Robert Towne
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Robert Towne (born Robert Bertram Schwartz; November 23, 1934 – July 1, 2024) was an American screenwriter and director. He started writing films for Roger Corman, including The Tomb of Ligeia in 1964, and was later part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking.
Towne wrote and won an Academy Award for Roman Polanski's Chinatown (1974); starring Jack Nicholson, widely considered one of the greatest screenplays ever written,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> as well as its sequel, The Two Jakes (1990). For Hal Ashby, he penned the comedy-dramas The Last Detail (1973) and Shampoo (1975). He collaborated with Tom Cruise on the films Days of Thunder (1990), The Firm (1993) and the first two installments of the Mission: Impossible franchise (1996, 2000).
Towne directed the sports dramas Personal Best (1982) and Without Limits (1998), the crime thriller Tequila Sunrise (1988), and the romantic drama Ask the Dust (2006).
Early life
[edit]Towne was born Robert Bertram Schwartz in Los Angeles, California,<ref name="ERRB">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>According to the State of California. California Birth Index, 1905-1995. Center for Health Statistics, California Department of Health Services, Sacramento, California. Searchable at http://www.familytreelegends.com/records/39461 Template:Webarchive</ref> the son of Helen and Lou Schwartz, a clothing store owner and property developer. He grew up in San Pedro and Rolling Hills and attended Chadwick School.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Lennon thesis" /> His family was Jewish, and had emigrated from Romania on his father's side and Russia on his mother's.<ref name="Lennon thesis">Template:Cite web</ref> He had a younger brother, Roger,<ref name="ERRB" /> who co-wrote the 1984 film The Natural starring Robert Redford.<ref name="AFI">Template:AFI film</ref>
He graduated from Pomona College in Claremont, California, studying philosophy and literature.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="guardian obit">Robert Towne obituary: American screenwriter and director best known for the hit films Chinatown, The Last Detail and Shampoo The Guardian. Retrieved July 14, 2024.</ref> After college, Towne served in the U.S. Army before doing odd jobs including working as a tuna fisherman.<ref name="guardian obit"/>
Career
[edit]Roger Corman
[edit]Towne originally sought work as a writer and actor. He took an acting class with Roger Corman taught by Jeff Corey where his classmates also included Jack Nicholson (with whom he shared an apartment), Irvin Kershner, and Sally Kellerman.<ref name="Brady p 390">Brady p 390</ref>
Corman was known for giving work to untested people of talent. Towne wrote the screenplay for the Corman-financed Last Woman on Earth (1960), in which Towne also played one of the lead roles.
The following year he also starred in the Corman-financed Creature from the Haunted Sea (1961).
Television
[edit]Towne started writing for television on such programs as The Lloyd Bridges Show, Breaking Point, The Outer Limits, and The Man from U.N.C.L.E..
He also wrote a screenplay for the Corman-directed The Tomb of Ligeia (1965). In 1981 Towne said "I worked harder on... [that] screenplay for him than on anything I think I have ever done."<ref name="Brady p 390"/>
Towne went back to working in television when Corman hired him to write a script for a Western, which became A Time for Killing (1967). Corman left the project during filming and Towne took his name off the credits. Towne said later he "hated" the film.<ref name="Brady p 388">Brady p 388</ref>
Script doctor
[edit]Towne's script for A Time for Killing had been read and admired by Warren Beatty, who asked Towne to help out on the script for Bonnie and Clyde (1967). Towne later claimed his main contributions were removing the ménage à trois relationship between Bonnie, Clyde, and W.D., making some structural changes.<ref>Brady p 396-398</ref> Towne was on set during filming and continued to work during post-production. The film was a huge success and although Towne's contribution was credited only as a "special consultant", he began to earn a reputation in Hollywood as a top script doctor.<ref name="Brady p 399">Brady p 399</ref>
Towne was credited on Villa Rides (1968), which he later said he did as a favor for Robert Evans, head of Paramount. He hated the experience.<ref>Brady p 386-387</ref>
Towne did uncredited work on the scripts for Drive, He Said (1971), directed by Jack Nicholson; Cisco Pike (1972), which Towne said turned into "a pretty good movie" but where he got "so angry with the director" he took his name off;<ref name="Brady p 388"/> and The New Centurions (1972), where he was to share credit with Stirling Silliphant but asked for his name to be taken off after he saw the film.<ref>Brady p 387</ref>
He did uncredited work for Francis Ford Coppola during the making of The Godfather (1972), including the final scene between Michael and Vito in a garden, shortly before Vito dies.<ref name="Brady p 399"/> Coppola later thanked Towne for writing this pivotal and "very beautiful" scene in his Academy Award speech for Best Screenplay.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Towne also did some work on The Parallax View (1974) at the behest of star Warren Beatty.
