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Hillsborough County, Florida

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox U.S. county

Hillsborough County is located in the west-central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. In the 2020 census, the population was 1,459,762,<ref name="QF">Template:Cite web</ref> making it the fourth-most populous county in Florida and the most populous county outside the Miami metropolitan area. A 2021 estimate has the population of Hillsborough County at 1,512,070 people with a yearly growth rate of 1.34%,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> which itself is greater than the populations of 12 states according to their 2019 population estimates.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Its county seat and largest city is Tampa.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Hillsborough County is part of the Tampa–St. PetersburgClearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

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File:Hillsborough County Courthouse, Tampa, FL.jpg
Hillsborough County Courthouse, Template:Circa
File:Courthouse & Confederate Memorial-Hillsborough County, Florida.jpg
Hillsborough County Courthouse and Confederate Monument in Tampa

Hillsborough County was created on January 25, 1834, from Alachua and Monroe Counties,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> during the U.S. territorial period (1822–1845). The new county was named for Wills Hill, the Earl of Hillsborough, who served as British Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1768 to 1772.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The County was created through efforts by Augustus Steele.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The county's 1834 area was much larger and included eight other present-day counties: Charlotte County, DeSoto, Hardee, Manatee, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, and Sarasota.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The last significant change in Hillsborough County's borders was the separation of its western section to create Pinellas County in 1911.Template:Citation needed

On New Year's Day in 1914, the St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line initiated the first scheduled commercial airline service in the world, from St. Petersburg to Tampa.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert are land and Template:Convert (19.4%) are covered by water.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> About Template:Convert of shoreline are on Tampa Bay.

The county's unincorporated area is around Template:Convert, more than 84% of the total land area. Municipalities account for Template:Convert. The modern boundaries of the county place it midway along the west coast of Florida.Template:Citation needed

A narrow portion of Hillsborough County to the south, consisting almost exclusively of water, extends west to the Gulf of Mexico roughly along the Tampa Port Shipping Channel. This has the effect of keeping Hillsborough County from being technically landlocked. The central portion of the Sunshine Skyway Bridge is in Hillsborough County. So is Egmont Key, at the entrance to Tampa Bay; this narrow strip of land separates Pinellas County from Manatee County. The northernmost tip of a spoil island just west of Port Manatee also lies in Hillsborough County.Template:Citation needed

Hillsborough is home to Alafia River State Park and Hillsborough River state parks, and to the C. W. Bill Young Regional Reservoir and Lithia Springs, one of the largest natural springs in Florida.Template:Citation needed

Adjacent counties

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Demographics

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Template:US Census population

2020 Census

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Hillsborough County racial composition<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
(NH = Non-Hispanic)Template:Efn
Race Pop 2010 Pop 2020 % 2010 % 2020
White (NH) 660,565 667,791 53.74% 45.75%
Black or African American (NH) 191,260 224,479 15.56% 15.38%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH) 2,948 2,817 0.24% 0.19%
Asian (NH) 41,328 69,928 3.36% 4.79%
Pacific Islander (NH) 703 914 0.06% 0.06%
Some Other Race (NH) 2,992 9,655 0.24% 0.66%
Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) 22,795 56,797 1.85% 3.89%
Hispanic or Latino 306,635 427,381 24.95% 29.28%
Total 1,229,226 1,459,762 100.00% 100.00%
File:2023 Racial Demographics in Hillsborough County by Census tract.svg
A map of racial demographics in Hillsborough County by Census tractTemplate:Collapsible list

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,459,762 people, 539,919 households, and 338,683 families residing in the county.

