Massive Attack

Massive Attack are an English trip hop collective formed in 1988 in Bristol, England by Robert "3D" Del Naja, Grant "Daddy G" Marshall, Adrian "Tricky" Thaws and Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles. The group currently consists of Del Naja and Marshall.

In 1991, they released their debut album, Blue Lines, which has been included on numerous best-of lists and is generally considered the first album of the 'trip-hop' genre.<ref name=":2" /> The single "Unfinished Sympathy" was a chart hit in Europe, including number one on the Dutch Top 40, and was later voted the 63rd-greatest song of all time in a poll by NME.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1994, they released their second album Protection. Thaws left the band later that year to pursue a solo career. In 1998, they released their third album, Mezzanine, giving them their first number one on the UK Albums Chart. Mezzanine also contains the top-10 single "Teardrop", which earned further recognition as the opening theme of the American television series House.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1999, Vowles left the band, with Del Naja and Marshall continuing as a duo. They further released the albums 100th Window (2003) and Heligoland (2010).

Both Blue Lines and Mezzanine feature in Rolling StoneTemplate:'s list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The group have collaborated with several recurring guest vocalists, including Horace Andy, Shara Nelson, Tracey Thorn, Elizabeth Fraser, Sinéad O'Connor, Damon Albarn and Hope Sandoval.

Massive Attack's awards include a Brit Award for Best British Dance Act, two MTV Europe Music Awards, and two Q Awards.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Their five studio albums have sold over 13 million copies worldwide.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite book</ref> Massive Attack are also known for supporting several political, human rights and environmental causes.

History

The Wild Bunch and "Any Love" (1980s–1990)

In the early 1980s, DJs Daddy G and Mushroom, and rappers Tricky and 3D met as members of partying collective the Wild Bunch. One of the first homegrown sound systems in the UK, the Wild Bunch became dominant on the Bristol club scene in the mid-1980s.<ref name="auto"/>

In 1988, Massive Attack was created as a spin-off quartet. Unsigned, the group (Mushroom, Daddy G, 3D and Tricky) put out "Any Love" as a single.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It was co-produced by Bristol double-act Smith & Mighty and featured the falsetto-voiced singer-songwriter Carlton McCarthy. In 1990, they committed to deliver six studio albums and a "best of" compilation to Circa Records. This record label became a subsidiary of, and was later subsumed into, Virgin Records, which in turn was acquired by EMI.<ref name="allmusicbio">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="timedigital">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Blue Lines and "Unfinished Sympathy" (1991–1993)

File:Robert Del Naja@Barcelone-crop.jpg

Robert Del Naja at Barcelona 2007

In 1989, 3D co-wrote Neneh Cherry's Manchild.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This working relationship continued with Cherry helping Massive Attack to record their first album Blue Lines. Cherry's partner Cameron McVey was an executive producer of the album and became the group's first manager.<ref name="brandplayson">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Cherry and McVey provided financial support, via the Cherry Bear organisation, and the album was partly recorded in their house.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The band used guest vocalists, interspersed with their own sprechgesang stylings, on top of what became regarded as an essentially British creative sampling production; a trademark sound that fused hip hop, soul, reggae and other eclectic references, both musical and lyrical.<ref name="allmusicbio" /> The album used vocalists including Horace Andy and Shara Nelson, a former Wild Bunch cohort.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> MC Willie Wee, also once part of the Wild Bunch, featured. Neneh Cherry sang backing vocals on environmentalist anthem, "Hymn of the Big Wheel".<ref name="AllMusic-bluelines" /> Co-production was also provided by Jonny Dollar.

Blue Lines was released on 8 April 1991 on Virgin Records.<ref name="AllMusic-bluelines">Template:Cite web</ref> The album has been retrospectively considered the first of the "trip-hop" genre and received critical acclaim.

That year they released "Unfinished Sympathy" as a single, a string-arranged track at Abbey Road studio, scored by Will Malone.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The group temporarily shortened their name to "Massive" on the advice of McVey to avoid controversy relating to the Gulf War.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> They returned to being "Massive Attack" for their next single, "Safe from Harm".

Protection and Melankolic (1994–1997)

Template:Main For their second album, the band brought in Everything but the Girl's Tracey Thorn<ref name="allmusicbio" /> and Nicolette as vocalists and released "Protection" on 26 September 1994.

With McVey out of the picture,Template:Clarify Massive Attack enlisted the production talents of former Wild Bunch Nellee Hooper to co-produce some songs on it, with Mushroom. Other tracks were co-produced by the Insects and 3D. A dub version, No Protection, was released the following year by Mad Professor. Protection won a Brit award for Best Dance Act.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The other collaborators on Protection were Marius de Vries and Craig Armstrong,<ref name="lynskey">Template:Cite news</ref> a Scottish classical pianist.

