Wall Street (1987 film)

Wall Street is a 1987 American crime drama film directed and co-written by Oliver Stone, which stars Michael Douglas, Charlie Sheen, Daryl Hannah, and Martin Sheen. The film tells the story of Bud Fox (C. Sheen), a young stockbroker who becomes involved with Gordon Gekko (Douglas), a wealthy, unscrupulous corporate raider.

Stone made the film as a tribute to his father, Lou Stone, a stockbroker during the Great Depression. The character of Gekko is said to be a composite of several people, including Dennis Levine, Ivan Boesky, Carl Icahn, Asher Edelman, Michael Milken, and Stone himself. The character of Sir Lawrence Wildman, meanwhile, was modelled on British financier and corporate raider Sir James Goldsmith. Originally, the studio wanted Warren Beatty to play Gekko, but he was not interested; Stone, meanwhile, wanted Richard Gere, but Gere passed on the role.

The film was well received among major film critics. Douglas won the Academy Award for Best Actor, and the film has come to be seen as the archetypal portrayal of 1980s excess, with Douglas' character declaring that "greed, for lack of a better word, is good." It has also proven influential in inspiring people to work on Wall Street, with Sheen, Douglas, and Stone commenting over the years how people still approach them and say that they became stockbrokers because of their respective characters in the film.

Stone and Douglas reunited for a sequel titled Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps, which was released theatrically on September 24, 2010.

Plot

In 1985, Bud Fox is a junior stockbroker at Jackson Steinem & Co. in New York City. He wants to work with his hero, Gordon Gekko, a legendary Wall Street player. After calling Gekko's office 59 days in a row trying to land an appointment, Bud visits Gekko on his birthday with a box of Gekko's favorite, contraband Cuban cigars. Impressed at his persistence, Gekko grants Bud an interview. Bud pitches him stocks, but Gekko is unimpressed. Desperate, Bud provides him some inside information about Bluestar Airlines, which he has learned in a casual conversation with his father, Carl, leader of the company's maintenance workers' union. Intrigued, Gekko tells Bud he will think about it. A dejected Bud returns to his office. However, Gekko places an order for Bluestar stock and becomes one of Bud's clients.

After making a considerable amount of money from the Bluestar tip, Gekko gives Bud some capital to manage, but the other stocks Bud selects by honest research and advice from respected senior broker Lou Mannheim lose money. Gekko offers Bud another chance, and tells him to spy on British investor Sir Lawrence Wildman. They deduce that Wildman is making a bid for Anacott Steel. Gekko buys a large block of shares in Anacott, which Wildman is forced to buy off him at a high price, to complete the takeover.

Bud becomes wealthy, enjoying Gekko's promised perks, including a penthouse on Manhattan's East Side. He also gains a girlfriend, Gekko's art consultant and ex-mistress, Darien, an interior decorator. Bud is promoted as a result of the large commissions he is bringing in and is given an office with a view. He continues to maximize inside information and use friends as straw buyers to provide more income for himself and Gekko. Unknown to Bud, several of his trades attract the attention of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Bud pitches a new idea to Gekko: buy Bluestar Airlines and expand the company, with Bud as president, using savings achieved by union concessions and the overfunded pension. Even though Bud is unable to persuade his father to support him and Gekko, he is able to get the unions to push for the deal. Soon afterward, Bud learns that Gekko plans to dissolve the company and sell off Bluestar's assets in order to access cash in the company's pension plan, leaving Carl and the entire Bluestar staff unemployed. Although this would leave Bud a very rich man, he is angered by Gekko's deceit and wracked with guilt for being an accessory to Bluestar's impending destruction, especially after his father suffers a heart attack. Bud resolves to disrupt Gekko's plans, and breaks up with Darien when she refuses to go against Gekko, her former lover.