2010 Census

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File:Ethnic Origins in Hillsborough County, FL.png
Ethnic origins in Hillsborough County

U.S. Census Bureau 2010 Ethnic/Race Demographics:<ref name="HiBoDemo">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="HBD">Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2010, 6.0% of the Hillsborough's population considered themselves to be of only American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity.)<ref name="HiBoDemo" />

Of the 536,092 households, 29.74% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.25% were married couples living together, 14.76% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.69% were not families. About 27.12% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.96% (2.35% male and 5.61% female) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.11.<ref name="HBage">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="CVHB">Template:Cite web</ref>

The age distribution was 23.9% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.<ref name="HBage" /><ref name="CVHB" />

The median income for a household in the county was $49,536, and for a family was $59,886. Males had a median income of $43,125 versus $35,184 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,062. About 10.7% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.9% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those aged 65 or over.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2010, 15.1% of the county's population was foreign born, with 44.5% being naturalized American citizens. Of foreign-born residents, 67.5% were born in Latin America, 16.7% born in Asia, 9.2% were born in Europe, 3.2% born in Africa, 3.1% in North America, and 0.3% were born in Oceania.Template:Citation needed

2000 Census

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As of the census of 2000, 998,948 people, 391,357 households, and 255,164 families resided in the county. The population density was Template:Convert. The 425,962 housing units averaged 405 per square mile (156/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 75.17% White (63.3% Non-Hispanic White),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 14.96% Black or African American, 0.39% Native American, 2.20% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 4.66% from other races, and a 2.56% from two or more races. 17.99% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The county was the thirty-second most populous county in the nation.

Of the 391,357 households, 31.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.70% were married couples living together, 13.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.80% were not families. Roughly 26.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.07.

The age distribution was: 25.30% under the age of 18, 9.30% from 18 to 24, 31.70% from 25 to 44, 21.70% from 45 to 64, and 12.00% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 95.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,663, and for a family was $48,223. Males had a median income of $34,111 versus $26,962 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,812. About 9.10% of families and 12.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.20% of those under age 18 and 10.00% of those age 65 or over.

Level of Education
Level Hillsborough Co. Florida U.S.

College/Associate Degree 29.0% 28.8% 27.4%
Bachelor's Degree 16.7% 14.3% 15.5%
Master's or PhD 8.4% 8.1% 8.9%
Total 54.1% 51.2% 51.8%

Source: U.S. Census<ref>2004 U.S. Census</ref>

Languages

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As of 2010, 74.59% of the population spoke only English at home, 19.52% spoke Spanish, 0.56% French Creole (mainly Haitian Creole), and 0.51% spoke Vietnamese as their mother language.<ref name="MLA">Template:Cite web</ref> In total, 25.41% of the population spoke a language other than English as their primary language.<ref name="MLA" />

Politics and government

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Voter registration

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According to the Secretary of State's office, Republican are a narrow plurality of registered voters in Hillsborough County.

Hillsborough county voter registration & party enrollment as of February 28, 2025<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Political party Total Voters Percentage
Template:Party color cell Republican 301,636 34.52%
Template:Party color cell Democratic 299,127 34.23%
Template:Party color cell Independent 246,390 28.20%
Template:Party color cell Minor parties 26,713 3.06%
Total 873,866 100.00%

Statewide and national elections

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Hillsborough County tends to lean Democratic, having not been won by a Republican presidential candidate from 2004 until 2024. It is part of the politically important I-4 Corridor between Tampa Bay and Orlando, an area that historically decides most elections in Florida. Hillsborough was considered a bellwether county, voting for the statewide winner in every presidential election from 1964–2012. It has also voted for the winner of the presidency in every election since 1928 except twice, voting for the loser only in 1992 and 2016. The southern portion of the county, around Tampa, is powerfully Democratic, while the northern and eastern portions are heavily Republican.

On the statewide level, the county also tends to lean Democratic with Democrats Bill Nelson for senator and Andrew Gillum for governor both winning the county in the 2018 elections. However, Republican senator Marco Rubio did win the county in his 2010, 2016 and 2022 senatorial campaigns and Republican Governor Ron Desantis won it in his 2022 gubernatorial campaign after the county supported Democrats for the previous three gubernatorial elections since 2010.

In 2008, Barack Obama won the county by seven points, the first Democrat to capture the county since Bill Clinton's re-election victory in 1996.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Obama won Hillsborough again in 2012 over Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney by roughly the same margin.

In 2016, Donald Trump became the first Republican since Calvin Coolidge in 1924 to win a presidential election without carrying the county.

