatner claimed that Branson approached him asking how much he would pay for a ride on the spaceship. In response, Shatner asked "how much would you pay me to do it?"

In August 2007, Branson announced on The Colbert Report that he had named a new aircraft Air Colbert. He later doused political satirist and talk show host Stephen Colbert with water from his mug. Branson subsequently took a retaliatory splash from Colbert. The interview quickly ended, with both laughing<ref> Template:Cite web </ref> as shown on the episode aired on Comedy Central on 22 August 2007. The interview was promoted on The Report as the Colbert-Branson Interview Trainwreck. Branson then made a cameo appearance in The Soup, playing an intern working under Joel McHale who had been warned against getting into water fights with Stephen Colbert, and being subsequently fired.

In March 2008, he launched Virgin Mobile in India; during that period, he made a cameo appearance in Bollywood film London Dreams.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In July 2010, Branson narrated Australian sailor Jessica Watson's documentary about her solo sailing trip around the world.

In April 2011, Branson appeared on CNN's Mainsail with Kate Winslet.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Together they re-enacted a famous scene from the 1997 film Titanic for the cameras.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Better source needed On 17 August 2011, he was featured in the premiere episode of Hulu's first long-form original production entitled, A Day in the Life.<ref name=MSADITL>Template:Cite news</ref>

At the 2012 Pride of Britain Awards on ITV on 30 October, Branson, along with Michael Caine, Elton John, Simon Cowell and Stephen Fry, recited Rudyard Kipling's poem "If—" in tribute to the 2012 British Olympic and Paralympics athletes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1998, Branson released his autobiography, titled Losing My Virginity, an international best-seller.<ref>Template:Cite web </ref> Branson was deeply saddened by the disappearance of fellow adventurer Steve Fossett in September 2007; the following month he wrote an article for Time magazine, titled "My Friend, Steve Fossett".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Humanitarian initiatives

[edit]

In the late 1990s, Branson and musician Peter Gabriel discussed with Nelson Mandela their idea of a small group of leaders working to solve difficult global conflicts.<ref name="prelders">Help Free The Children With Richard Branson Template:Webarchive, www.looktothestars.org</ref> On 18 July 2007, in Johannesburg, South Africa, Mandela announced the formation of a new group, The Elders. Kofi Annan served as Chair of The Elders and Gro Harlem Brundtland as deputy chair. The Elders is funded by a group of donors, including Branson and Gabriel.

File:ICMEC Board.jpg
Richard Branson with his mother Eve, and the board of directors of the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children, April 2014

In 1999, Branson became a founding sponsor of the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children ("ICMEC"), the goal of which is to help find missing children, and to stop the exploitation of children, as his mother Eve became a founding member of ICMEC's board of directors.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Through the Carbon War Room, founded in 2009, the entrepreneur sought solutions for global warming and the energy crisis. "We all have a part to play, but I believe entrepreneurs will have a really significant role to play in bringing investment and commercial skills to help develop the new technologies needed to grow a post-carbon economy", he said in his interview with Vision. Through Carbon War Room initiative he has focused efforts on finding sustainable alternatives for three industry sectors: shipping, energy efficiency and aviation and renewable jet fuels.<ref name="vision.ae">Template:Cite web</ref>

He also launched Virgin Startup, an official delivery partner for the UK's Start Up Loans programme. Through this new organisation, he provided loans to entrepreneurs between the ages of 18 and 30 UK-wide. A pilot of the scheme, which ran over 11 months, injected £600,000 into 100 businesses.<ref name="vision.ae"/>

Branson's other work in South Africa includes the Branson School of Entrepreneurship, set up in 2005 as a partnership between Virgin Unite, the non-profit foundation of Virgin, and entrepreneur Taddy Blecher, the founder of CIDA City Campus, a university in Johannesburg. The school aims to improve economic growth in South Africa by supporting start-ups and micro-enterprises with skills, mentors, services, networks and finance arrangements.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Telegraph 2009">Template:Cite news</ref> Fundraising activity to support the school is achieved by The Sunday Times Fast Track 100, sponsored by Virgin Group, at its yearly event, where places to join Richard Branson on trips to South Africa to provide coaching and mentoring to students are auctioned to attendees. In 2009, Jason Luckhurst and Boyd Kershaw of Practicus, Martin Ainscough of the Ainscough Group and Matthew Riley of Daisy Communications helped raise £150,000 through the auction.<ref>Richard Branson appearances booking agent Template:Webarchive, www.athletepromotions.com</ref>

