Canadian County, Oklahoma

Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Distinguish Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox U.S. county

Canadian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 154,405,<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> making it the fourth most populous county in Oklahoma. Its county seat is El Reno.<ref name="GR6">Template:Cite web</ref>

The county is named for the Canadian River, which forms part of its southern border. The river may have been named for early European explorers who were fur traders and trappers from New France, or pre-1763 colonial Canada.<ref name="okhs">Oklahoma Historical Society. "Origin of County Names in Oklahoma" Template:Webarchive, Chronicles of Oklahoma 2:1 (March 1924) 75-82 (retrieved August 18, 2006).</ref>

Canadian County is part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area.

History

In 1859, the United States expelled the Caddo Nation of Louisiana from its Brazos reservation in Texas and relocated it to what would eventually become Canadian County, Oklahoma.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Showetat, the last hereditary chief of the Caddo, set up his camp here and is considered Canadian County's first permanent resident. (Union City developed near his camp site.)<ref name="EOHC-CanadianCo"/>

The federal government relocated the Wichita tribe to this same part of Indian Territory in 1861. By the Treaty of Medicine Lodge, the United States assigned the land west of the Caddo and Wichita to the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes. They were relocated from Colorado in 1869. The Cheyenne-Arapaho Agency (later renamed the Darlington Agency) was established in 1870.

Canadian County was formed in 1889 as County Four of Oklahoma Territory as part of the Oklahoma Organic Act, which created Oklahoma Territory from part of Indian Territory.<ref name="EOHC-CanadianCo">Template:Cite web</ref> It was named after the Canadian River, which runs through the county.

This county was settled by European-Americans after the April 22, 1889, land run, which gave away expropriated Native American land.<ref name="EOHC-CanadianCo"/> It was expanded by a second land run in 1892. In 1902, after distribution of communal lands among households of the Cheyenne and Arapaho, their 'surplus' lands were opened to European-American settlement.<ref name="EOHC-CanadianCo"/> El Reno was chosen as the county seat over competitors Reno City, Frisco, and Canadian City.

The county was the location of the last great battle of the Cheyenne and Arapaho against United States Army forces.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (1.0%) is water.<ref name="GR1">Template:Cite web</ref> The county lies mostly within the Red Bed Plains, a subregion of the Osage Plains physiographic region. Its northwestern corner is in the Gypsum Hills. The county is drained by the North Canadian River and the Canadian River, which both flow through the county from northwest to southeast.<ref name="EOHC-CanadianCo"/>

According to a study published by the Oklahoma Geological Survey, the North Canadian River drains about 40 percent of the county, the Canadian River drains about 32 percent, and the Cimarron River drains about 27 percent (mostly in the northeastern part of the county). About 1 percent of the county is drained by Sugar Creek, which empties into the Washita River, itself a tributary of the Red River.<ref>Mogg, et al., p. 14.</ref>

The North Canadian River enters Canadian County near the northwest corner, flows generally southeast towards the middle of the county, then turns southward to leave the county about Template:Convert north of the southeastern corner. The river length is about Template:Convert. The elevation drops from Template:Convert at the entry to about Template:Convert at the exit. Its named tributaries are Sixmile Creek, Fourmile Creek, Purcell Creek, Shell Creek, and Mustang Creek.<ref>Mogg, et al., pp. 15-16.</ref>

The Canadian River enters the western border of the county about Template:Convert north of the southwest corner at an elevation of Template:Convert and flows southeast about Template:Convert, where it becomes the southern border of the county. Its course within the county is Template:Convert long, and the elevation where it leaves the county is Template:Convert. Named tributaries include Dry Creek and Boggy Creek.<ref>Mogg, et al., pp. 17-18.</ref>

The Cimarron River does not flow through the county, but drains part of the northeastern area via its tributaries: Kingfisher, Dead Indian, Uncle John, Cottonwood, Soldier, and Deer creeks. The Washita River flows more than Template:Convert south of the county, but drains about Template:Convert in the southwest corner of Canadian County.<ref>Mogg, et al., p.18.</ref>

Adjacent counties

Kingfisher County (north)
Logan County (northeast)
Oklahoma County (east)
Cleveland County (southeast)
Grady County (south)
Caddo County (southwest)
Blaine County (northwest)

Demographics

Template:US Census population Template:Stack

As of the census of 2000,<ref name="GR2" /> there were 87,697 people, 31,484 households, and 24,431 families residing in the county. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 33,969 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the county was 87.01% White, 2.16% Black or African American, 4.27% Native American, 2.45% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.35% from other races, and 2.72% from two or more races. 3.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. In 2020, its population grew to 154,541 with a 2022 census-estimated population of 169,149. Its racial makeup as of the 2021 census estimates were 72.8% non-Hispanic white, 4.3% African American, 5.3% Native American, 3.3% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 5.1% multiracial, and 11% Hispanic or Latino of any race.<ref name=":0" />

As of 2000, there were 31,484 households, out of which 39.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.30% were married couples living together, 9.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.40% were non-families. 19.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.10. In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.00% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 30.70% from 25 to 44, 23.50% from 45 to 64, and 9.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.70 males. By 2021 estimates, there were 54,871 households in the county.<ref name=":0" />

In 2000, the median income for a household in the county was $45,439, and the median income for a family was $51,180. Males had a median income of $35,944 versus $24,631 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,691. About 5.80% of families and 7.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.70% of those under age 18 and 7.20% of those age 65 or over. In 2021, its median household income was $76,973 with a poverty rate of 8.2%.<ref name=":0" />

Politics

Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of January 15, 2024<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Party		Number of Voters	Percentage
Template:Party color cell	Republican	58,711	59.24%
Template:Party color cell	Democratic	19,974	20.15%
Template:Party color cell	Libertarian	1,139	1.15%
Template:Party color cell	Unaffiliated	19,284	19.46%
Total		99,108	100%

Government and infrastructure

The Federal Bureau of Prisons operates the Federal Correctional Institution, El Reno in El Reno, Canadian County.<ref>"FCI El Reno Contact Information Template:Webarchive." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on October 1, 2010.</ref>

Economy

Agriculture has been a mainstay of the economy since the beginning of non-Indigenous settlement in the late 1800s.

Transportation

Major highways

Airports

Clarence E. Page Municipal Airport is a public use airport located in Canadian County, Template:Convert west of the central business district of Oklahoma City, which also owns this airport.<ref>Template:FAA-airport. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective December 17, 2009.</ref>
Sundance Airpark is a public use airport located in Canadian County, Template:Convert northwest of the central business district of Oklahoma City. This airport is privately owned.<ref>Template:FAA-airport. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective December 17, 2009.</ref>
El Reno Regional Airport, El Reno, OK