Transport in Bahrain
Transport in Bahrain encompasses road transportation by car, air transportation and shipping.
The country traditionally had one of the cheapest prices for gasoline at $0.78 per gallon ($0.21 per litre).<ref>Template:Cite journal </ref> Due to massive budgetary deficits and low oil prices, the Bahraini government increased the price of gasoline in 2016–2017 to $0.37 per litre.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Road transport
[edit]The widening of roads in the old districts of Manama and the development of a national network linking the capital to other settlements commenced as early as the arrival of the first car in 1914.<ref name=Yasser>Template:Cite book</ref> Due to the continuous increase in the number of cars, a series of ring roads were constructed in Bahrain, notably Isa Al Kabeer Avenue in the 1930s, Exhibition Avenue in the 1960s and Al Fateh Highway in the 1980s.<ref name=Yasser/> To the north, the foreshore used to be around Government Avenue in the 1920s but it shifted to a new road, King Faisal Road, in the early 1930s which became the coastal road.<ref name=Yasser/> To the east, a bridge connected Manama to Muharraq since 1929, a new causeway was built in 1941 which replaced the old wooden bridge.<ref name=Yasser/> Vehicle movement between the two islands peaked after the construction of the Bahrain International Airport in 1932.<ref name=Yasser/>
To the south of Manama, roads connected groves, lagoons and marshes of Hoora, Adliya, Gudaibiya and Juffair.<ref name=Yasser/> Villages such as Mahooz, Ghuraifa, Seqaya served as the end of these roads. To the west, a major growth in the number of vehicle ma from 3,379 in 1954 and to 18,372 cars in 1970<ref name=Yasser/> caused urban development to primarily focus on expanding the road network, widening carriageways and the establishment of more parking spaces.<ref name=Yasser/> Many tracks previously laid in the pre-oil era (prior to the 1930s) were resurfaced and widened, turning them into 'road arteries'. Initial widening of the roads started in the Manama Souq district, widening its main roads by demolishing encroaching houses.<ref name=Yasser/>A highway was built that linked Manama to the isolated village port of Budaiya,<ref name=Yasser/> this highway crossed through the 'green belt' villages of Sanabis, Jidhafs and Duraz.<ref name=Yasser/> To the south, a road was built that connected Manama to Riffa. The discovery of oil accelerated the growth of the city's road network.<ref name=Yasser/>
The four main islands and all the towns and villages are linked by well-constructed roads.Template:Citation needed There were Template:Convert of roadways Template:As of, of which Template:Convert were paved.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> Multiple causeways stretching over Template:Convert, connect Manama with Muharraq Island, and the Sitra Causeway joins Sitra to the main island. A four-lane highway atop a Template:Convert causeway, linking Bahrain with the Saudi Arabian mainland via the island of Umm an-Nasan was completed in December, 1986, and financed by Saudi Arabia.
Private vehicles and taxis are the primary means of transportation in the city.Template:Citation needed
Bahrain changed from driving on the left to driving on the right in November 1967.<ref>Bahrain Government Annual Reports, Times of India Press, 1968, page 158</ref>
International highways
[edit]- King Fahd Causeway, measuring Template:Convert connects Bahrain and Saudi Arabia through a multiple-dike bridge.
- Qatar–Bahrain Friendship Bridge, will be Template:Convert long, connecting Bahrain and Qatar as the longest fixed link in the world, consisting both roads and railway.
Railways
[edit]
As of 2025, there were no railways in Bahrain, but plans were developing for a railway system connecting all the countries in the Persian Gulf<ref>Railway Gazette International January 2009 p21 with Map</ref> and for a light rail network within Bahrain.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A subway system has also been proposed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In August 2018, Al-Ayam reported that transportation officials in Bahrain were looking for "bids to fund a new metro railway system in the fourth quarter of 2019." There were plans for the rail to be international, connecting to local railway systems in the UAE and Saudi Arabia. According to Ehsan Bayat, Bahrain's system will contribute Template:Convert to the network. The project is to be completed in four phases over four years and cost $1–2 billion, as a joint venture between the public and private sector. It will be a Template:Convert railway system, and the first in Bahrain.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It will be called the GCC Railway, linking all six Gulf States. Along with private funders, it will be funded by the Ministry of Transportation in KSA and King Fahad Causeway Authority.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Airports
[edit]Template:See also Bahrain has four airports, all of which have paved runways.<ref name=":0" /> One airport is civil (Bahrain International Airport) and three are military (Isa Air Base, Sakhir Air Base, and Riffa Air Base).
Ports and harbors
[edit]As of 2008, Bahrain owns three harbors in Manama, Mina Salman and Sitrah. The port of Mina Salman can accommodate 16 oceangoing vessels drawing up to Template:Convert.
Pipelines
[edit]| Element | Pipeline distance | Year estimated |
| Crude oil | Template:Convert<ref name=":0" /> | 2013 |
| Natural gas | Template:Convert<ref name=":0" /> | 2013 |
Merchant marine
[edit]Since 2014, Bahrain has sought to promote itself as an open register.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As of 2020, there were 234 ships in Bahrain's merchant marine, of which 11 were general cargo ships, four were oil tankers, and 219 were other types of ships.<ref name=":0" />