In 1995, Tricky decided to end his involvement with the band in order to pursue a solo career.<ref name="allmusicbio" /> The crediting of Tricky's contribution for Blue Lines was also a source of friction.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This was also the period of the release of Tricky's Maxinquaye and Portishead's Dummy. The term "trip hop" was coined and was referred to by the media as part of the "Bristol scene".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1995, Massive Attack started a label distributed by Virgin/EMI, Melankolic, and signed Craig Armstrong and a number of other artists such as Horace Andy, Lewis Parker, Alpha, Sunna, and Day One. The group espoused a non-interference philosophy that allowed the artists to make their albums in the way they wanted.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The same year the Insects became unavailable for co-production and having parted ways with Nellee Hooper, the band were introduced to Neil Davidge,<ref name="bbcinterview">Template:Cite web</ref> a relatively unknown producer who had an association with anonymous dance-pop outfit DNA. The first track they worked on was "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game", a cover version sung by Tracey Thorn for the Batman Forever soundtrack. Initially, Davidge was brought in as engineer, but soon became producer.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

The group increasingly fractured in the lead-up to the third album, Davidge having to co-produce the three producers' ideas separately. Mushroom was reported to be unhappy with the degree of the post-punk direction in which 3D, increasingly filling the production vacuum, was taking the band.<ref name="bbcinterview" />

In 1997, the group contributed to the film soundtrack of The Jackal, recording "Superpredators (Metal Postcard)", a song containing a sample of Siouxsie and the Banshees' "Mittageisen"<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and "Dissolved Girl", a new song with vocals by Sarah Jay (that was later remixed for the next album), which was featured at the beginning of the 1999 film The Matrix, although it was not on the official soundtrack.

Later that year they released a single, "Risingson", from what would be their third album, Mezzanine.<ref name="AllMusic-mezzanine">Template:Cite web</ref>

Mezzanine, "Teardrop", Vowles's departure and Marshall's absence (1997–2001)

Template:Main In 1997, 3D became the band's main producer in the recording sessions that made Mezzanine, Massive Attack's most commercially successful album,<ref name="dazeddigital.com">Template:Cite web</ref> selling nearly four million copies. It featured Neil Davidge as a sound engineer and co-producer, and Horace Andy and Elizabeth Fraser as the main guest vocalists. During recording, Angelo Bruschini became their permanent lead guitarist both in a session capacity and live.<ref name="AllMusic-mezzanine" />

The lead single, after "Risingson", was "Teardrop", sung by Fraser of Cocteau Twins. The song was accompanied by a video directed by Walter Stern, of an animatronic singing fetus. Horace Andy sang on three songs, including "Angel". A track the band made for the film The Jackal, "Dissolved Girl", sung by Sarah Jay, was remixed for inclusion on the record.

Mezzanine went on to win a Q Award for Best Album<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> as well as being nominated for a Mercury Prize.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Touring extensively, friction between Mushroom and the other band members came to a head. Mushroom was unhappy with the direction of the group and having to appear on tour. In 1999, Mushroom left the band.<ref name="sawyer">Template:Cite news</ref>

Around this time, 3D, with Davidge decamped into Ridge Farm studio with friends and band members of Lupine Howl (made up of former members of the band Spiritualized, including Damon Reece, who went on to be Massive Attack's permanent session drummer and one of two live drummers) towards a fourth Massive Attack LP, taking things even further into a rock direction.<ref name="brandplayson" /> 2001 also saw the release of Eleven Promos, a DVD of Massive Attack's 11 music videos thus far, including "Angel", a £100,000+ promo.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Despite having taken 3D's side after Mushroom's departure and participating in a webcast as a duo in 2000, Daddy G took a personal break from the band in 2001.

100th Window, Marshall's return and Collected (2002–2006)

File:Daddy g.jpg

Grant Marshall at the Eurockéennes Festival 2008

With Daddy G temporarily no longer involved in the studio, Davidge and 3D steered "LP4" on their own. Enlisting the vocals of Sinéad O'Connor and Horace Andy, 100th Window was mastered in August 2002 and released in February 2003.<ref name=allmusic100thwindow>Template:Cite web</ref> Featuring no samples or cover versions, 100th Window was not as critically well received in Britain as the other records, although the album received a warmer reception internationally, scoring a 75 out of 100 on review aggregation site Metacritic.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The group collaborated with Mos Def on the track "I Against I", which appeared on the "Special Cases" single and the soundtrack for Blade II. "I Against I" is also notable as the only track from the 100th Window sessions that features a writing credit from Daddy G. 100th Window sold over one million copies and was toured extensively (including Queen Square, Bristol—a one-off sell out concert set up in the city centre park, which was seen as a homecoming).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Also in 2003, 3D was arrested on allegations involving child pornography, which were reported widely in the media.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> 3D was soon eliminated as a suspect<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (although he was charged with ecstasy possession and unable to get a U.S. visa for a while) with Daddy G and fans offering their support. The arrest affected the beginning of the 100th Window tour schedule.

In 2005, 3D and Davidge agreed to an offer from director Louis Leterrier to score the entire soundtrack for Danny the Dog, starring Jet Li. Dot Allison, who had sung with the band on the 100th Window tour, sang the end title track, "Aftersun". 3D and Davidge also scored the soundtrack for the Bullet Boy film, with 3D on the end title vocals.