Bud and the union presidents secretly meet with Wildman and arrange for him to buy the stock and a controlling interest in Bluestar, at a significant discount, on the condition that he saves the company. Bud then devises a plan to leak news of Gekko's takeover to drive the price up. This forces Gekko to buy the stock at a higher price, as he tries to secure a controlling interest. Bud then convinces the unions to pull their support, ending any prospect of Gekko completing the takeover, and causing the price to plummet. This forces Gekko to offload his stock at a considerable loss. When Gekko learns on the evening news that Wildman is buying Bluestar, he realizes Bud has engineered the entire scheme. Bud triumphantly returns to work at Jackson Steinem the following day, only to be arrested by the SEC, who had been tracking Bud's insider trading.

Later, Bud confronts Gekko in Central Park. Gekko punches Bud several times, berating him for his role with Bluestar, and accuses him of ingratitude for several of their illicit trades. Later, it is revealed that Bud was wearing a wire to record his encounter with Gekko for the authorities, who suggest he may get a lighter sentence in exchange for providing evidence against Gekko. Later, Bud's parents drive him down FDR Drive towards the New York County Courthouse, telling Bud he "did the right thing" by cooperating with the government and paying back his illicit earnings, and urging him to accept Wildman's offer of a job at Bluestar once he has completed his prison sentence. After suggesting Bud "create, instead of living off the buying and selling of others", Carl drops Bud off at the courthouse, where he ascends the steps, ready to face justice for his crimes.

Cast

• Michael Douglas as Gordon Gekko
• Charlie Sheen as Bud Fox
• Daryl Hannah as Darien Taylor
• Martin Sheen as Carl Fox
• John C. McGinley as Marvin
• Terence Stamp as Sir Larry Wildman
• Andrea Thompson as a hooker (film debut)
• James Karen as Harry Lynch
• Hal Holbrook as Lou Mannheim
• Sean Young as Kate Gekko
• James Spader as Roger Barnes
• Saul Rubinek as Harold Salt
• John Capodice as Dominick
• Franklin Cover as Dan
• Sylvia Miles as Dolores the Realtor
• Millie Perkins as Mrs. Fox
• Josh Mostel as Ollie
• Paul Guilfoyle as Stone Livingstone
• Tamara Tunie as Carolyn
• Leslie Lyles as Natalie
• Adelle Lutz as Janet
• Richard Dysart as Cromwell
• Michael O'Donoghue as Reporter

Production

Development

After the success of Platoon (1986), Oliver Stone wanted film school friend and Los Angeles screenwriter Stanley Weiser to research and write a screenplay about quiz show scandals in the 1950s.<ref name="Weiser 2008">Template:Cite news</ref> During a story conference, Stone suggested making a film about Wall Street instead. Stone pitched the premise of two investment partners getting involved in questionable financial dealings, using each other, and they are tailed by a prosecutor as in Crime and Punishment.<ref name="Weiser 2008"/> Stone had been thinking about this kind of a film as early as 1981<ref name="Riordan 1996">Template:Cite bookTemplate:Page needed</ref> and was inspired by his father, Lou Stone, a broker during the Great Depression at Hayden Stone.<ref name="Demos 2007">Template:Cite news</ref>

Stone knew a New York businessman who was making millions and working long days putting together deals all over the world. This man started making mistakes that cost him everything. Stone remembers that the "story frames what happens in my movie, which is basically a Pilgrim's Progress of a boy who is seduced and corrupted by the allure of easy money. And in the third act, he sets out to redeem himself".<ref name="Riordan 1996"/> Stone asked Weiser to read Crime and Punishment, but Weiser found that its story did not mix well with their own. Stone then asked Weiser to read The Great Gatsby for material that they could use, but it was not the right fit either.<ref name="Weiser 2008"/> Weiser had no prior knowledge of the financial world and immersed himself in researching the world of stock trading, junk bonds, and corporate takeovers. He and Stone spent three weeks visiting brokerage houses and interviewing investors.<ref name="Weiser 2008"/>

