Harrison County, West Virginia

Harrison County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,921, making it West Virginia's 7th most populous county.<ref name="QF">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Its county seat is Clarksburg.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Harrison County is part of the Clarksburg, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History

The land that is now Harrison Country has a long history. Indigenous peoples have lived in the area that would become Harrison County for thousands of years. In fact, the Oak Mounds outside of Clarksburg were built by the Hopewell culture mound builders during the first millennium CE.

18th century

White trappers visited the area that is now Harrison County as early as the 1760s. Some traded with the Native Americans there. The Virginia Colony claimed the area as part of its vast Augusta County. The first permanent settler in the area was hunter and trapper John Simpson, who erected a cabin at the mouth of Elk Creek on the West Fork River in 1763 or '64.<ref>Withers, Alexander Scott (1831), Chronicles of Border Warfare, or, A History of the Settlement by the Whites, of north-western Virginia: and of the Indian wars and massacres, in that section of the state; with reflections, anecdotes, &c., Clarksburg, Va.: J. Israel, p. 90.</ref><ref>Hardesty's Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia; "Special Virginia Edition" (1883-84; originally in 13 vols); reprinted in 1974 in Comstock, Jim (editor), West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia; 51 vol. [Exclusive run of 3,000 sets; never reprinted] (1974-1976). Supplemental series, Vol 6., Chapter I ("Harrison County"), pp. 10-11.</ref> Simpson's name remains on "Simpson's Creek" (its mouth is about 9 miles downstream from present Clarksburg).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Settler Daniel Davisson (1748–1819), from New Jersey,<ref>Zimmerman, Diane (2017), The Davissons: A Founding Family of Harrison County, WV; (Part III: Six Generations); Harrison County Genealogical Society</ref> claimed the land upon which present-day Clarksburg, Harrison County, was formed in 1773;<ref>"... Daniel Davisson (1748-1819), was the proprietor of the city of Clarksburg, West Virginia ...": Hess, Alice Jo (1978), History of Medicine in Harrison County, West Virginia; Harrison County Medical Society, p. 550.</ref> the area was re-designated as part of Monongalia County, Virginia three years later. Simpson's story did not end well. According to a 19th-century local historian, he ...

... continued to hunt and trap for a year without encountering any other human being. In 1765, he went to the South Branch to dispose of a stock of skins and furs, and returning to his camp, remained until permanent settlements were made in the vicinity. ... Simpson's cabin was located about one mile from Clarksburg, on the west side of the West Fork River ... Simpson became indebted to a man named Cottrial<ref>This incident occurred sometime around 1779-1781. The Mr. Cottrial, or Cotrill, in question was one of two brothers who both died around that time: Andrew Cotrill, Jr (1736-c. 1781) and Samuel Cotrill (1740-1779). See: Haymond, Henry (1910), History of Harrison County, West Virginia: From the Early Days of Northwestern Virginia to the Present; Morgantown WV: Acme Publishing Co., p. 384.</ref> to the amount of "one quart of salt" (a precious article at the time), which he agreed to pay, either in money or salt, upon his return from Winchester, whither he was going to dispose of a stock of skins and furs. Upon his return, a dispute arose between them, regarding the payment, and Cottrial, in the heat of passion, hastened from the house, and grasping Daniel Davisson's gun, which stood leaning against the cabin, took aim through the space between the logs, and attempted to shoot Simpson. The latter, however, was too quick for him, and springing outside, grasped the gun from Cottrial's hands and killed him. This was the first tragedy of this nature in the vicinity.<ref>Hardesty's Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia (1883-84), Op. cit., pp. 10-11.</ref>

Harrison County was organized in 1784 with territory partitioned from Monongalia County. It was named after Benjamin Harrison V,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> who had recently retired as the Governor of Virginia. He was the father of William Henry Harrison, the 9th President of the United States and great-grandfather of Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd President of the United States. Over the next 72 years, eight present-day West Virginia counties and parts of ten others were formed from this original Harrison County.<ref>Some of these counties left Harrison County by way of intermediate county names. Former Harrison County now includes: (1) all of present day Barbour (1843; via Randolph and Lewis also), Gilmer (1845), Harrison, Lewis (1816), Randolph (1787), Ritchie (1843; parts via Lewis and Wood also), Upshur (1851; via Lewis), and Wood (1798) Counties; and (2) parts of Braxton (1836; via Lewis), Calhoun (1856; via Gilmer), Doddridge (1845; via Lewis and Ritchie also), Marion (1842), Pleasants (1851; via Wood), Pocahontas (1821; via Randolph), Tucker (1856; via Randolph), Taylor (1844; via Marion and Barbour also), Webster (1860; via Braxton and Randolph), and Wirt (1848; via Wood) Counties. ("History of County Formations in Virginia, 1617-1995")</ref>