The Last Detail, Chinatown, and Shampoo
[edit]Towne received acclaim and was nominated in the Best Original and Adapted Screenplay categories for his scripts The Last Detail (1973), Chinatown (1974), and Shampoo (1975). He won for Chinatown.<ref>McDougal, Dennis (2008) Five easy decades pp.146, 182, 416</ref><ref name="nyt1">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Nicolas Cage, DVD commentary, The Rock Criterion Collection</ref> He later said it was inspired by a chapter in Carey McWilliams's Southern California Country: An Island on the Land (1946) and a West magazine article on Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles.
According to Sam Wasson's The Big Goodbye: Chinatown and the Last Years of Hollywood, Towne "secretly employed an old college friend named Edward Taylor as his uncredited writing partner for more than 40 years." (Taylor died in 2013).<ref name="Sam Wasson book">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Towne was credited for his work on The Yakuza (1975) and did script doctoring on The Missouri Breaks (1976), Orca (1977) and Heaven Can Wait (1978).
Director
[edit]Towne turned to directing with Personal Best (1982). He also wrote the script for Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes, hoping to direct, but Personal Best was a financial failure, and he had to sell the Greystoke script. He grew dissatisfied with the production and credited his dog, P. H. Vazak, with the script. Vazak became the first dog nominated for an Academy Award for screenwriting.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Towne did uncredited work on Deal of the Century (1983), 8 Million Ways to Die (1986) (<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>), Tough Guys Don't Dance (1987) and Frantic (1988).
His second feature film as director was Tequila Sunrise (1988), which he wrote back in the early 1980s. Towne told The New York Times that Tequila Sunrise is "a movie about the use and abuse of friendship."<ref name="nyt1" />
The Two Jakes
[edit]Towne expressed his disappointment in The Two Jakes in many interviews.Template:Citation needed He told writer Alex Simon, "In the interest of maintaining my friendships with Jack Nicholson and Robert Evans, I’d rather not go into it, but let’s just say The Two Jakes wasn’t a pleasant experience for any of us. But, we’re all still friends, and that’s what matters most."<ref>Template:Cite interview</ref>
In a November 5, 2007, interview with MTV, Jack Nicholson claimed that Towne had written the part of Gittes specifically for him and had conceived Chinatown as a trilogy, with the third film set in 1968 and dealing in some way with Howard Hughes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Towne said he did not know how the rumour started and denied any planned trilogy.
Tom Cruise
[edit]Towne wrote the script for Days of Thunder (1990) and formed a close friendship with its star Tom Cruise.
He was one of the writers on Cruise's The Firm (1993), then Beatty's Love Affair (1994). Cruise brought him on to Mission: Impossible (1996) and co-produced Towne's third film as director, Without Limits (1998). He also co-wrote Mission Impossible II (2000) for Cruise.