In 2005, Daddy G started coming into the studio, although little came of the material. He decided to instead work with a production duo, Robot Club, in another studio, feeling that he would be more free to develop tracks in the way he wanted. Meanwhile, 3D and Davidge recorded with a number of different singers as well as creating a track named "Twilight", for UNKLE's War Stories album. Later that year, Massive Attack decided to release their contractually obliged compilation album Collected in 2006. They released it with a second disc, made up of previously released non-album songs and unreleased sketches.<ref name=allmusic100thwindow/>

"Weather Underground" / Heligoland (2007–2011)

Template:Main In 2007, 3D and Davidge scored three soundtracks, In Prison My Whole Life (which featured a track called "Calling Mumia" with vocals by American rapper Snoop Dogg), Battle in Seattle and Trouble the Water.

In February 2007, Massive Attack hosted a charity benefit for the Hoping Foundation, a charity for Palestinian children. In 2008, it was announced that Massive Attack were to curate the UK's Southbank Meltdown, a week-long event. It was suggested in interviews that this event would inspire Massive Attack back into action, having spent several years drifting towards the completion of their fifth studio album.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Later that year, 3D and Daddy G headed to Damon Albarn's studios for some writing and jamming. Around this time, Davidge scored the soundtrack for a Paul McGuigan film, Push and in December, 3D completed the score for 44 Inch Chest with the Insects and Angelo Badalamenti.

Davidge and 3D got back together in 2009 with Daddy G to finish the fifth album, incorporating bits of the Albarn material. Later it was announced that the band were to headline the 2009 Bestival festival,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and soon after that they were to tour the UK and Europe. In May, 3D's instrumental "Herculaneum", featured in the film Gomorra, won an Italian award for Best Song. Later that month, 3D and Daddy G picked up a special Ivor Novello award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

On 29 May 2009, Jonny Dollar died of cancer aged 45, survived by his wife and four children. Dollar was the programmer and hands-on producer behind Blue Lines, writing some of the melodies that were the basis for the string arrangements in "Unfinished Sympathy".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On 25 August 2009 their new EP, Splitting the Atom, was announced. The other new tracks on the EP were Tunde Adebimpe's "Pray For Rain", Martina Topley-Bird's "Psyche" and Guy Garvey's "Bulletproof Love". The latter two tracks appear as remixes of the album versions.

The fifth album was released on 12 November 2009, called Heligoland, after the German archipelago of Heligoland, after a previous project called "Weather Underground" was abandoned.<ref name="auto"/> 3D said "I think it's got definitely a more organic feel".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The opening track, "Pray For Rain" featured guest vocals of TV on the Radio's Tunde Adebimpe. Damon Albarn, Martina Topley-Bird and Mazzy Star frontwoman Hope Sandoval also provide guest vocals on the album. 3D said in October 2010, to the Spinner website, that his plans were now for "unorthodox" releases of several EPs in 2011, rather than an album.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Ritual Spirit EP and working with Tricky again (2013–2019)

In a 2013 interview for his first solo art show since 2008, 3D confirmed that not only was new Massive Attack material in the works, but that rumours of a reunion with Tricky were true.<ref name=metrotreunion>Template:Cite web</ref> Tricky had not been featured on a Massive Attack album since 1994's Protection.

On 5 February 2014, it was confirmed that Massive Attack would headline at Secret Solstice, a new music festival in Reykjavík in June.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On 21 February 2015, it was confirmed through the Massive Attack Facebook page that they would be collaborating with Run the Jewels.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application "Fantom" was released. The application was developed by a team including 3D and let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera.Template:Citation needed

On 28 January 2016, Massive Attack released a new EP, Ritual Spirit, which includes the four songs released on Fantom. The EP was written and produced by 3D and new collaborator, Euan Dickinson.

It was their first release since the 2011 Four Walls / Paradise Circus collaboration with Burial, and the first time since 1994 that Tricky had been featured on Massive Attack content. Scottish hip-hop group Young Fathers, London rapper Roots Manuva and singer Azekel also featured on the EP.<ref name="consquenceofsound_2016">Template:Cite web</ref>

On 26 July 2016, Massive Attack previewed three new songs: "Come Near Me", "The Spoils", and "Dear Friend" on the Fantom iPhone application on which they previously previewed the four songs from the Ritual Spirit EP.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On 29 July 2016, they released a new EP, "The Spoils", which includes "The Spoils" and "Come Near Me", both previewed on Fantom. The EP was written and produced by Daddy G, without 3D's involvement. "The Spoils" features vocals from American singer-songwriter Hope Sandoval, and "Come Near Me" features British vocalist Ghostpoet. A music video for "Come Near Me", directed by Ed Morris, and featuring Kosovan actress Arta Dobroshi, was released the same day as the single.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The video for "The Spoils", featuring Cate Blanchett and directed by Australian director John Hillcoat, was released on 9 August 2016.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 13 July 2018, Massive Attack cancelled their appearance at the Mad Cool festival in Madrid because of sound bleed from Franz Ferdinand on a neighbouring stage. The festival offered several solutions to accommodate the band, but Massive Attack rejected them all.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2019, Massive Attack went on tour to promote the 20th anniversary rerelease of Mezzanine, billed as "Mezzanine XX1". The American tour dates, originally scheduled for April, were postponed to September due to illness in the band.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Eutopia EP and audiovisual releases (2020–present)