Donald Trump broke the Democratic streak in the county in 2024, when he carried the county by a narrow majority. This reflects the general trend in Florida towards the Republican Party in recent elections.

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Gubernatorial Election Results
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2022 54.17% 261,936 44.95% 217,349 0.87% 4,229
2018 44.86% 234,835 53.79% 281,598 1.34% 7,037
2014 45.59% 170,127 48.29% 180,168 6.12% 22,837
2010 46.59% 148,429 49.91% 158,995 3.51% 11,171
2006 52.80% 152,494 44.45% 128,375 2.75% 7,931
2002 55.81% 175,629 42.67% 134,274 0.76% 2,378

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Board of County Commissioners

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A home rule charter for Hillsborough County was approved by voters in a county-wide referendum held in September 1983, and the first county commissioners elected under this new charter took office on May 28, 1985.

Under a charter ordinance that went into effect May 1985, seven county commissioners are directed to perform legislative functions of government by developing policy for the management of Hillsborough County. The county administrator, a professional appointed by the board, and the administrative staff are responsible for the implementation of these policies.<ref name=BCC>Template:Cite web</ref>

The board also serves as the Environmental Protection Commission. Individual board members serve on various other boards, authorities, and commissions such as the Hillsborough Area Regional Transit Authority, Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council, Tampa Bay Water, Aviation Authority, Expressway Authority, Sports Authority, Port Authority, Arts Council of Hillsborough County, Children's Board, Metropolitan Planning Organization, and Council of Governments.<ref name=BCC />

The charter divides the power of county government between legislative and executive branches. The Board of County Commissioners, which composes the legislative branch, sets overall policy by means of ordinances, resolutions, and motions.

The executive powers of county government are vested in the county administrator, appointed by county commissioners and charged by the charter to faithfully implement the powers of the board. The charter provides for a county attorney, to be hired by the county administrator with the advice and consent of the county commissioners. The charter contains a provision for a charter review board appointed by County Commissioners every five years to conduct a study of county government and propose amendments to the charter. These amendments must be presented to voters for approval. One amendment was approved in November 2002, adding the position of County Internal Performance Auditor to the government structure. This position reports directly to the County Commission.

The current administrator is Bonnie M. Wise, who took office on July 1, 2020, replacing Mike Merrill, who had served as administrator since 2010.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Wise previously served as the county's deputy administrator and Tampa's chief financial officer.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Of the seven members of the Board of County Commissioners for Hillsborough County, four are elected from single-member districts, and three are elected county-wide. The board approves the county's operating and capital budgets and the county's capital-improvement program. It may take action on any programs for the improvement of the county and the welfare of its residents.

As of 2025, The members of the Board are as follows:

  • Henry Cohen (D): Single-Member District #1
  • Ken Hagan (R): Single-Member District #2
  • Gwen Myers (D): Single-Member District #3
  • Christine Miller (R): Single-Member District #4
  • Donna Cameron Cepeda (R): At-Large District #5
  • Chris Boles (R): At-Large District #6
  • Joshua Wostal (R): At-Large District #7

Government officials

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These five countywide elected positions have specific responsibilities under the county charter:

  • Clerk of the Circuit Court: Cindy Stuart (D)
  • Sheriff: Chad Chronister (R)
  • Property Appraiser: Bob Henriquez (D)
  • Tax Collector: Nancy Millan (D)
  • Supervisor of Elections: Craig Latimer (D)

Taxes

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Hillsborough County's discretionary sales tax rate increased from 1% to 2.5% in January 2019. When combined with the state of Florida's 6%, the rate is 8.5%, the highest in Florida. The rate includes two surcharges approved by voter referendum in November 2018, 1% for transportation and 1/2% for schools.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It is only collected on the first $5000 of any large purchase.

