Lincoln County, Oklahoma

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox U.S. county

Lincoln County is a county in eastern Central Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,458.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> Its county seat is Chandler.<ref name="GR6">Template:Cite web</ref> Lincoln County is part of the Oklahoma City, OK metropolitan statistical area.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2010, the center of population of Oklahoma was in Lincoln County, near the town of Sparks.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

History

The United States purchased the large tract of land known as the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803. Washington Irving, Charles J. Latrobe, and Count Albert de Pourtalès accompanied Henry L. Ellsworth and others on an expedition in Indian Territory that may have passed through the far northwestern corner of the future Lincoln County.<ref name="mullins"/>

The Osage hunted on land that includes present-day Lincoln County until they ceded the area in an 1825 treaty to the federal government. The government then assigned the land to the Creek and the Seminoles after they were removed from the southeastern United States. Following Quapaw removal in 1834, several small groups of Quapaw dispersed throughout Indian Territory. There were absentee groups of Quapaw living along the Red River and in Creek, Choctaw and Cherokee territory. There is a "Quapaw Creek" in the southern half of Lincoln County which was a village site for one of these absentee groups of Quapaw.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> After the Civil War in 1866, the Creek and Seminoles were forced to give up lands that included present-day Lincoln County in Reconstruction Treaties for siding with the Confederacy.<ref name="mullins"/>

The federal government then used the area to resettle the Sac and Fox, Potawatomi, Kickapoo and Ioway tribes. Established in 1870, the Sac and Fox agency, established on the eastern edge of the present-day county, was the first settlement in the area.<ref name="mullins"/>

In 1890, the Jerome Commission negotiated with the tribes of the area such that they agreed to allotment of their reservation lands, except for the Kickapoo. Indian lands were allotted to individual tribal members and the excess were opened to white settlement in the Land Run of 1891. A separate land run was held later that year for the townsite of the predesignated county seat, Chandler. Lincoln County was organized and designated as County A. In 1895, the Kickapoo agreed to allotment and the land was claimed by settlers during the Land Run of 1895.<ref name="mullins"/>

The voters chose the name Lincoln County for County A in honor of President Abraham Lincoln, selecting it over the names Sac, Fox, and Springer.<ref name="mullins"/>

Geography

File:Blackjack and little bluestem.png

Midwinter in the cross timbers of western Lincoln County. Native blackjack and little bluestem.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (1.4%) is water.<ref name="GR1">Template:Cite web</ref> The county is drained by the Deep Fork of the Canadian River. The eastern part of the county lies in the Cross Timbers and the Sandstone Hills, while the western part is in the Red Bed Plains.<ref name="mullins"/>

Major highways

Adjacent counties

Payne County (north)
Creek County (northeast)
Okfuskee County (southeast)
Pottawatomie County (south)
Oklahoma County (southwest)
Logan County (northwest)

Demographics

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As of the census<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> of 2000, 32,080 people, 12,178 households, and 9,121 families resided in the county. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 13,712 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The county's racial makeup was 86.43% White, 2.46% Black or African American, 6.57% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.45% from other races, and 3.82% from two or more races. 1.51% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. By 2020, its population was 33,458.<ref name=":0" />

There were 12,178 households, out of which 34.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.50% were married couples living together, 9.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.10% were non-families. 22.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.40% under the age of 18, 7.80% from 18 to 24, 26.70% from 25 to 44, 24.10% from 45 to 64, and 13.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.50 males.

The county's median household income was $31,187, and the median family income was $36,310. Males had a median income of $28,647 versus $20,099 for females. The county's per capita income was $14,890. About 11.10% of families and 14.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.90% of those under age 18 and 12.10% of those age 65 or over.

Government and politics

Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of June 30, 2023<ref>https://www.ok.gov/elections/documents/VRstatsbycounty_11012020.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF</ref>
Party		Number of Voters	Percentage
Template:Party color cell	Democratic	4,241	20.82%
Template:Party color cell	Republican	13,058	64.11%
Template:Party color cell	Unaffiliated	3,068	15.06%
Total		20,367	100%

United States Congress

Senators		Name	Party	First Elected	Level
	Senate Class 1	Jim Inhofe	Republican	1994	Senior Senator
	Senate Class 2	James Lankford	Republican	2014	Junior Senator
Representatives		Name	Party	First Elected
	District 3	Frank Lucas	Republican	1994

Oklahoma Senate

District		Name	Party	First Elected	Hometown
	28	Zack Taylor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	Republican	2020	Seminole

Oklahoma House of Representatives

District		Name	Party	First Elected	Hometown
	32	Kevin Wallace	Republican	2014	Wellston

Economy

The county economy has largely depended on agriculture. Cotton almost immediately became the dominant crop after white settlement. During the first decade of the twentieth century, Lincoln County was one of the top two counties producing cotton in Oklahoma. By the end of the Great Depression the economy had become more diversified. Oil furnished one-third of county tax revenue, and cattle raising and pecan growing became important income sources. By the turn of the 21st Century, the county economy had diversified and was based primarily on professional services, small businesses, and service industries.<ref name="mullins"/>

Communities

File:Lincoln Co OK 1905.png

1905 map of Lincoln County showing locations of many of the old communities, post offices, and railroad stops which no longer exist.

Cities

Chandler (County seat)
Prague
Stroud

Towns

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Unincorporated communities

Ghost town

Avery

Education

K-12 school districts include:<ref name=SDlist2020>Template:Cite web - Text list</ref>

Elementary school districts include:<ref name=SDlist2020/>

Notable people

Roy Harris (1898 - 1979), composer, born near Chandler;
Carl Hubbell (1903 - 1988), U.S. major league baseball pitcher lived in Meeker;
James Brooks Ayers Robertson (1871 - 1938), Oklahoma governor 1919–1923, lived and buried in Chandler;
Jim Thorpe (1888 - 1953), American athlete, attended Sac and Fox agency school in Lincoln County.
Roy J. Turner (1894 - 1973), Oklahoma governor 1947–1953, born in Kendrick.