In July 2020, Massive Attack released a political audiovisual EP called Eutopia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The three-track fusion was created across five cities during the COVID-19 global lockdown period, and was partly formed by generative algorithmic visuals from AI art pioneer Mario Klingemann and collaborations with Algiers, Young Fathers and US poet Saul Williams.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The conceptual project, co-written and produced by 3D and documentary filmmaker Mark Donne, featured strong arguments for global system change from UN Paris Climate Agreement author Christiana Figueres, founder of the Universal Basic Income Principle Professor Guy Standing and inventor of the US "Wealth Tax" policy Professor Gabriel Zucman. Each video ends with a quote from Thomas More's Utopia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Massive Attack were scheduled to headline the 2022 edition of the Primavera Sound music festival in Barcelona, Spain, but an unnamed band member's serious illness forced the band to cancel its appearance with the rest of its European tour.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Angelo Bruschini, who played guitar on Mezzanine and 100th Window and had toured with the band since 1995, died of lung cancer on 23 October 2023.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The group played their first show in five years on 5 June 2024 in Gothenburg, Sweden, joined by guests Elizabeth Fraser, Horace Andy and Young Fathers, who all toured with the band during their European shows that summer.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The same line-up played Bristol in August. Billed as a 'Climate Action Accelerator' gig, the group worked with local businesses to reduce the event's environmental impact.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Around this time, Massive Attack announced their first American tour since 2019; again to feature Fraser, Andy and Young Fathers. However, on 11 October 2024, the group cancelled all the US dates less than a week before. They cited "unforeseen circumstances" as the reason.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In a December 2024 interview with NME, 3D revealed plans to release new music next year that had been ready since 2020 but was held up by record label disputes. He also said the band rejected an offer to play Coachella 2025 because of its environmental impact.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Musical style

Some of their most noted songs have been without choruses and have featured dramatically atmospheric dynamics. They use distorted guitar crescendos, lavish orchestral arrangements and prominent looped/shifting basslines. Underpinned by high and exacting production values, sometimes using copious digital editing and mixing.<ref name=timedigital/> The pace of their music has often been slower than prevalent British dance music of the time. These and other psychedelic, soundtrack-like and DJist techniques, formed their style which has often been emulated. Journalists described this sound as "trip hop" from the mid-nineties onwards.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In an interview in 2006, Daddy G said, "We used to hate that terminology trip-hop so bad," [laughs] "You know, as far we were concerned, Massive Attack music was unique, so to put it in a box was to pigeonhole it and to say, 'Right, we know where you guys are coming from.'"<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Other projects

'Fire Sale' exhibition

A solo exhibition of Del Naja's art was held at the Lazarides gallery in central London, from 24 May to 22 June 2013. The show's content spanned a period of over twenty years and featured many of the art pieces that Del Naja created for Massive Attack. Each piece, reinterpreted especially for the exhibition, was hand-printed and finished. The show also featured three one-off 'digital infinity mirrors', two of which contained phrases supplied by Reprieve that were extracted from drone pilot dialogues. Del Naja performed a DJ set during the opening night on 23 May 2013.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Massive Attack and Adam Curtis

Del Naja conceived and designed an eight-night festival with filmmaker Adam Curtis—in collaboration with UVA (United Visual Artists)—that premiered in Manchester, UK in July 2013. The festival featured Curtis's film, unofficially titled The Plan, which was projected on a huge screen surrounding the audience, while music from Massive Attack was interweaved throughout the film.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Del Naja, who orchestrated the film's soundtrack, described the experience as a "collective hallucination" and the film was also shown at the Manchester International Festival in July 2013.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Music created by Del Naja for the festival became the score for a BBC production entitled HyperNormalisation in 2016.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2019, Del Naja and Adam Curtis teamed up for a second time on a live show based on the band's Mezzanine album.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The show challenged the idea of nostalgia and power, and featured machine learning GANS and deep fakes from Mario Klingemann, as well as new films from Curtis that were used to tell a narrative story. They were used as visuals for cover versions of non Massive Attack songs based on samples and loops that made up the album's identity.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Mezzanine DNA

In April 2019, it was reported that Massive Attack had encoded Mezzanine into DNA to mark the 20th anniversary of the seminal 1998 album. The album has also been made available in the form of a matte black spray paint can. A limited number of spray cans will contain the DNA encoded audio within matte black paint and each can will contain approximately one million copies of the album.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Addressing the novel storage method, Del Naja – who is also known as a graffiti artist as '3D' – said: "It’s a creative way to store your back catalogue, although DNA-encoded spray paint is unlikely to be adopted by street artists seeking anonymity".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Activism and politics