Screenplay

Weiser wrote the first draft, initially called Greed, with Stone writing another draft. Originally, Charlie Sheen's character was a young Jewish broker named Freddie Goldsmith, but Stone changed the name to Bud Fox to avoid the stereotype that Wall Street was controlled by Jews.<ref name="Riordan 1996"/> Reportedly, Gordon Gekko is said to be a composite of several people: Wall Street broker Owen Morrisey, an old friend of Stone's<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> who was involved in a $20 million insider trading scandal in 1985, Dennis Levine, Ivan Boesky,<ref name="Crowdus 1987">Template:Cite magazine</ref> corporate raider Carl Icahn, investor and art collector Asher Edelman, agent Michael Ovitz, and Stone himself.<ref name="Weiser 2008"/> For example, Stone told Newsweek that the "Greed, for lack of a better word, is good" line was based on a speech by Boesky where he said, "Greed is right".<ref name="Sigesmund 2002">Template:Cite news</ref>

According to Edward R. Pressman, producer of the film, "Originally, there was no one individual who Gekko was modeled on", he adds, "But Gekko was partly Milken". Also, Pressman has said that the character of Sir Larry Wildman was modeled on James Goldsmith, the Anglo-French billionaire and corporate-raider.<ref name="Goodley 2008">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

According to Weiser, Gekko's style of speaking was inspired by Stone. "When I was writing some of the dialogue I would listen to Oliver on the phone and sometimes he talks very rapid-fire, the way Gordon Gekko does".<ref name="Riordan 1996"/> Stone cites as influences on his approach to business, the novels of Upton Sinclair, Sinclair Lewis and Victor Hugo, and the films of Paddy Chayefsky because they were able to make a complicated subject clear to the audience.<ref name="Scott 1987a">Template:Cite news</ref> Stone set the film in 1985 because insider trading scandals culminated in 1985 and 1986.<ref name="Scott 1987a"/> This led to anachronisms in the script, including a reference to the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, which had not yet occurred.

Casting

Stone met with Tom Cruise about playing Bud Fox, but Stone had already committed to Charlie Sheen for the role.<ref name="Riordan 1996"/> Matthew Modine turned down the role of Bud Fox.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Stone liked the "stiffness" of Sheen's acting style and used it to convey Bud's naivete.<ref name="Kiselyak 2007">Template:Cite news</ref> Michael Douglas had just come off heroic roles like the one in Romancing the Stone and was looking for something dark and edgy.<ref name="Riordan 1996"/> The studio wanted Warren Beatty to play Gekko, but he was not interested. Stone initially wanted Richard Gere but Gere passed, so Stone went with Douglas despite having been advised by others in Hollywood not to cast him.<ref name="Riordan 1996"/> Stone remembers, "I was warned by everyone in Hollywood that Michael couldn't act, that he was a producer more than an actor and would spend all his time in his trailer on the phone". Nevertheless, Stone found out that "when he's acting he gives it his all".<ref name="McGuigan 1987">Template:Cite news</ref> Stone said that he saw "that villain quality" in Douglas and always thought he was a smart businessman.<ref name="Lipper 1987"/> Douglas remembers that when he first read the screenplay, "I thought it was a great part. It was a long script, and there were some incredibly long and intense monologues to open with. I'd never seen a screenplay where there were two or three pages of single-spaced type for a monologue. I thought, whoa! I mean, it was unbelievable".<ref name="Riordan 1996"/> For research, he read profiles of corporate raiders T. Boone Pickens and Carl Icahn.<ref name="Riordan 1996"/>

Stone gave Charlie Sheen the choice of Jack Lemmon or Martin Sheen to play his father in the film, and Sheen picked Martin Sheen, his own father. The elder Sheen related to the moral sense of his character.<ref name="Kiselyak 2007"/> Stone cast Daryl Hannah as Bud Fox's materialistic girlfriend Darien Taylor, but felt that she was never happy with the role and did not know why she accepted it. He tried to explain the character to Hannah repeatedly, and thought that the materialism of the character conflicted with Hannah's idealism.<ref name="Kiselyak 2007"/> Stone said later that he was aware early on that she was not right for the part. "Daryl Hannah was not happy doing the role and I should have let her go. All my crew wanted to get rid of her after one day of shooting. My pride was such that I kept saying I was going to make it work".<ref name="Riordan 1996"/> Stone also had difficulties with Sean Young, who made her opinions known that Hannah should be fired and that she should play that role instead. Young would show up to the set late and unprepared. She did not get along with Charlie Sheen, which caused further friction on the set. In retrospect, Stone felt that Young was right and he should have swapped Hannah's role with hers.<ref name="Riordan 1996"/> Stone admits that he had "some problems" with Young, but was not willing to confirm or deny rumors that she walked off with all of her costumes when she completed filming.<ref name="Lipper 1987"/>

