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Bærum

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Template:Use dmy dates Template:Expand Norwegian Template:Infobox kommune Bærum (Template:IPA) is a municipality in the Greater Oslo Region in Akershus County, Norway. It forms an affluent suburb of Oslo on the west coast of the city. Bærum is Norway's fifth largest municipality with a population of 128,760 (2021). The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sandvika. Bærum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838.

Bærum has the highest income per capita in Norway<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the highest proportion of university-educated individuals.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Bærum, particularly its eastern neighbourhoods bordering West End Oslo, is one of Norway's priciest and most fashionable residential areas, leading Bærum residents to be frequently stereotyped as snobs in Norwegian popular culture. The municipality has been voted the best Norwegian place to live in considering governance and public services to citizens.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Name

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The name (Old Norse: Bergheimr) is composed of berg, which means "mountain", and heimr, which means "homestead" or "farm". It probably originally belonged to a farm located at the base of the prominent mountain of Kolsås. In Old Norse times, the municipality was often called Bergheimsherað, meaning "the herað (parish/district) of Bergheimr".<ref name="snlbærum">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>

Coat-of-arms

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The coat-of-arms was granted on 9 January 1976. They show an old silver-colored lime kiln on a green background. That was an important aspect of the local economy from the Middle Ages until around 1800. There are still some original ovens visible in the municipality.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

History

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The area known today as Bærum was a fertile agricultural area as far back as the Bronze Age, and several archeological finds stem from the Iron Age. The first mention of the name is from the saga of Sverre of Norway, from about 1200. There are ruins of stone churches from the 12th century at Haslum and Tanum.<ref name=ableksikon>Template:Cite book</ref>

The pilgrim road to Trondheim, established after 1030, went through Bærum, and there is evidence that lime kilns were in use in the area in 850. There were shipping ports for the quicklime at Slependen and Sandvika. The lime kiln is the main motif for the municipality's coat of arms.<ref name=ableksikon/>

In the 17th century, iron ore was discovered in Bærum and the ironworks at Bærums Verk were founded. Industries such as paper mills, nail factories, sawmills, glassworks, and brickworks were established along the rivers Lysakerelven and Sandvikselva in the following centuries. There were orchards and other agricultural concerns throughout the area, remnants of which still exist today.<ref name=ableksikon/>

A number of artists established themselves in Bærum, particularly around the art school run by Johan Fredrik Eckersberg. Among the artists who did much of their work in Bærum are Frits Thaulow, Christian Skredsvig, Harriet Backer, Kitty Lange Kielland, Otto Sinding, Eilif Pettersen, Gerhardt Munthe, and Erik Werenskiold.<ref name=ableksikon/>

Starting in the mid-20th century, Bærum's agricultural base gradually gave way to residential construction. Still, only a third of the area, Template:Convert, is built up for residential use; over half is productive forestry; and nearly Template:Convert is still agricultural.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2010, the Eurovision Song Contest was hosted in Bærum.

On 10 August 2019, a gunman opened fire on congregants at the Al-Noor Islamic Centre, after shooting and killing his ethnically Chinese adopted stepsister at their home.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Geography

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File:Lysakerlokket.jpg
Lysakerlokket

The physical geography of Bærum is dominated by a craggy coastline along the Oslofjord and inland, hilly areas rising to the north and east, where there are large forested areas. The mountain of Kolsås forms a natural center, but the municipality also includes the secluded valley of Lommedalen. Four major rivers flow through the municipality: Lysakerelven, Sandvikselva, Lomma, and Øverlandselva, and there are numerous lakes, both in residential and forested areas. The official municipality flower is Anemone ranunculoides.<ref name="snlbærum"/>

The geology of Bærum is part of the Oslo Graben and includes Rhomb porphyry at Kolsås.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref>