Anti-war advocacy

Robert Del Naja was critical of the policies of the UK government under Tony Blair. He was strongly opposed to the 2003 war against Iraq, and with fellow musician Damon Albarn personally paid for full-page advertisements against the war in the NME magazine.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

Massive Attack have worked with Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and Stop the War Coalition, while also having helped fund a legal challenge to military intervention in international courts.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Human rights

In 2008, Massive Attack curated the annual Meltdown festival on London's South Bank. During the two weeks of live performance, cinema and art, they worked with human rights lawyer Clive Stafford Smith and his organisation Reprieve which uses the law to enforce the human rights of prisoners.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2010, the video shot by Adam Broomberg and Oliver Chanarin for the song "Saturday Come Slow", featuring Albarn, drew attention to the use of music in torture.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Massive Attack donated all proceeds from their 2010 EP Atlas Air to War Child, a charity the band previously supported when they contributed to The Help Album.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

British politics

In 2007, Del Naja, musicians Albarn and Brian Eno, and United Visual Artists contributed to a Greenpeace demonstration against the renewal of the Trident nuclear programme that was held on board the Arctic Sunrise on the River Thames.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On 14 November 2012, on the eve of the Bristol Mayor election, the band caused some surprise by endorsing independent millionaire and former Liberal Democrat George Ferguson, citing the need for a mayor who would help facilitate creative projects to the city, and wasn't simply following a party political agenda.<ref name="24-7">Template:Cite news</ref> Previously, Del Naja had openly criticised Ferguson for being a member of the Society of Merchant Venturers,<ref name="post01">Template:Cite news</ref> an organisation dating back to the 16th century which had many connections with the Bristol slave trade.<ref name="Nash">Template:Cite web</ref> Del Naja endorsed Ferguson again in the 2016 election.Template:Citation needed

In September 2018, Massive Attack criticised the Mayor of Bristol for cancelling the Bristol Arena project in the Temple Meads area of Bristol. The Mayor had announced a private sector company, YTL would build a privately funded arena in Filton, a northern suburb of Bristol and the band announced they would not play there. Despite this, when a pop up arena was temporarily erected on the Filton site, Massive Attack played two gigs in March 2019.

In November 2019, along with other public figures, Massive Attack signed a letter supporting Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn describing him as "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic world" and endorsed him in the 2019 UK general election.<ref name="nme">Template:Cite news</ref>

In June 2024, Massive Attack endorsed and donated money to Carla Denyer, the co-leader of the Green Party, as MP for Bristol Central. They said "General Election 2024 is an opportunity for #Bristol to consolidate its green reputation by electing an MP who is resolutely focused on #ClimateAction and unambiguous on the matter of genocide in #Gaza. @carla_denyer is that candidate."<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref>

International politics

Del Naja and Thom Yorke of Radiohead threw an unofficial party at the occupied UBS building in the city of London in December 2011, in support for the international Occupy movement.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

During a concert in Istanbul in 2014, Massive Attack named those who died in anti-government protests at Gezi Park on the outdoor screen at their back with the following sentences: "Their killers are still out there" and "We won't forget Soma".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In June 2024, Massive Attack cancelled a concert at the Black Sea Arena in Tbilisi, originally scheduled for 28 July, in response to the Georgian government's repression of the nationwide civil protests against law proposals that could have restricted freedom of press and LGBT rights in the country; in an official statement, the band explained their decision by writing quote, "At this moment, performing at the state-owned Black Sea Arena could be seen as an endorsement of their violent crackdown against peaceful protests and civil society".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

In late July 2014, Del Naja and Marshall visited the Bourj el-Barajneh refugee camp in Lebanon to meet with Palestinian volunteers at an educational centre. The band's profit from the show in Byblos was donated to the centre.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2017, Massive Attack performed three shows in support of Hoping, an organisation that helps raise money and supports projects for Palestinian youth in refugee camps in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, Lebanon and Syria.Template:Citation needed

Massive Attack have previously played three shows in Israel, but have boycotted it since 1999 "as a form of non-violent pressure on Israel to end its brutal occupation of Palestine".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> They have described their decision as "not an action of aggression towards the Israeli people", but "towards the [Israeli] government and its policies", arguing that "the Palestinians [in Gaza and the West Bank] have no access to the same fundamental benefits that the Israelis do."<ref name="NS">Template:Cite news</ref> In May 2020, Massive Attack co-signed an open letter urging Israel to end the blockade of the Gaza Strip.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In May 2024, the group publicly expressed their support to the music acts who had decided to boycott The Great Escape Festival in Brighton and Hove, in protest against the event's sponsor Barclays and its investments in companies supplying arms that were reportedly used by Israeli military forces in their invasion of the Gaza Strip.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>

After the band Kneecap were criticized for displaying pro-Palestinian messages at Coachella in April 2025, Massive Attack published a statement supporting the group saying, "Kneecap are not the story. Gaza is the story. Genocide is the story."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Decarbonisation project