Principal photography

Stone wanted to shoot the film in New York City and that required a budget of at least $15 million, a moderate shooting budget by 1980s standards. The studio that backed Platoon felt that it was too risky a project to bankroll and passed. Stone and producer Edward R. Pressman took it to 20th Century Fox and filming began in April 1987 and ended on July 4 of the same year.<ref name="Blair 2008">Template:Cite news</ref> Parts of the film were shot in Snowbird, Utah.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> According to Stone, he was "making a movie about sharks, about feeding frenzies. Bob [director of photography Robert Richardson] and I wanted the camera to become a predator. There is no let-up until you get to the fixed world of Charlie's father, where the stationary camera gives you a sense of immutable values".<ref name="Riordan 1996"/> The director saw [Wall Street] as a battle zone and "filmed it as such" including shooting conversations like physical confrontations, and in ensemble shots had the camera circle the actors "in a way that makes you feel you're in a pool with sharks".<ref name="Wuntch 1987">Template:Cite news</ref>

Jeffrey "Mad Dog" Beck, a star investment banker at the time with Drexel Burnham Lambert, was one of the film's technical advisers and has a cameo appearance in the film as the man speaking at the meeting discussing the breakup of Bluestar. Kenneth Lipper, investment banker and former deputy mayor of New York for Finance and Economic Development, was also hired as chief technical adviser.<ref name="Cowan 1987">Template:Cite news</ref> At first, he turned Stone down because he felt that the film would be a one-sided attack. Stone asked him to reconsider and Lipper read the script responding with a 13-page critique.<ref name="Welles 1987">Template:Cite news</ref> For example, he argued that it was unrealistic to have all the characters be "morally bankrupt".<ref name="Cowan 1987"/> Lipper advised Stone on the kind of computers used on the trading floor, the accurate proportion of women at a business meeting, and the kinds of extras that should be seated at the annual shareholders' meeting where Gekko delivers his "Greed is good" speech.<ref name="Cowan 1987"/> Stone agreed with Lipper's criticism and asked him to rewrite the script. Lipper brought a balance to the film and this helped Stone get permission to shoot on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange during trading hours.<ref name="Welles 1987"/> Lipper and Stone disagreed over the character of Lou Mannheim. Stone shot a scene showing the honest Mannheim giving in to insider trading, but Lipper argued that audiences might conclude that everyone on Wall Street is corrupt and insisted that the film needed an unimpeachable character. Stone cut the scene.<ref name="Welles 1987"/>

Stone also consulted with Carl Icahn, Asher Edelman, convicted inside trader David Brown, several government prosecutors, and Wall Street investment bankers.<ref name="Lipper 1987">Template:Cite news</ref> In addition, traders were brought in to coach actors on the set on how to hold phones, write out tickets, and talk to clients.<ref name="Welles 1987"/> Stone asked Lipper to design a six-week course that would expose Charlie Sheen to a cross section of young Wall Street business people. The actor said, "I was impressed and very, very respectful of the fact that they could maintain that kind of aggressiveness and drive".<ref name="Rattner 1987">Template:Cite news</ref>

Douglas worked with a speech instructor on breath control in order to become better acclimatized to the fast rhythm of the film's dialogue. Early on in the shoot, Stone tested Douglas by enhancing his "repressed anger", according to the actor.<ref name="Kiselyak 2007"/> At one point, Stone came into Douglas' trailer and asked him if he was doing drugs because "you look like you haven't acted before".<ref name="Kiselyak 2007"/> This shocked Douglas, who did more research and worked on his lines again and again, pushing himself harder than he had before. All of this hard work culminated with the "Greed is good" speech.<ref name="Kiselyak 2007"/> Stone planned to use a Fortune magazine cover in exchange for promotional advertisements, but Forbes magazine made a similar offer. Stone stuck with Fortune, which upset Forbes publisher Malcolm Forbes, who turned down a later request to use his private yacht.<ref name="Garcia 1987">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Stone switched from 12- to 14-hour shooting days in the last few weeks in order to finish principal photography before an impending Directors Guild of America strike and finished five days ahead of schedule.<ref name="Garcia 1987"/> Sheen remembered that Stone was always looking at the script and at his watch.<ref name="Kiselyak 2007"/>

