Esko Aho
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Short description Template:Infobox officeholder Esko Tapani Aho (born 20 May 1954) is a Finnish politician who was prime minister of Finland from 1991 to 1995.<ref>Template:Cite web Template:Dead link</ref>
Early life and career
[edit]Aho was born in Veteli, Finland. Prior to attending university, he began a career in politics. From 1974 to 1979, he was chairman of the Finnish Centre Youth, many of whose previous chairmen had risen to high political positions. In 1978, he became a presidential elector, a position he also held in 1982 and 1998. From 1979 to 1980, Aho was political secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 1980 to 1983, he was a trade promoter for the municipality of Kannus.<ref name="EU">Ex-post Evaluation of the IST Thermatic Priority, 6th FP. Retrieved 23 January 2010.</ref>
Aho studied at the University of Helsinki, graduating with a Master of Social Science degree in 1981.<ref name="EU" />
Since 2010 he has been a member of the board of the Skolkovo Innovation Center. Currently, he is a visiting professor at Sciences Po, Paris.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Parliamentary career
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Aho was first elected to the Finnish Parliament (eduskunta) in 1983. He became chairman of the Centre Party in 1990, a position that he held until 2002. The party was at the time one of three major political parties in Finland.<ref>Template:Cite web. Retrieved 23 January 2010.</ref>
At 36 years of age, he was the youngest prime minister in Finnish history.<ref name="iop.harvard.edu">Template:Cite web</ref>
Aho was the prime minister of a centre-right coalition government (Centre Party, National Coalition Party, Christian Democrats and Swedish People's Party) from 1991 to 1995. He is best known for leading Finland into the European Union.<ref name="iop.harvard.edu" /> Aho's own party, most of whose voters lived and live in rural areas, was the most opposed to EU membership among major parties. The greatest concern of these voters was the EU's effect on Finnish agriculture,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but they were persuaded to support membership due to the prime minister's diplomacy. Finland applied for EU membership on 16 March 1992, and a referendum was held two and a half years later.<ref>Journal of European Integration, Volume 19, Issue 1 Autumn 1995 , pages 43 – 69 Enlargement of the European Union and the Nordic Model</ref> Aho's government also faced the deep economic depression of the early 1990s. Despite a steep rise in the national debt, the Aho government applied a stringent policy of austerity that made it unpopular. This partly caused its fall in the 1995 election and the Centre Party's eight-year period in the opposition.<ref>Porvarihallitus: Porvarihallitusten ottama velka, accessed 28 March 2011.</ref>
Aho had the nickname "Kennedy of Kannus" Kannus being his hometown) due to his streamlined and well coiffed habitus reminiscent of John F. Kennedy.
Esko Aho lost the bid for President of Finland to Tarja Halonen in 2000. He subsequently retired from active politics, initially in the form of a "sabbatical leave" of one year, during which he led a study group on the EU in the 2000 fall semester at Harvard University (where he was a resident fellow at the Institute of Politics).<ref name="iop.harvard.edu" /> In the 2003 election he leftTemplate:Clarify parliament and retired from daily politics. He then served as the president of the Finnish national innovation fund SITRA (the Finnish National Fund for Research and Development).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2008, Aho's name was included in an opinion poll on possible presidential candidates, in which he ranked last.<ref>Template:Cite web Stubb kärkikolmikossa presidenttikyselyssä YLE 20 August 2010</ref>
On 1 November 2008, Aho became Nokia's executive vice president of corporate relations and responsibility and became a member of its executive board.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Esko Aho to join Nokia on 1 November 2008 – Veli Sundbäck to retire at the end of May 2009 Nokia</ref>
At the time of his rise to prime minister, he was the youngest head of government in Europe.
Banks
[edit]Aho became a member of the board of directors of the Russian Sberbank in 2016.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He resigned from the position in February 2022 following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Honors
[edit]- File:FIN Order of the White Rose Grand Cross BAR.svg Order of the White Rose of Finland (Finland, 1992)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- File:EST Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana - 1st Class BAR.svg Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (Estonia, 2003)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- File:Cordone di gran Croce OMRI BAR.svg Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Italy, 1993)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Cabinets
[edit]See also
[edit]References
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Template:FinnishPrimeMinisters Template:CentrePartyFinlandLeaders
- Pages with broken file links
- 1954 births
- Living people
- People from Veteli
- Centre Party (Finland) politicians
- Prime ministers of Finland
- Speakers of the Parliament of Finland
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1983–1987)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1987–1991)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1991–1995)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1995–1999)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1999–2003)
- Nokia people
- University of Helsinki alumni
- Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class
- Candidates for President of Finland