The first meeting of the Harrison County court was held on July 20, 1784, at the home of George Jackson. The group designated the county seat as Clarksburg. The town, named for explorer General George Rogers Clark (1752–1818), was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in October 1785, and it was incorporated in 1795.<ref>Haymond, Henry (1910), History of Harrison County, West Virginia: From the Early Days of Northwestern Virginia to the Present; Morgantown, West Virginia: Acme Publishing Company; 245 ff.</ref>

19th century

File:SWJ1015.JPG

Statue of Civil War Confederate General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, in front of the Harrison County Courthouse

Clarksburg's first newspaper, The By-Stander, began publication in 1810. Construction of the Northwestern Turnpike, connecting Winchester and Parkersburg, reached the town in 1836, stimulating development by connecting it to other markets. Clarksburg's economic development was also helped by the arrival of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1856. The railroad was instrumental to the development of the local coal mining industry during the late 1800s and early 1900s.

In 1863, West Virginia's counties were divided into civil townships, with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and in 1872 the townships were converted into magisterial districts.<ref>Otis K. Rice & Stephen W. Brown, West Virginia: A History, 2nd ed., University Press of Kentucky, Lexington (1993), p. 240.</ref> Harrison County was divided into ten districts: Clark, Clay, Coal, Eagle, Elk, Grant, Sardis, Simpson, Tenmile,Template:Efn-lr and Union. These districts remained stable for a century, but in the 1970s they were consolidated to form six new districts: North Clarksburg, South Clarksburg, Suburban, Northern, Southeast, and Southwest. In the 1980s, North and South Clarksburg districts became North Urban and South Urban. In the 1990s, the Southeast and Suburban districts were discontinued, and replaced by the Eastern and Southern districts.<ref>United States Census Bureau, U.S. Decennial Census, Tables of Minor Civil Divisions in West Virginia, 1870–2010.</ref>

Geography

The county terrain consists of low rolling hills, is largely wooded, and etched by drainages and creeks.<ref name=HCWV>Harrison County WV Google Maps (accessed April 15, 2019)</ref> The terrain slopes to the West Fork River valley from both the east and west borders, and also generally slopes to the north. Its highest point is on the south corner at Template:Convert ASL.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (0.1%) is water.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The county is drained by the north-flowing West Fork River and its tributaries, including Tenmile Creek, Simpson Creek, and Elk Creek.<ref>DeLorme (1997). West Virginia Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. pp. 24-25, 35-36. Template:ISBN.</ref>

Major highways

• File:I-79 (WV).svg Interstate 79
• File:US 19.svg U.S. Route 19
• File:US 50.svg U.S. Route 50
• File:WV-20.svg West Virginia Route 20
• File:WV-23.svg West Virginia Route 23
• File:WV-57.svg West Virginia Route 57
• File:WV-58.svg West Virginia Route 58
• File:WV-76.svg West Virginia Route 76
• File:WV-98.svg West Virginia Route 98
• File:WV-131.svg West Virginia Route 131
• File:WV-270.svg West Virginia Route 270
• File:WV-279.svg West Virginia Route 279

Airports

File:HarrisonCountyFestivals.jpg

Left, the West Virginia Black Heritage Festival in Clarksburg, WV. Center, the Scottish Festival & Celtic Gathering in Bridgeport, WV. Right, the West Virginia Italian Heritage Festival in Clarksburg.

• North Central West Virginia Airport - northeast of Bridgeport
• Wade F. Maley Field - northeast of Shinnston<ref name=HCWV/>

Adjacent counties

• Marion County - north
• Taylor County - east
• Barbour County - southeast
• Upshur County - south
• Lewis County - southwest
• Doddridge County - west
• Wetzel County - northwest

Protected areas

• Watters Smith State Park
• Center Branch Wildlife Management Area
• North Bend Rail Trail

Lakes

Source:<ref name=HCWV/>

• Deegan Lake
• Lake Floyd
• Maple Lake
• Mine 95 Water Supply Reservoir
• Oral Lake
• Salem Auxiliary Lake

Demographics

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 65,921 people and 26,143 households residing in the county. There were 30,480 housing units in Harrison County. The racial makeup of the county was 91.5% white or Caucasian, 1.7% Black or African American, 0.7% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% from other races, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 2.1% of the population.