Since nearly two-thirds of Bærum's area consists of forests, there are rich opportunities for outdoor activities, such as skiing, hiking, and fishing. The forests are considered part of Marka, the forested areas in and around Greater Oslo. Areas within the municipality of Bærum include Bærumsmarka, Vestmarka, and Krokskogen.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The highest point in Bærum is Vidvangshøgda at Template:Coord with an altitude of Template:Convert. The largest lake is Stovivatnet with an area of Template:Convert at Template:Coord<ref name=ableksikon/>

File:Fornebuveien 40 - 2010-05-06 at 17-08-21.jpg
The head office of SAS Norway and an office of Widerøe in Fornebu
File:Diamanten - 2010-05-06 at 17-12-18.jpg
Diamanten, the head office of Norwegian Air Shuttle, in Fornebu

Economy

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Bærum's industrial base has since the 1950s given way to service industries, including retailing, engineering, public services, etc. It derives much of its tax base by being a bedroom community to Oslo. It is one of the most affluent areas in Norway.<ref name="snlbærum"/>

Two of Norway's busiest highways (E18 and E16) and one railroad traverse the municipality. There has been considerable development of office parks along E18, especially around Lysaker in the last 20–30 years, reducing some of the pressure on downtown areas of Oslo.<ref name="snlbærum"/> Scandinavian Airlines System Norway has its offices in Fornebu, Bærum.<ref>"SAS head office in Norway Template:Webarchive." Scandinavian Airlines System. Retrieved on 8 June 2009.</ref> The airline Widerøe has some administrative offices in Lysaker, Bærum.<ref>"Headquarters." Widerøe. Retrieved on 15 November 2009.</ref> Norwegian Air Shuttle has its head office in Fornebu.<ref>"Contact us Template:Webarchive." Norwegian Air Shuttle. Retrieved on 24 February 2010.</ref>

Partnair, a charter airline, was headquartered at Fornebu Airport.<ref>"World Airline Directory." Flight International. 26 March 1988. 102 Template:Webarchive.</ref> When the airline Busy Bee of Norway existed, its head office was on the grounds of Fornebu Airport.<ref>"World Airline Directory." Flight International. 27 March-2 April 1991. 78 Template:Webarchive.</ref> Braathens and SAS Braathens had their head office facilities in a building on the grounds of Fornebu Airport. In 2010, Norwegian Air Shuttle bought the former Braathens head office.<ref>Henriksen, Øyvind. "Kjos kjøper Braathensbygget Template:Webarchive." E24. 24 February 2010. Retrieved on 24 February 2010. "Norwegian-sjef Bjørn Kjos kjøper det tidligere hovedkvarteret til Braathens og SAS Norge. Nå skal Norwegian flytte inn i bygningen" and "Oksenøyveien 3 på Fornebu utenfor Oslo er kjøpt av Bjørn Kjos og Bjørn Kise."</ref>

Demographics

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File:Population growth in Baerum Norway.png
Source: Asker og Bærum-leksikon, Bærum kommune

Template:Historical populationsBærum (2009) is the fifth most densely populated municipality in Norway. Along the E18 highway, the residential area is continuous with Oslo and continues with some interruption through to the neighboring municipality of Asker.<ref>Template:Cite web, the four municipalities with greater density being: Stavanger, Oslo, Oppegård, and Skedsmo. All but Stavanger form the conurbation with Oslo</ref>

Bærum is also the most affluent of Norwegian municipalities, with average per capita income (2002 figures) of NOK 370,800; compared with the national average of NOK 262,800. It also has the highest level of education nationwide.

