Caldwell County, Texas
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox U.S. county
Caldwell County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,883,<ref name="2020 Census (City)">Template:Cite web</ref> and was estimated to be 52,430 in 2024,<ref name="QF"/> Its county seat is Lockhart.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The county was founded on March 6, 1848 and named after Mathew Caldwell, a ranger captain who fought in the Battle of Plum Creek against the Comanches and against Santa Anna's armies during the Texas Revolution. Caldwell was also a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence.
Caldwell County is part of the Template:Nowrap metropolitan area.
History
[edit]Around 8000 BC, Paleo-Indians hunter-gatherers inhabited the area, and later Tonkawa, Karankawa and Comanche peoples became the first identified inhabitants.<ref name="Caldwell County, Texas">Template:Cite web</ref> Caldwell County, of Green DeWitt's petition for a land grant to establish a colony in Texas, was approved by the Mexican government in 1825.
In 1839, Edmund Bellinger became the first settler of Prairie Lea, the county's oldest town. Sam Houston named the town for his future wife Margaret Lea Houston.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The legislature formed Caldwell County from Bastrop and Gonzales counties in March 1845. Lockhart was named as the county seat.<ref name="Caldwell County, Texas" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
By 1860, the county population was 2,871, with 1,610 slaves.<ref name="Caldwell County, Texas" /> The community of Fentress was established, originally as Riverside, but later changed to honor the town's first physician, James Fentress.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The next year, the county voted 434–188 in favor of secession from the Union. Several hundred men from Caldwell County served in the Confederate States Army.<ref name="Caldwell County, Texas" />
In the 1870s, St. John Colony was established by former slaves.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The town of Luling was established in 1874,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> close to an earlier farming settlement named Atlanta . John and James Merriwether and Leonidas Hardeman built a gristmill and a sawmill, later known as Zedler's Mills.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The Missouri, Kansas, and Texas completed its track between Lockhart and San Marcos in 1887.<ref name="Caldwell County, Texas" /> Two years later, the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway connected Lockhart and Luling to Shiner.<ref name="Caldwell County, Texas" /> By 1892, the Missouri, Kansas and Texas had laid track from Lockhart east to Smithville.<ref name="Caldwell County, Texas" />
From 1880 to 1900, tenant farming accounted for nearly half of all the county's farming and as much as 75% of the 3,149 farms.<ref name="Caldwell County, Texas" /> The Southwest Texas Sacred Harp Singing Convention was established in 1902 in McMahan.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On August 9, 1922, Edgar B. Davis discovered the Luling Oilfield.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Luling Foundation was established in 1927 by Davis to teach diversity in agriculture and improve the lives of farm and ranch families.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The Lockhart State Park opened to the public in 1948.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1953, Luling established its annual Watermelon Thump celebration.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Geography
[edit]According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (0.35%) is water.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It is the 235th largest county in Texas by total area.
Major highways
[edit]- File:I-10 (TX).svg Interstate 10
- File:US 90.svg U.S. Highway 90
- File:US 183.svg U.S. Highway 183
- File:Texas 80.svg State Highway 80
- File:Toll Texas 130.svg State Highway 130
.svg){kind=link}
Adjacent counties
[edit]- Travis County (northeast)
- Bastrop County (north)
- Fayette County (southeast)
- Gonzales County (southwest)
- Guadalupe County (south)
- Hays County (west)
Demographics
[edit]As of the third quarter of 2024, the median home value in Caldwell County was $214,150.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
As of the 2023 American Community Survey, there are 15,741 estimated households in Caldwell County with an average of 2.78 persons per household. The county has a median household income of $68,503. Approximately 13.7% of the county's population lives at or below the poverty line. Caldwell County has an estimated 58.0% employment rate, with 16.4% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 80.3% holding a high school diploma.<ref name="QF">Template:Cite web</ref>
The top five reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (64.1%), Spanish (35.0%), Indo-European (0.5%), Asian and Pacific Islander (0.2%), and Other (0.3%).
The median age in the county was 38.2 years.
