Tlazōlteōtl
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In Aztec mythology, Tlahzolteōtl (or Template:Langx, Template:IPA) is a deity of sex, sexuality, lust, carnality, sin, vice, impurity, temptation, fertility, purification, absolution, steam baths, and a patroness of adulterers. She is known by three names, Template:Lang ("she who eats Template:Lang or filthy excrescence [sin]") and Template:Lang ("the death caused by lust"), and Template:Lang or Template:Lang (Template:Langx, Deity of Cotton), the latter of which refers to a quadripartite association of four sister deities.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref><ref name="Sahagunp23">Template:Harvp</ref><ref name="Sullivan12">Template:Harvp</ref>
Template:Lang is the deity for the 13th Template:Lang of the sacred 260-day calendar Tōnalpōhualli, the one beginning with the day Template:Lang, or First Movement. She is associated with the day sign of the jaguar.<ref>Template:HarvpTemplate:Pages needed</ref>
Tlazōlteōtl played an important role in the confession of wrongdoing through her priests.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref>
Aztec religion
[edit]There was a Huastec mother goddess<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> from the Gulf Coast<ref name="Miller & Taube, p. 1682">Template:Harvp</ref> who was assimilated into Aztec views of Tlazōlteōtl.<ref name=":0" />
Quadripartite deities
[edit]Under the name of Template:Lang she was thought to be quadrupartite, composed of four sisters of different ages known by the names Template:Lang (the first born), Template:Lang (the younger sister, also Template:Lang), Template:Lang (the middle sister, also Template:Lang) and Template:Lang (the youngest sister). When conceived of as four individual deities, they were called Template:Lang or Template:Lang;<ref name="Sahagunp23"/><ref name="Sullivan12"/> individually, they were deities of luxury.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref>
Sin
[edit]Forgiveness of sin
[edit]According to Aztec belief, it was Tlazōlteōtl who inspired vicious desires and who likewise forgave and cleaned away sin.<ref name="Soustelle199"/> She was also thought to cause disease, especially STDs. It was said that Tlazōlteōtl and her companions would afflict people with disease if they indulged themselves in forbidden love.<ref name="Soustelle193"/> The uncleanliness was considered both on a physical and moral level and could be cured by steam bath, a rite of purification, or calling upon the Tlazoltēteoh, the deities of love and desires.<ref name="Soustelle193">Template:Harvp</ref>
Purification
[edit]For the Aztecs, there were two main deities thought to preside over purification: Tezcatlipoca, because he was thought to be invisible and omnipresent, therefore seeing everything; and Tlazōlteōtl, the deity of lechery and unlawful love.<ref name="Soustelle199">Template:Harvp</ref> It is said that when a man confessed before Tlazōlteōtl everything was revealed. Purification with Tlazōlteōtl would be done through a priest. One could only receive the "mercy" once in their life, which is why the practice was most common among the elderly.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref>
The priest (tlapouhqui) would be consulted by the penitent and would consult the 260-day ritual calendar (tōnalpōhualli) to determine the best day and time for the purification to take place. On that day, he would listen to the sins confessed and then render judgment and penance, ranging from fasts to presentation of offerings and ritual song and dance, depending on the nature and the severity of the sin.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref>
Dirt eating
[edit]Template:Lang was called "Deity of Dirt" (Template:Lang) and "Eater of Ordure" (Template:Lang, 'she who eats dirt [sin]') with her dual nature of deity of dirt and also of purification. Sins were symbolized by dirt. Her dirt-eating symbolized the ingestion of the sin and in doing so purified it.<ref name="Sullivan1982p15">Template:Harvp</ref><ref name="Patrisia2012p98"/> She was depicted with ochre-colored symbols of divine excrement around her mouth and nose.<ref name="Patrisia2012p98"/> In the Aztec language the word for sacred, Template:Wikt-lang, comes from Template:Lang, the buttocks, and religious rituals include offerings of "liquid gold" (urine) and gold (Nahuatl teocuitlatl "divine excrement", which Klein jocularly translated to English as "holy shit").<ref name="Patrisia2012p98"/><ref name="Klein1993p20">Template:Cite journal</ref> Through this process, she helped create harmony in communities.<ref name="Patrisia2012p98">Template:Cite book</ref>
Festival
[edit]Template:Lang was one of the primary Aztec deities celebrated in the festival of Template:Lang (meaning "sweeping") that was held September 2–21 to recognize the harvest season. The ceremonies conducted during this timeframe included ritual cleaning, sweeping, and repairing, as well as the casting of corn seed, dances, and military ceremonies.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref>
In popular culture
[edit]In the film Raiders of the Lost Ark, the fictitious artifact, the Golden Idol is based on the actual Aztec Dumbarton Oaks birthing figure. The artifact is presumed to depict Tlazōlteōtl.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Gallery
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The moons represent the cyclical nature of sin and purification, and the animal motifs serve to ground the deity in the earth and indicate fertility.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref>
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Another drawing from the Codex Borgia
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Huaxtec statue of Tlazōlteōtl from Mexico, 900-1450 CE (British Museum, id:Template:British-Museum-db)
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
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