Administratively, Bærum is divided into 22 sections. The population for each section on 1 January 2005 was:

Bærums Verk 7,565
East Bærumsmarka 1,936
Dønski-Rud 3,186
Grav 5,624
Haslum 5,286
Hosle north 2,973
Hosle south 4,677
Høvik 4,172
Jar 5,793
Jong 2,762
Kirkerud-Sollihøgda 3,449
Kolsås 5,185
Løkeberg-Blommenholm 6,863
Lommedalen 3,064
Lysaker: 3,439
Østerås-Eiksmarka 3,927
Rykkinn 8,971
Sandvika-Valler 4,742
Slependen-Tanum 7,005
Snarøya 2,807
Stabekk: 6,261
Voll 4,896
N/A 107

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Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Bærum by country of origin in 2020<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Ancestry Number
Template:Flag 4,346
Template:Flag 1,743
Template:Flag 1,343
Template:Flag 1,189
Template:Flag 1,000
Template:Flag 982
Template:Flag 897
Template:Flag 859
Template:Flag 841
Template:Flag 832
Template:Flag 806
Template:Flag 746
Template:Flag 738
Template:Flag 716
Template:Flag 653
Template:Flag 607
Template:Flag 475
Template:Flag 458
Template:Flag 445
Template:Flag 424

Community

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According to a local survey conducted by Dagbladet, Bærum is the best place to live in Norway in terms of governance and services to residents. In addition is it also one of the best places for young people to grow up. Bærum score high on national surveys when it comes to local economical governance, education and possibilities for young people, health coverage, school rankings, and work rights and possibilities<ref name="Bærum score high. Dagbladet">Template:Cite web</ref>

Churches in Bærum

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Schools in Bærum

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There are a number of schools in Bærum, both public and private. There are a total of 43 public elementary schools ( primary and / or secondary ) and some private, including Bærum Montessori School. According to national surveys, Jar public elementary school ranks the highest when it comes to math, while Lommedalen public elementary school ranks the highest in reading, both are located in Bærum.<ref name="Bærum score high. Nettavisen" >Template:Cite web</ref>

There are eight public high schools in Bærum; Dønski, Eikeli, Nadderud, Rosenvilde, Rud, Sandvika, Stabekk and Valler. In addition, the Norwegian College of Elite Sport and Steiner School. The Folk University also has a branch in Sandvika. Valler High School has been ranked within the top 5 high schools in Norway for several years, while Nadderud High School ranks within the top 20.<ref name="Sandvika score high. Aftenposten" >Template:Cite web</ref> In the later years both schools have met competition from the newly established Sandvika High School. Sandvika High School has had the highest number of applications in the county for the past six years,<ref name="Sandvika Applicants. budstikka" >Template:Cite web</ref> and is now ranked within top 10 in the country.<ref name="Sandvika in the top. Budstikka" >Template:Cite web</ref> In 2013 the school also won for Best Entrepreneurship School in Norway.<ref name="Sandvika score high. Akershus" >Template:Cite web</ref>

Sports

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Stabæk IF plays in Eliteserien, the highest division for men's football in Norway. Bærum SK plays in the 2. divisjon, the third highest division of the Norwegian football league system.

Stabæk IF's women's football team, Stabæk Fotball Kvinner, plays in Toppserien, the Norwegian top division.

Høvik IF and Stabæk IF plays in the highest bandy division and Hauger BK in the second highest.

Notable residents

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Public Service & Business

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File:Høyesterettsadvokat Christian Fredrik Michelet.jpg
Christian Fredrik Michelet, ca.1885
File:Gro Harlem Brundtland (cropped).jpg
Gro Harlem Brundtland, 2011
File:Prinsessan Märtha Louise av Norge.jpg
Princess Märtha Louise of Norway, 2013
File:Henny Mürer.jpg
Henny Mürer, ca.1945
File:Solveig Heilo 2011.jpg
Solveig Heilo, 2011

The Arts

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Sport

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File:Gotti.jpg
Godtfred Holmvang, 1946
File:2018 EC Sondre Oddvoll Bøe 2018-01-19 18-23-14 (3).jpg
Sondre Oddvoll Bøe, 2018

International relations

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Twin towns – Sister cities

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The following cities are twinned with Bærum:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

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Notes and references

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Template:Portal Template:Commons category Template:Wiktionary

Template:Sections of Bærum Template:Akershus Template:25 largest municipalities of Norway Template:Authority control

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