In March 2008, Branson hosted an environmental gathering at his private island, Necker Island, in the Caribbean with several entrepreneurs, celebrities, and world leaders. They discussed global warming-related problems, hoping that the meeting would be a precursor to future discussions regarding similar problems. Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales, and Larry Page of Google were in attendance.<ref>Sorkin, Andrew Ross (22 March 2008), "Thinking Green While Sifting Through the Sand", The New York Times. Template:Webarchive.</ref>

On 8 May 2009, Branson took over Mia Farrow's hunger strike for three days in protest of the Sudanese government expulsion of aid groups from the Darfur region.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> In 2010, he and the Nduna Foundation (founded by Amy Robbins), and Humanity United (an organization backed by Pam Omidyar, the wife of eBay founder Pierre Omidyar) founded Enterprise Zimbabwe.<ref>New York Times: "Branson Charity Focuses Aid Effort on Zimbabwe" By Stephanie Strom Template:Webarchive 20 September 2010</ref>

File:Richard Branson UN Conference on Sustainable Development 2012.jpg
Branson at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in 2012

Branson is a signatory of Global Zero campaign, a non-profit international initiative for the elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Since its launch in Paris in December 2008,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Global Zero has grown to 300 leaders, including current and former heads of state, national security officials and military commanders, and 400,000 citizens worldwide; developed a practical step-by-step plan to eliminate nuclear weapons; launched an international student campaign with 75 campus chapters in eight countries; and produced a documentary film, Countdown to Zero, in partnership with Lawrence Bender and Participant Media.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Since 2010, Branson has served as a Commissioner on the Broadband Commission for Digital Development, a UN initiative which promotes universal access to broadband services.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2011, Branson served on the Global Commission on Drug Policy with former political and cultural leaders of Latin America and elsewhere, "in a bid to boost the effort to achieve more humane and rational drug laws."<ref> Template:Cite web </ref>

In December 2013, Branson urged companies to boycott Uganda because of its "anti-homosexuality bill". Branson stated that it would be "against my conscience to support this country...governments must realize that people should be able to love whoever they want."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2014, Branson joined forces with African Wildlife Foundation and partner WildAid for the "Say No" Campaign, an initiative to bring public awareness to the issues of wildlife poaching and trafficking.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Branson is an opponent of the death penalty, stating: "the death penalty is always cruel, barbaric and inhumane. It has no place in the world."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2015, Branson released a letter in support of American inmate Richard Glossip on the day he was due to be executed,<ref name="death penalty">Template:Cite news</ref> and in 2021 Branson was among the public figures who called on Singapore to halt the execution of Nagaenthran K. Dharmalingam, a Malaysian drug trafficker who was convicted and sentenced to Singapore's death row for heroin trafficking.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After Nagaenthran was executed by hanging at Changi Prison, Branson expressed disappointment in Singapore for its "relentless machinery of death" since it left "no room for decency, dignity, compassion, or mercy".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In October 2022, the Singapore Ministry of Home Affairs invited Branson to Singapore for a live televised debate on Singapore's approach towards drugs and the death penalty with K Shanmugam, Singapore's Minister for Home Affairs and Law.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> Branson rejected the offer.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2023, Branson once again spoke up against Singapore's stance of capital punishment when he protested against the upcoming execution of Tangaraju Suppiah, a 46-year-old Singaporean who was found guilty of trafficking 1 kg of marijuana and scheduled to hang on 26 April 2023, and Branson claimed that Tangaraju was "innocent" of the crime he was convicted for.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Before the execution of Saridewi Djamani on 28 July 2023, Branson also appealed for mercy on Saridewi's behalf; Saridewi was the first female offender to be executed in Singapore, 19 years after the hanging of Yen May Woen in 2004.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Branson has spoken out in support of a new trial for Alabama death row prisoner Toforest Johnson.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In February 2025, Branson used his social media accounts to draw attention to Johnson's case. Branson wrote on Instagram that "[a]n innocent man has been on Alabama's death row for over 26 years, but there is still time to fix this tragic mistake." Branson's post encouraged his followers to listen to the podcast Earwitness, which tells Johnson's story.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In October 2018, Branson spoke out for Jamal Khashoggi, a Saudi journalist who was killed by Saudi authorities in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, Turkey by suspending his advisory role from Saudi Arabia's biggest Red Sea tourism project. He issued a statement saying, "The disappearance of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, if proved true, would clearly change the ability of any of us in the West to do business with the Saudi Government."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 1 December 2020 Virgin Orbit launched The Patti Grace Smith Fellowship, designed to offer paid work experience and mentorship in the aerospace industry for 'extraordinary Black students.'<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On 10 April 2023 Richard Branson became an ambassador for the United24 fundraising platform.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Іn connection with these events Virgin Unite announced program of evacuations of children with cancer to the world's leading clinics, in cooperation with Tabletochki foundation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Climate change pledge