On 28 November 2019, Robert Del Naja announced that Massive Attack partnered with a research centre based at the University of Manchester to explore the music industry's climate impact. He wrote in a column in The Guardian: "the commissioning of the renowned Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research to map the full carbon footprint of typical tour cycles, and to look specifically at the three key areas where CO2 emissions in our sector are generated." This will include information about band travel and production, audience transport and venue. "The resulting roadmap to decarbonisation will be shared with other touring acts, promoters and festival/venue owners to assist swift and significant emissions reductions."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Environmentalism

In 2010, Massive Attack donated the income from a Lincoln car commercial to the clean up campaign after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Since October 2018, Massive Attack have also been supporting the climate activists of the Extinction Rebellion group, also known as XR, which conducted protests in London in October 2018 then April 2019. On 21 April, Massive Attack played a DJ set for the Extinction Rebellion protesters<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref> in the heart of London in Marble Arch.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In July and October 2019, the group protested in 60 other cities worldwide,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Robert Del Naja providing a portable radio network using speakers in backpacks with receivers and transmitters for the campaigners in London.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

In 2021 the band published a report they had commissioned from the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. The report examined the impact of live music on the environment and gave a set of recommendations for meeting the Paris agreement targets. Del Naja criticised the UK government for not doing more to meet the targets.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Massive Attack became the first band globally to commit their touring companies to the UN "Race to Zero" – Paris 1.5 compatible emissions reductions schedule.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The band played a Bristol show named "Act 1.5" on 24 August 2024 with the goal of being a "large-scale climate action accelerator", blazing a "trail for new standards of decarbonisation of live music." There were 25 different measures to minimise carbon, including giving extra benefits to local attendees and those travelling by train, powering the venue by renewable energy only, serving only plant-based foods and minimising waste through compostable plates and cutlery.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Other

In 2005, Massive Attack performed at a charity concert in Bristol for Tsunami relief with Adrian Utley and Geoff Barrow of Portishead. The two-night event featured Massive Attack, Portishead, Robert Plant, the Coral and Albarn. Massive Attack performed an intimate "un-plugged" set, and invited Fraser to reprise her lead vocals on "Teardrop". The group collaborated with Portishead's Beth Gibbons on the song "Glory Box" to end their set.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In March 2018, following the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal, Massive Attack suspended their Facebook page, stating: "In light of Facebook’s continued disregard for your privacy, their lack of transparency and disregard for accountability – Massive Attack will be temporarily withdrawing."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Band members

Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2 Current members

• Robert "3D" Del Naja – vocals, keyboards, guitars, programmer, arranger, producer, mixer (1988–present)
• Grant "Daddy G" Marshall – vocals, keyboards, guitars, programmer, producer (1988–2001, 2005–present)

Former members

• Adrian "Tricky" Thaws – vocals, keyboards, bass, producer (1988–1995, 2016)
• Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles – keyboards, drums, turntables, arranger, producer, mixer, programmer (1988–1999)

Recurring collaborators

• Horace Andy – vocals (1990–present)
• Shara Nelson – vocals (1991)
• Tracey Thorn – vocals, guitars (1994)
• Neil Davidge – bass, guitars, drums, keyboards, piano, occasional backing vocals (1998–2012)
• Elizabeth Fraser – vocals
• Damon Albarn – vocals, bass, keyboards (2003–2010)
• Sinéad O'Connor – vocals (2003)
• Stephanie Dosen – vocals, guitars (2008–2010)

Touring members

• Deborah Miller – vocals, percussion (1990–present)
• Winston Blissett – bass guitar (1995–present)
• Elizabeth Fraser – vocals (1998–present)
• Damon Reece – drums (2006–present)
• Julien Brown – electronic drums (2009–present)
• Horace Andy – vocals (2011–present)
• Euan Dickinson – keyboards, synthesizers, samples (2016–present)
• Alex Lee – guitars (2019–present)

Former touring members

• Angelo Bruschini – guitars (1995–2023; his death)
• Andrew Small – drums, electronic drums (1995–2008)
• Kwame Boaten – bass (1996–1999)
• Michael Timothy – keyboards, synthesizers, samples (1998)
• Dot Allison – vocals, guitar (2003)
• Arden Hart – keyboards (2003, 2006)
• Lucy Wilkins – violin, keyboards (2003)
• Hazel Fernandez – vocals (2004)
• Yolanda Quartey – vocals (2004)
• John Baggott – keyboards, synthesizers, samples (2008–2010)
• Azekel – vocals (2016)

Timeline

<timeline> ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:18 PlotArea = left:140 bottom:100 top:0 right:20 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1988 till:31/12/2023 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:4 ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:01/01/1988 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/1988

Colors =

 id:vocals     value:red        legend:Vocals
 id:guitars    value:green      legend:Guitars
 id:keys       value:purple     legend:Keyboards
 id:bass       value:blue       legend:Bass
 id:DJ         value:lavender   legend:Turntables
 id:drums      value:orange     legend:Drums
 id:album      value:black      legend:Album
 id:ep         value:gray(0.5)  legend:EP