There were 26,143 households, of which 47.3% were married couples living together, 27.6% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 19.5% had a male householder with no spouse present. The average household and family size was 3.19 people. The median age in the county was 42.4 years. The median income for a household in the county was $51,553 and the poverty rate was 14.3%.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 69,099 people, 28,533 households, and 18,992 families in the county.<ref name="DC">Template:Cite web</ref> The population density was Template:Convert. There were 31,431 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The racial makeup of the county was 96.0% white or Caucasian, 1.6% Black or African American, 0.5% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.3% of the population.<ref name="DC" /> In terms of ancestry, 19.8% were German, 19.0% were American, 18.3% were Irish, 13.2% were English, and 10.4% were Italian.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Of the 28,533 households, 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.7% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.4% were non-families, and 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.39 people and the average family size was 2.92 people. The median age was 41.8 years old.<ref name="DC" />

The median income for a household in the county was $39,191 and the median income for a family was $46,882. Males had a median income of $42,615 versus $28,867 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,010. About 15.0% of families and 18.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.0% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 68,652 people, 27,867 households, and 19,088 families in the county. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 31,112 housing units with an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the county was 96.55% white or Caucasian, 1.61% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino individuals of any race made up 0.96% of the population.

There were 27,867 households, out of which 29.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.30% were living together, 11.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.50% were non-families. Of all households, 27.70% were made up of individuals and 13.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 people and the average family size was 2.94 people.

The county population contained 23.10% individuals under the age of 18, 8.30% from 18 to 24, 27.50% from 25 to 44, 24.50% from 45 to 64, and 16.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $30,562, and the median income for a family was $36,870. Males had a median income of $30,721 versus $22,110 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,810. About 13.60% of families and 17.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.10% of those under age 18 and 9.40% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

File:HCWV1013.JPG

Harrison County Courthouse

Cities

• Bridgeport
• Clarksburg (county seat)
• Salem
• Shinnston
• Stonewood

Towns

• Anmoore
• Lost Creek
• Lumberport
• Nutter Fort
• West Milford

Magisterial Districts

• Eastern
• Northern
• North Urban
• Southern
• South Urban
• Southwest

Census-designated places

• Despard
• East View
• Enterprise
• Gypsy
• Hepzibah
• Reynoldsville
• Spelter
• Wallace
• Wolf Summit

Charles Pointe Master-Planned Community

Harrison County is the site of a master-planned community, Charles Pointe, which is currently under construction in the city of Bridgeport and comprises Template:Convert that will combine commercial, residential, and recreational areas into one master-planned community.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Adjacent to Charles Pointe, the United Hospital Center, a $278 million state-of-the-art medical facility.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Across from the United Hospital Center site, White Oaks, a planned business community is also under construction, and will support the hospital and the FBI CJIS complex, which is also located near the White Oaks site.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This area of West Virginia's Interstate 79 is considered part of a "High Tech Corridor."<ref>Wikipedia.org: I-79</ref>

Politics

During the 20th century, Harrison County voters leaned Democratic. However, since 2000 the county has selected the Republican Party candidate in every national election (as of 2020). Template:PresHead Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresFoot

Historical landmarks

File:ClarksburgBridgeport.jpg

Views of Main Street in Clarksburg (left) and the Benedum Civic Center in Bridgeport (right). Clarksburg and Bridgeport are the largest cities in Harrison County.

• Fletcher Covered Bridge
• Kelly Miller High School
• Oak Mounds
• Simpson Creek Covered Bridge
• The Waldomore

Notable people

• John S. Carlile, Unionist Virginia Senator, 1861 to 1865.
• John W. Davis, Democratic Party candidate for President in 1924
• Guy Goff, Republican Party United States Senator
• Joseph Johnson, 32nd Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia, 1852 to 1856.
• Harry Powers, lonely hearts serial killer hanged in 1932. Basis for The Night of the Hunter by Davis Grubb.
• Jennings Randolph, U.S. Representative from 1933 to 1947 and U.S. Senator from 1958 to 1985.
• Cyrus Vance, U.S. Secretary of State under President Carter, Deputy Secretary of Defense under President Johnson, and Secretary of the Army under President Kennedy.

See also

• Center Branch Wildlife Management Area
• Central West Virginia Transportation Authority
• North Bend Rail Trail
• Watters Smith Memorial State Park
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Harrison County, West Virginia

External links

• Harrison County Chamber of Commerce
• Harrison County Commission