[edit]
File:Secretary Kerry Sits With Sir Richard Branson for a Discussion on Climate Change in Davos (24413230022).jpg
Branson discusses climate change with the United States Secretary of State John Kerry in 2016.

In 2006, Branson made a high-profile pledge to invest $3 billion toward addressing global warming over the course of the following decade.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, author and activist Naomi Klein has criticised Branson for contributing "well under $300 million" as of 2014, far below the originally stated goal.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Additionally, Klein says Virgin airlines' greenhouse gas emissions increased considerably in the years following his pledge.<ref>Template:Cite bookTemplate:ISBN?Template:Page needed</ref>

B Team

[edit]

Branson is the co-founder of the B Team, a global nonprofit organization that was founded in 2013 by a group of business leaders who are committed to using their influence to drive positive change and promote sustainable business practice. The B Team has several focus areas, including climate action, human rights, and responsible tax practices. The organisation also advocates for gender equality and diversity and inclusion in the workplace, recognizing that these issues are critical to achieving sustainable business practices.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Politics

[edit]

In the 1980s, Branson was briefly given the post of "litter Tsar" by Margaret Thatcher—charged with "keeping Britain tidy".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During the BBC Coverage of the 1997 UK General Election, Branson was interviewed at the Labour Party celebrations at the Royal Festival Hall.<ref>Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineTemplate:Cbignore: Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref> In 2005, he declared that there were only negligible differences between the two main parties on economic matters.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was suggested as a candidate for Mayor of London before the first 2000 election, with polls indicating he would be a viable candidate, but he did not express interest.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In March 2015, Branson said that almost all drug use should be decriminalised in the UK, following the example of Portugal.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Branson supported continuing British membership of the European Union and was opposed to the 2016 referendum.<ref>Stadlen, Matthew. "An EU vote? ridiculous" Template:Webarchive. The Telegraph. 26 October 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2014.</ref> On 28 June 2016, interviewed for ITV's Good Morning Britain, he said that his company had lost a third of its value as a result of the referendum result and that a planned venture, employing more than 3,000 people, which he had announced before the referendum, had been shelved. He gave his backing for a second referendum.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Branson endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the run-up for the 2016 US presidential election.<ref>Branson, R. Virgin Template:Webarchive 14 October 2016.</ref>

Branson openly criticised the Philippine drug war marred by allegations of extrajudicial killings.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In September 2016, he, along with former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour and former Brazilian president Fernando Henrique Cardoso, wrote a letter to then-Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte calling on his government to halt the killings and develop evidence-based policies to address the Philippines' drug situation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

After expressing his opposition to the death penalty for crimes such as drug trafficking, in October 2022, Branson was invited by Singapore's government to participate in a live television debate regarding this country's approach to drugs and the death penalty. However, Branson declined this invitation, stating that such debates often focus on the personalities rather than the issue itself.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Honours and awards

[edit]
File:Madame Tussaud - London (2326697247).jpg
Waxwork of Branson at Madame Tussauds, London

Tax evasion

[edit]