Linedata=

layer:back
 color:Album
 at:08/04/1991
 at:26/09/1994
 at:20/04/1998
 at:10/02/2003
 at:08/02/2010
 color:EP
 at:04/10/2009
 at:28/01/2016
 at:10/07/2020

BarData =

 bar:DelNaja     text:"Robert Del Naja"
 bar:Marshall    text:"Grant Marshall"
 bar:Vowles      text:"Andrew Vowles"
 bar:Thaws       text:"Adrian 'Tricky' Thaws"
 bar:Davidge     text:"Neil Davidge"
 bar:Andy        text:"Horace Andy"
 bar:Nelson      text:"Shara Nelson"
 bar:Thorn       text:"Tracey Thorn"
 bar:Dosen       text:"Stephanie Dosen"

PlotData =

 width:11
 bar:DelNaja       from:01/01/1988    Till:end         color:vocals
 bar:DelNaja       from:01/01/1988    Till:end         color:keys    width:7
 bar:DelNaja       from:01/01/1988    Till:end         color:guitars width:3
 bar:Thaws         from:01/01/1988    Till:20/02/1995  color:vocals
 bar:Thaws         from:01/01/1988    Till:20/02/1995  color:bass    width:3
 bar:Thaws         from:01/01/1988    Till:20/02/1995  color:keys    width:7
 bar:Thaws         from:01/01/2016    Till:31/12/2016  color:vocals
 bar:Thaws         from:01/01/2016    Till:31/12/2016  color:keys width:7
 bar:Thaws         from:01/01/2016    Till:31/12/2016  color:bass width:3
 bar:Marshall      from:01/01/1988    Till:21/01/2001  color:keys
 bar:Marshall      from:01/01/1988    Till:21/01/2001  color:guitars width:7
 bar:Marshall      from:01/01/1988    Till:21/01/2001  color:vocals  width:3
 bar:Marshall      from:21/12/2005    Till:end         color:keys
 bar:Marshall      from:21/12/2005    Till:end         color:guitars width:7
 bar:Marshall      from:21/12/2005    Till:end         color:vocals  width:3
 bar:Vowles        from:01/01/1988    Till:31/12/1999  color:drums
 bar:Vowles        from:01/01/1988    Till:31/12/1999  color:keys    width:3
 bar:Vowles        from:01/01/1988    Till:31/12/1999  color:DJ      width:7
 bar:Davidge       from:31/03/1998    Till:30/04/2012  color:keys
 bar:Davidge       from:31/03/1998    Till:30/04/2012  color:guitars width:7
 bar:Davidge       from:31/03/1998    Till:30/04/2012  color:drums   width:3
 bar:Davidge       from:31/03/1998    Till:30/04/2012  color:bass    width:5
 bar:Andy          from:01/01/1990    Till:30/04/2011  color:vocals
 bar:Dosen         from:01/06/2008    Till:30/11/2010  color:vocals
 bar:Dosen         from:01/06/2008    Till:30/11/2010  color:guitars width:3
 bar:Thorn         from:01/01/1994    Till:02/02/1995  color:vocals
 bar:Thorn         from:01/01/1994    Till:02/02/1995  color:guitars width:3
 bar:Nelson        from:01/01/1990    Till:31/12/1993  color:vocals

</timeline>

Discography

• Blue Lines (1991)
• Protection (1994)
• Mezzanine (1998)
• 100th Window (2003)
• Heligoland (2010)

Legacy

Despite the band rejecting the label, Massive Attack are generally considered to be a pioneering act of the Bristol music scene and the trip hop genre, with some calling them the greatest trip hop band.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Their debut album, Blue Lines, is generally considered to be the first album of the genre, even though the term was not coined until 1994. Both Blue Lines and Mezzanine are considered to be amongst the best albums of the 1990s and of all time.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1999, Unfinished Sympathy was voted the 10th greatest song of all time in a poll by The Guardian.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Awards and nominations

Billboard Music Awards

The Billboard Music Awards honor artists for commercial performance in the U.S., based on record charts published by Billboard.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The awards are based on sales data by Nielsen SoundScan and radio information by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The award ceremony was held from 1990 to 2007, until its reintroduction in 2011.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Award table |- | rowspan=2|2003 | Massive Attack | Top Electronic Artist | Template:Nom |- | 100th Window | Top Electronic Album |Template:Nom Template:End

Berlin Music Video Awards

The Berlin Music Video Awards is an international music festival that promotes the art of music videos.