Caldwell County, Texas – racial and ethnic composition
Template:Nobold
| Race / ethnicity (NH = non-Hispanic) | Pop. 1980<ref name=1980CensusScope>Template:Cite web</ref> | Pop. 1990<ref name=1990CensusScope>Template:Cite web</ref> | Pop. 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>Template:Cite web</ref> | Pop. 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>Template:Cite web</ref> | Template:Partial<ref name=2020CensusP2>Template:Cite web</ref> |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 11,768 (49.79%) |
13,547 (51.33%) |
15,929 (49.48%) |
16,841 (44.24%) |
16,560 (36.09%) |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 3,811 (16.12%) |
2,675 (10.14%) |
2,674 (8.31%) |
2,456 (6.45%) |
2,225 (4.85%) |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 57 (0.24%) |
48 (0.18%) |
90 (0.28%) |
90 (0.24%) |
129 (0.28%) |
| Asian alone (NH) | 167 (0.71%) |
80 (0.30%) |
102 (0.32%) |
344 (0.90%) |
227 (0.49%) |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | — | — | 8 (0.02%) |
8 (0.02%) |
4 (0.01%) |
| Other race alone (NH) | 44 (0.19%) |
54 (0.20%) |
30 (0.09%) |
54 (0.14%) |
178 (0.39%) |
| Mixed race or multiracial (NH) | — | — | 343 (1.07%) |
351 (0.92%) |
1,092 (2.38%) |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 7,790 (32.96%) |
9,988 (37.84%) |
13,018 (40.44%) |
17,922 (47.08%) |
25,468 (55.51%) |
| Total | 23,637 (100.00%) |
26,392 (100.00%) |
32,194 (100.00%) |
38,066 (100.00%) |
45,883 (100.00%) |
2020 census
[edit]As of the 2020 census, there were 45,883 people, 15,010 households, and 10,716 families residing in the county.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The population density was Template:Convert. There were 16,379 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the county was 51.51% White, 5.32% African American, 1.09% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 21.16% from some other races and 20.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 55.51% of the population.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2010 census
[edit]As of the 2010 census, there were 38,066 people, 12,278 households, and _ families residing in the county. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 13,733 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the county was 75.65% White, 6.78% African American, 0.80% Native American, 0.94% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 13.03% from some other races and 2.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 47.08% of the population.
2000 census
[edit]As of the 2000 census, there were 32,194 people, 10,816 households, and 8,079 families residing in the county. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 11,901 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the county was 70.13% White, 8.50% African American, 0.61% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 17.66% from some other races and 2.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 40.44% of the population.
Of the 10,816 households, 37.0% had children under 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.3% were not families. About 21.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.82, and the average family size was 3.28.
A Williams Institute analysis of 2010 census data found about 5.8 same-sex couples per 1,000 households lived in the county.<ref name=newyorktimes>Template:Citation</ref>
In the county, the age distribution was 28.3% under 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $36,573, and for a family was $41,300. Males had a median income of $29,295 versus $21,595 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,099. About 10.40% of families and 13.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.10% of those under age 18 and 15.40% of those age 65 or over.
Communities
[edit]Cities
[edit]- Lockhart (county seat)
- Luling (small part in Guadalupe County)
- Martindale
- Mustang Ridge (mostly in Travis County and a small part in Bastrop County)
- Niederwald (mostly in Hays County)
- San Marcos (mostly in Hays County and a small part in Guadalupe and Comal Counties)
- Uhland (mostly in Hays County)
Unincorporated communities
[edit]- Brownsboro
- Dale
- Delhi
- Elm Grove
- Fentress
- Joliet
- Lytton Springs
- Maxwell
- McMahan
- McNeil
- Mendoza
- Pettytown (partly in Bastrop County)
- Prairie Lea
- Reedville
- Saint John Colony
- Seawillow
- Soda Springs
- Stairtown
- Taylorsville
- Tilmon
Ghost town
[edit]Politics
[edit]County government
[edit]Caldwell County elected officials
[edit]| Position | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| County Judge | Hoppy Haden | Republican | |
| Commissioner, Precinct 1 | B. J. Westmoreland | Republican | |
| Commissioner, Precinct 2 | Barbara Shelton | Republican | |
| Commissioner, Precinct 3 | Edward "Ed" Theriot | Republican | |
| Commissioner, Precinct 4 | Joe Roland | Democratic | |
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Education
[edit]School districts:<ref>Template:Cite web - List</ref>
- Gonzales Independent School District
- Hays Consolidated Independent School District
- Lockhart Independent School District
- Luling Independent School District
- Prairie Lea Independent School District
- San Marcos Consolidated Independent School District
- Waelder Independent School District
Austin Community College is the designated community college for the county.<ref>Texas Education Code, Sec. 130.166. AUSTIN COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT SERVICE AREA..</ref>
See also
[edit]- List of museums in Central Texas
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Caldwell County, Texas
- Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Caldwell County
References
[edit]External links
[edit]- Caldwell County Government official site
- Caldwell County in Handbook of Texas Online at the University of Texas.
- "Caldwell County", Almanac of Texas - includes printable county map
Template:Caldwell County, Texas Template:Texas counties Template:Texas Template:Authority control