Later career
[edit]A project Towne had long sought to bring to the screen came to fruition in 2006 with Ask the Dust, a romantic period piece set in Los Angeles based on the novel by John Fante and starring Colin Farrell and Salma Hayek. Towne had found the novel decades earlier during his research for Chinatown, as he was looking for authentic descriptions of 1930s Los Angeles. He enjoyed the book, considering it "the best book about Los Angeles ever written", and arranged a meeting with Fante, himself a screenwriter. As a result of that meeting, Towne was granted the screen rights to the novel. The rights eventually lapsed, and the new owner was Mel Brooks. In 1993, Towne wrote the script for free in exchange for the chance to direct the film.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Tom Cruise (with Paula Wagner and Cruise/Wagner Productions) served as one of the film's producers. Ask the Dust received mixed reviews and failed at the box office. The film was entered into the 28th Moscow International Film Festival.<ref name="Moscow2006">Template:Cite web</ref>
Towne framed several of his signature films as elaborate melodramas. He told The New York Times "I think melodrama is always a splendid occasion to entertain an audience and say things you want to say without rubbing their noses in it. With melodrama, as in dreams, you're always flirting with the disparity between appearance and reality, which is a great deal of fun. And that's also not unrelated to my perception of my life working in Hollywood, where you're always wondering, 'What does that guy really mean?'"<ref name="nyt1" />
In 2006, Towne was the subject of artist Sarah Morris's film, Robert Towne. Morris describes him as an “elliptical figure” whose career exemplifies a certain characteristic mode of working in the film industry, marked by collaboration, shared or changing roles.<ref>"Public Art Fund"Template:Dead link</ref> Morris's Template:Convert painting installation in the entryway to the Lever House in Manhattan, commissioned by the Public Art Fund, was also titled "Robert Towne".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Return to television
[edit]In the 2010s, Towne returned to television, working as a consulting producer on Mad Men and writing two episodes of Welcome to the Basement.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2019, Towne began co-writing, with David Fincher, a Netflix prequel miniseries based on Chinatown character J. J. Gittes, with Fincher serving as showrunner.<ref name="JJ">Template:Cite web</ref> By June 2024, a week before his death, Towne confirmed that the script for each episode had been completed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Personal life
[edit]In 1968, Towne met actress Julie Payne; they were married from 1977 to 1982.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> According to Sam Wasson's The Big Goodbye: Chinatown and the Last Years of Hollywood, Towne was addicted to cocaine during this period and was occasionally violent, which led to a bitter divorce and custody battle over their daughter Katharine (born 1978).
In 1984, Towne married Luisa Gaule. They had one daughter, Chiara.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
He was the former son-in-law of late actor John Payne and actress Anne Shirley. Through his daughter Katharine, he was former father-in-law of actor Charlie Hunnam.
Towne died at his home in Los Angeles on July 1, 2024, at the age of 89.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Filmography
[edit]Film
[edit]Writer
| Year | Title | Director | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | Last Woman on Earth | Roger Corman | |
| 1964 | The Tomb of Ligeia | ||
| 1968 | Villa Rides | Buzz Kulik | |
| 1973 | The Last Detail | Hal Ashby | |
| 1974 | Chinatown | Roman Polanski | |
| The Yakuza | Sydney Pollack | ||
| 1975 | Shampoo | Hal Ashby | |
| 1982 | Personal Best | Himself | Also credited as producer |
| 1984 | Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes | Hugh Hudson | Credited as P. H. Vazak |
| 1988 | Tequila Sunrise | Himself | |
| 1990 | The Two Jakes | Jack Nicholson | |
| Days of Thunder | Tony Scott | ||
| 1993 | The Firm | Sydney Pollack | |
| 1994 | Love Affair | Glenn Gordon Caron | |
| 1996 | Mission: Impossible | Brian De Palma | |
| 1998 | Without Limits | Himself | |
| 2000 | Mission: Impossible 2 | John Woo | |
| 2006 | Ask the Dust | Himself |
Uncredited writer
- Drive, He Said (1971)
- Cisco Pike (1972)
- The New Centurions (1972)
- The Godfather (1972)
- The Parallax View (1974)
- The Missouri Breaks (1976)
- Marathon Man (1976)
- Orca (1977)
- Heaven Can Wait (1978)
- Reds (1981) (Consultant)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Deal of the Century (1983)
- Swing Shift (1984)
- 8 Million Ways to Die (1986)
- Tough Guys Don't Dance (1987)
- Frantic (1988)
- Crimson Tide (1995)
- Armageddon (1998)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