Year	Nominee / work	Award	Result
2016	VOODOO IN MY BLOOD	Best Performer	Nominated

D&AD Awards

Design and Art Direction (D&AD) is a British educational charity which exists to promote excellence in design and advertising. Template:Award table |- | rowspan="3"| 1999 | rowspan="2"| "Teardrop" | Direction | Template:Won |- | Special Effects | Template:Won |- | Massive Attack – Teaser | Music Packaging and Print Promotion/Promotional Poster | Template:Won |- | rowspan="2"| 2011 | "Splitting the Atom" | Music Video | Template:Won |- | "Atlas Air" | Animation | Template:Won Template:End

Denmark GAFFA Awards

Delivered since 1991. The GAFFA Awards (Danish: GAFFA Prisen) are a Danish award that rewards popular music awarded by the magazine of the same name.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Award table |- | rowspan=2|1999 | Mezzanine | Best Foreign Album | Template:Nom |- | "Teardrop" | Best Foreign Music Video | Template:Won Template:End

Edison Awards

The Edison Award is an annual Dutch music prize, awarded for outstanding achievements in the music industry. It is one of the oldest music awards in the world, having been presented since 1960.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Award table |- | 1992 | rowspan=2|Themselves | Best International Dance/Hip-Hop | Template:Won |- | 1999 | Best International Group | Template:Won Template:End

Fryderyk

The Fryderyk is an annual award ceremony in Poland, presented by the Związek Producentów Audio Video, the IFPI Poland, since 1994. Template:Award table |- | 1998 | Mezzanine | Best Foreign Album | Template:Nom Template:End

Hungarian Music Awards

Hungarian Music Awards is the national music awards of Hungary, held every year since 1992 and promoted by Mahasz. Template:Award table |- | 1999 | Mezzanine | New Trend Album of the Year | Template:Nom |- | 2011 | Heligoland | Alternative Music Album of the Year | Template:Nom Template:End

International Dance Music Awards

The International Dance Music Award was established in 1985. It is a part of the Winter Music Conference, a weeklong electronic music event held annually.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Award table |- | 2011 | "Paradise Circus" | Best Underground Dance Track | Template:Nom Template:End

Ivor Novello Awards

The Ivor Novello Awards are awarded for songwriting and composing. The awards, named after the Cardiff born entertainer Ivor Novello, are presented annually in London by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Award table |- | 2009 | Themselves | Outstanding Contribution to British Music | Template:Won Template:End

MTV Europe Music Awards

The MTV Europe Music Awards were established in 1994 by MTV Europe to celebrate the most popular music videos in Europe. Massive Attack has received two awards from three nominations.

Template:Awards table |- | 1995 || "Protection" || Best Video || Template:Won |- | rowspan="2"| 1998 || "Teardrop" || Best Video ||Template:Won |- | Mezzanine || Best Album || Template:Nom |- Template:End

NME Awards

The NME Awards are annual music awards show founded by the music magazine NME.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Template:Award table |- | rowspan=3|1999<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | Themselves | Best Group | Template:Nom |- | Mezzanine | Best Album | Template:Nom |- | "Teardrop" | Best Single | Template:Nom |- | 2000<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | "Unfinished Sympathy" | Best Ever Single | Template:Nom Template:End

Q Awards

The Q Awards is the UK's annual music awards held by music magazine Q for excellence in music. Massive Attack has received two awards from two nominations.

Template:Awards table |- |rowspan="1"| 1998 || Mezzanine || Best Album<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> || Template:Won |- |rowspan="1"| 2008 || Massive Attack || Innovation in Sound Award || Template:Won |- Template:End

Brit Awards

The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards.

Template:Awards table |- |rowspan="2"| 1996 || "Protection" ||Best British Video || Template:Nom |- | Massive Attack || Best British Dance Act || Template:Won |- |rowspan="5"| 1999 || Mezzanine || MasterCard British Album || Template:Nom |- |rowspan="2"| "Teardrop" || Best British Single || Template:Nom |- | Best British Video || Template:Nom |- |rowspan="2"| Massive Attack || Best British Group || Template:Nom |- | Best British Dance Act || Template:Nom |- Template:End

UK Music Video Awards

The UK Music Video Awards is an annual celebration of creativity, technical excellence and innovation in music video and moving image for music.

Template:Awards table |- |rowspan="3"| 2010 || "Paradise Circus" || rowspan="2"| Best Dance Video || Template:Nom |- |rowspan="2"| "Splitting the Atom" || Template:Nom |- | Best Animation in a Video || Template:Nom |- |rowspan="2"| 2011 || rowspan="2"| "Atlas Air" || Best Animation in a Video || Template:Nom |- | Best Visual Effects in a Video || Template:Nom |- Template:End

Viva Comet Awards

VIVA Comet Awards were an annual awards ceremony, organised by VIVA Germany. Template:Award table |- | 1995 | Massive Attack | Best Avantgarde Act | Template:Won Template:End

Žebřík Music Awards

Template:Award table !Ref. |- | 1998 | "Teardrop" | Best International Video | Template:Nom | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |- | 2006 | Collected | Best International Music DVD | Template:Nom | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:End

Bibliography

Chemam, Melissa, Massive Attack: Out of the Comfort Zone, Tangent Books (2019) Template:ISBN, Template:ISBN

External links

• Template:Official website
• Template:Discogs artist
• Template:IMDb name
• 'Massive Attack: Out of the Comfort Zone'