Economy

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Template:Expand section In the early 20th century, Hillsborough's economy was predominantly based on cigar-making and agriculture. In 2012, Hillsborough had the second-largest agricultural output among Florida's counties. As of 2010, the average annual employment in Hillsborough County was 563,292. The percentages of total employment by industry were:

  • Natural resources and mining 2.0%
  • Construction 4.6%
  • Manufacturing 4.1%
  • Trade, transportation, and utilities 19.5%
  • Information 3.0%
  • Financial activities 9.2%
  • Professional and business services 18.1%
  • Education and health services 14.6%
  • Leisure and hospitality 10.3%
  • Other services 2.7%
  • Public administration 4.7%

<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Agriculture

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In 2011, sales of all agricultural commodities produced in Hillsborough County were over $832,410,300. The largest crop by value was strawberries at over $388 million.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Values of various crops included:

Hillsborough County Agricultural Production 2011
Crop Sales in dollars Acreage
Strawberries $388,125,702 11,625
Vegetables $150,000,000 13,092
Ornamental plants $139,232,407 3,977
Aquaculture $23,546,112 876
Beef cattle/pasture $18,934,207 91,904
Citrus $18,893,572 10,750
Poultry $18,701,100 22
Sod $7,438,855 2,286
Dairy $6,433,206 1,500
Blueberries $5,500,000 591
Hay $2,374,195 635
Forestry $1,000,000 108,634
Bees/honey $598,767 45
Goats $154,177 518
Miscellaneous $51,478,000 3677
Total $832,410,300 255,532

List of companies with headquarters in Hillsborough County

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Education

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Hillsborough County Public Schools operate the public schools in the county.<ref>Template:Cite webText list</ref> Hillsborough County has the eighth-largest school district in the United States consisting of 206 schools (133 elementary schools, 42 middle schools, two K-8 schools, 27 traditional high schools, and four career centers, with 73 additional schools including charter, ESE, etc.).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2013, 12 of Hillsborough County's 27 public high schools were ranked in Newsweek's list of America's Best High Schools.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2012 and 2013, all 27 public high schools were included on the Washington Post's list of the 2000 most challenging schools in America.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Museums and libraries

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Museums

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Libraries

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The Tampa Public Library opened in 1917.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The following notable libraries are part of the Hillsborough County Public Library Cooperative:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Colbegin

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Local agencies

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Several agencies provide law enforcement to the residents of Hillsborough County. They are all accredited and fully certified law enforcement agencies by the FDLE.

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Hillsborough County Fire Rescue

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Hillsborough County Fire Rescue serves the unincorporated areas of Hillsborough County. Fire service began in the 1950s as an all-volunteer force consisting of about a dozen loosely associated community-based organizations. The first full-time career firefighters were hired in 1973. The department now has 1,019 career uniformed and support personnel who continue to set the pace in fire and emergency medical response, making it the fourth-largest department in the state. Since the 1997 consolidation of Hillsborough County Fire Rescue and Emergency Medical Services (EMS), the department has placed paramedics on each career, front-line apparatus. The department operates 35 ALS transport ambulances, 46 Engine Companies, 5 Truck Companies, 2 Heavy Rescue's, 1 Hazardous Incident Unit, 1 Fire Boat and 1 Rescue Boat. These units operate out of 44 Fire Rescue stations located strategically throughout Hillsborough County. As of summer 2021, 2 additional stations are being constructed to bring that number up to 46. As nearly 85% of the department's more than 137,000 (2021) <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> emergency responses require some level of medical care, having paramedics assigned to each unit assures that the citizens of Hillsborough County are receiving rapid advanced life-support care.

Hillsborough County Fire Rescue and the Board of County Commissioners have implemented a plan to continue placing new fire rescue stations in areas where growth is occurring or gaps in coverage may exist. Fire Chief Dennis Jones leads a senior staff of two deputy chiefs (operations and administrative branches), the fire marshal, and the emergency manager. All fiscal functions, facilities maintenance and supply, apparatus/equipment procurement, emergency dispatch manager, personnel chief, and training chief are under the direction of the deputy chief of administration. The three Shift Commanders, as well as the Rescue Chief and the Special Operations Chief, report directly to the Deputy Chief of Operations. The Operations Chief is responsible for the overall response readiness of all front line personnel. The Emergency Manager oversees all Office of Emergency Management (OEM) planning and operations of the EOC.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Hillsborough County Fire Rescue Office of Emergency Management

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The Office of Emergency Management is a division of Hillsborough County Fire Rescue that is directly responsible for planning and coordinating the evacuation and sheltering of all county residents in the event of a natural or manmade disaster. This agency is also responsible for planning, orchestrating and coordinating response actions and continuity of government in the aftermath of a major disaster. Preston Cook has been the Emergency Manager since 2011.