- Mission: Impossible III (2006)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Actor
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | Last Woman on Earth | Martin Joyce | Credited as Edward Wain |
| 1961 | Creature from the Haunted Sea | Sparks Moran/Agent XK150/Narrator | |
| 1971 | The Zodiac Killer | Man in Bar #3 | Credited as Robert Tubin |
| Drive, He Said | Richard | ||
| 1975 | Shampoo | Party Guest | Uncredited |
| 1987 | The Pick-up Artist | Stan | |
| 2004 | Suspect Zero | Professor Dates | Uncredited |
Other roles
| Year | Title | Role |
|---|---|---|
| 1963 | The Young Racers | Assistant director |
| 1967 | Bonnie and Clyde | Special writing consultant |
| 1987 | The Bedroom Window | Executive producer |
Television
[edit]Writer
| Year | Title | Episode(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1963 | The Lloyd Bridges Show | "My Daddy Can Lick Your Daddy" |
| "A Personal Matter" | ||
| "The Last Lion" | ||
| "The Epidemic" | ||
| 1964 | Breaking Point | "So Many Pretty Girls, So Little Time" |
| The Outer Limits | "The Chameleon" | |
| The Man from U.N.C.L.E. | "The Dove Affair" | |
| 2013-2017 | Welcome to the Basement | "Tough Guys Don't Dance" |
| "Shampoo" |
Unmade projects
[edit]| Year | Title | Description | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 | I Flew a Spy Plane Over Russia | Script for Roger Corman | <ref name="AIP">Mark McGee, Faster and Furiouser: The Revised and Fattened Fable of American International Pictures, McFarland, 1996 p201</ref> |
| 1975 | The Brotherhood of the Grape | Script for Francis Ford Coppola, based upon the novel by John Fante | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| 1983 | The Mermaid | Script for Warren Beatty | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| 1985 | The Little Blue Whale | Script for Don Bluth | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| 1990 | Gittes vs. Gittes | Unproduced sequel script to The Two Jakes | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| 1994 | Beverly Hills Cop III | Rejected script | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| The Night Manager | Script for Sydney Pollack, based upon the novel by John le Carré | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | |
| 2002 | Carter Beats the Devil | Director/producer, based upon the novel by Glen David Gold | <ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| 2003 | The 39 Steps remake | Writer/director | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| 2009 | Fertig | Script for David Fincher, based upon They Fought Alone by Maurice Buckmaster | <ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> |
| 2011 | Pompeii TV miniseries | Four-part series for Scott Free Productions, based on the book by Robert Harris | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Compadre TV pilot | Teleplay for Scott Free Productions | <ref name="Battle1">Template:Cite news</ref> | |
| Next of Kin | Script for David Fincher | <ref name="Battle2">Template:Cite news</ref> | |
| The Battle of Britain | Script for Graham King | <ref name="Battle1"/><ref name="Battle2"/> | |
| 2018 | Dancing Bear TV pilot | Teleplay for Mel Gibson, based upon the novel by James Crumley | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| 2019 | Untitled Chinatown prequel series | Teleplay for David Fincher, to be produced at Netflix | <ref name="JJ"/> |
Legacy and honors
[edit]Awards
- Academy Award
- 1974: Nominated, Best Adapted Screenplay, The Last Detail
- 1975: Won, Best Original Screenplay, Chinatown
- 1976: Nominated, Best Original Screenplay, Shampoo
- 1985: Nominated, Best Adapted Screenplay, Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan
- BAFTA Award
- 1975: Won, Best Screenplay, The Last Detail and Chinatown
- Golden Globe Award
- 1975: Won, Best Screenplay - Motion Picture, Chinatown
- Edgar Award
- 1975: Won, Best Motion Picture, Chinatown (Author)
- Writers Guild of America Award
- Nantucket Film Festival
- 2015: Screenwriters Tribute Award
In the book Fifty Filmmakers, journalist Andrew J. Rausch argues: "There is a strong case to be made that Robert Towne is the most gifted scribe ever to write for film. There can be little doubt that he is one of the finest ever."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Citations
[edit]General and cited references
[edit]External links
[edit]Template:Robert Towne Template:Navboxes Template:Authority control
- 1934 births
- 2024 deaths
- American male screenwriters
- American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
- American people of Russian-Jewish descent
- Best Original Screenplay Academy Award winners
- Best Screenplay BAFTA Award winners
- Best Screenplay Golden Globe winners
- Edgar Award winners
- Jewish American military personnel
- Jewish American screenwriters
- Military personnel from California
- Military personnel from Los Angeles
- People from Rolling Hills, California
- Pomona College alumni
- Screenwriters from Los Angeles
- United States Army soldiers
- Writers Guild of America Award winners