In 1971 Branson was convicted for tax evasion and was briefly jailed, for one night, having fraudulently obtained export documents for records to be sold on the domestic market to avoid paying Purchase Tax.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="guardianlv.com">Template:Cite web</ref> Customs officials caught onto the scheme and executed a sting operation, marking records bought for the international market with invisible ink and subsequently buying them on the domestic market. Branson was advised of the sting by an anonymous tip-off and attempted to dispose of the evidence, but this was unsuccessful.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="guardianlv.com"/>

Branson's business empire is owned by a complicated series of offshore trusts and companies. The Sunday Times stated that his wealth is calculated at £3 billion; if he were to retire to his Caribbean island and liquidate all of this, he would pay relatively little in tax.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Branson has been criticised for his business strategy, and has been accused of being a carpetbagger.<ref>Template:Cite news Branson's reply is here [3] Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web Branson's response is here [4] Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Branson responded that he is living on Necker for health rather than tax reasons.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2013, Branson described himself as a "tax exile", having saved millions in tax by ending his mainland British residency and living in the British Virgin Islands.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This was echoed by the then Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, Labour's John McDonnell, in 2016, amid calls for his knighthood to be revoked.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Personal life

[edit]

Branson married Kristen Tomassi in 1972 and divorced her in 1979. They had no children together. In 1976, Branson met Joan Templeman and later began a relationship with her. Three children were born during the course of the relationship: daughter Clare Sarah (b. 1979) who died only four days after birth; another daughter Holly (b. 1981) and a son Sam (b. 1985).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1989, Branson and Templeman married on Necker Island.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2017, Branson's Necker Island home was left uninhabitable after Hurricane Irma.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was the second time the Necker Island home had been severely damaged, after the building caught fire when it was struck by lightning caused by Hurricane Irene in 2011.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Branson's mother Eve died from COVID-19 complications in January 2021 at the age of 96. A celebration of her life was posted online by her son.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2007, Branson was ordained as a minister by the Universal Life Church Monastery to conduct an on-flight wedding as part of a marketing effort for domestic flights in the USA on Virgin America airline.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> From 2013 to 2017, he served as President of the Old Stoic Society of Stowe School.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In November 2017, singer Antonia Jenae, a backing singer for Joss Stone, claimed Branson sexually assaulted her at Necker Island by "putting his head between her cleavage and making boat engine noises", a practice that, when performed consensually, is known as motorboating.<ref name=":2" /> A spokesperson for Branson confirmed to The Sun newspaper that members of the band had been invited for a party on the island in 2010, but that he and friends and family in attendance had "no recollection" of the events and that "there would never have been any intention to offend or make anyone feel uncomfortable. Richard apologises if anyone felt that way."<ref name=":2">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Branson is an experienced kitesurfer, and set two world records in the sport. The first was as the oldest person to kitesurf across the English Channel.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Then in 2014 he broke the Guinness World Record for most people riding a surfboard by kiting with three women attached to him, including professional kiteboarder Susi Mai and entrepreneur Alison Di Spaltro.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Also an avid cyclist, in August 2016 he was injured while riding his bicycle in the British Virgin Islands, resulting in torn ligaments and a cracked cheek.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Influences

[edit]

Branson has stated in a number of interviews that he has been much influenced by non-fiction books. He most commonly mentions Nelson Mandela's autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom, explaining that Mandela was "one of the most inspiring men I have ever met and had the honour to call my friend." Owing to his interest in humanitarian and ecological issues, Branson also lists Al Gore's best-selling book, An Inconvenient Truth, and The Revenge of Gaia by James Lovelock among his favourites. According to Branson's book, Screw It, Let's Do It: Lessons in Life, he is also a fan of Jung Chang's Wild Swans and Antony Beevor's Stalingrad.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In fiction, Branson has long admired the character Peter Pan,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and in 2006, he founded Virgin Comics LLC, stating that Virgin Comics will give "a whole generation of young, creative thinkers a voice".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Bibliography

[edit]

Audiobook

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

Template:Notelist Template:Reflist

References

[edit]

Template:Reflist

[edit]

Template:Spoken Wikipedia Template:Wikiquote Template:Commons category

Template:Virgin Group Template:Virgin Galactic Template:The Spaceship Company Template:United24 Template:The Elders Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "https://wiki.niidae.com/index.php?title=Richard_Branson&oldid=68370"