The Hurricane Evacuation Assessment Tool has been created to assist residents of Hillsborough County by providing evacuation and sheltering information in the event of a hurricane or other natural disaster. This interactive program was designed to assist the public in easily determining if they are in one of the five evacuation zones. It also provides information on shelters, hospitals, fire stations, and sandbag locations.

The Office of Emergency Management also provides information to the public on: Hurricane information, procedures for hazardous-materials spills, and flooding, tornado, wildfire, and terrorism preparedness.

Transportation

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File:EnteringHillsboroughCounty.JPG
The Sunshine Skyway (I-275) connects Pinellas to Manatee Counties. The middle span is in Hillsborough County.

Public transportation

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Hillsborough County is served by Hillsborough Area Regional Transit, also known as HART. They operate bus service as well as the TECO Line Streetcar.

Intercity

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Airports

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The county's primary commercial aviation airport is Tampa International Airport in Tampa. Other important airports include the Tampa Executive Airport near Brandon, Peter O. Knight Airport near downtown Tampa, and the Plant City Airport near Plant City.

Major freeways and roadways

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Template:Col-float Interstate Highways

File:I-4.svg Interstate 4
File:I-75.svg Interstate 75
File:I-275.svg Interstate 275

Template:Col-float-break U.S Routes

File:US 41.svg U.S. Route 41
File:US 92.svg U.S. Route 92
File:US 301.svg U.S. Route 301

Template:Col-float-break State Routes

File:Toll Florida 618.svg State Route 618
File:Florida 60.svg State Road 60
File:Toll Florida 589.svg State Road 589
File:Florida 580.svg State Road 580

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Nationally protected areas

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Parks

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Template:Div col end<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Communities

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File:Hillsborough County.jpg
County subdivisions in Hillsborough County. Incorporated cities in bold; unincorporated CDPs in small font.

Despite its large population, there are only three incorporated places in Hillsborough County, all cities. Most of the area of the county is unincorporated and falls under the jurisdiction of the Hillsborough County board of commissioners.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As of 2020, more than two thirds of the county's population lived in unincorporated areas.

Cities

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Populations are as of the 2020 census.

Census-designated places

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Unincorporated communities

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Historic towns

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  • Bullfrog Corner
  • Bone Valley
  • Branchton
  • Callsville
  • Chataocolea
  • Chicora
  • Clarkwild
  • Coronet
  • Cork (now Dover, not to be confused with two other places named Cork)
  • Cork (now Plant City)
  • Cosme
  • Dillon
  • Diston
  • Drew Park, absorbed by Tampa
  • East Cove
  • Edeson
  • Flora
  • Fort Brooke
  • Fort Foster
  • Fort Sullivan
  • Garden City
  • Gary
  • Gulf City
  • Harney
  • Hillsboro
  • Ichipucksassa, aka Ichepucksassa, Hitchipucksassa (now Plant City)
  • Idlewild Park
  • Jackson Springs
  • Keystone Park
  • Knights Station
  • Knowles
  • Lake Fern
  • Lighthall
  • Lillibridge
  • Magdalene
  • Magnolia
  • Mangrove Point
  • Manhattan (absorbed by Tampa)
  • Marvinia
  • Midway
  • Mullins City
  • Nicholls
  • Oliphant
  • Orient
  • Peck
  • Pelot
  • Peru
  • Prairie
  • Riverhead
  • Rocky Point
  • Sparkman
  • Stemper
  • St Helena
  • Trapnell (absorbed by Plant City)
  • Welcome
  • Weldon
  • Willow
  • Youmans<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

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See also

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Notes

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References

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