Soundtrack

The original score composed by Stewart Copeland was released on LP record in 1988, followed by a CD version in 1993.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Themes

The film has come to be seen as the archetypal portrayal of 1980s excess, with Gekko advocating "greed, for lack of a better word, is good".<ref name="Ross 2005">Template:Cite news</ref> Wall Street defines itself through a number of morality conflicts putting wealth and power against simplicity and honesty,<ref name="Gabriel 2001">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and an attack on the value system of extreme competitiveness where ethics and the law are simply irrelevant parts of the show.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Carl (Martin Sheen's character) represents the working class in the film: he is the union leader for the maintenance workers at Bluestar. He constantly attacks big business, money, mandatory drug screening, greedy manufacturers, and anything that he sees as a threat to his union. The conflict between Gekko's relentless pursuit of wealth and Carl Fox's leftward leanings form the basis of the film's subtext.<ref name="Gabriel 2001"/> This subtext could be described as the concept of the two fathers battling for control over the morals of the son, a concept Stone had also used in Platoon. In Wall Street the hard-working Carl Fox and the cutthroat businessman Gordon Gekko represent the fathers. The producers of the film use Carl as their voice in the film, a voice of reason amid the creative destruction brought about by Gekko's unrestrained personal philosophy.<ref name="Gabriel 2001"/>

A significant scene in the film is a speech by Gekko to a shareholders' meeting of Teldar Paper, a company he is planning to take over. Stone uses this scene to give Gekko, and by extension, the Wall Street raiders he personifies, the chance to justify their actions, portraying himself as a liberator of the company value from the ineffective and excessively compensated executives.<ref name="Gabriel 2001"/> The inspiration for the "Greed is good" speech seems to have come from two sources. The first part, where Gekko complains that the company's management owns less than three percent of its stock, and that it has too many vice presidents, is taken from similar speeches and comments made by Carl Icahn about companies he was trying to take over.<ref name="Gabriel 2001"/> The defense of greed was adapted from a remark by Boesky,<ref name="Sigesmund 2002"/> who himself was later convicted of insider trading charges.<ref name="Dickerson 1993">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Delivering the 1986 commencement address to the School of Business Administration at the University of California, Berkeley, Boesky said, "Greed is all right, by the way. I want you to know that. I think greed is healthy. You can be greedy and still feel good about yourself."<ref name="Greene 1986">Template:Cite web</ref>

Wall Street is not a wholesale criticism of capitalism, but of the cynical, quick-buck culture of the 1980s.<ref name="Gabriel 2001"/> The "good" characters in the film are themselves capitalists, but in a more steady, hardworking sense. In one scene, Gekko scoffs at Bud Fox's question as to the moral value of hard work, quoting the example of his (Gekko's) father, who worked hard his entire life only to die in debt. Sir Laurence Wildman genuinely attempts to save Anacott Steel and ultimately saves Blue Star instead, although Gekko taunts him that he laid off thousands of workers in previous companies which he took over. Lou Mannheim, the film's archetypal mentor, says early in the film, that "good things sometimes take time", referring to IBM and Hilton—in contrast, Gekko's "Greed is Good" credo and his frequent references to Sun Tzu's The Art of War typify the short-term view prevalent in the 1980s.<ref name="Gabriel 2001"/>

Reception

Critical response

Wall Street was released on December 11, 1987, in 730 theaters and grossed $4.1 million on its opening weekend. It went on to make $43.8 million in the United States and Canada,<ref name="boxoffice">Template:Cite news</ref> earning theatrical rentals of $20 million.<ref name="Foreign Vs Domestic">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Internationally, it earned rentals of $21 million for a worldwide total of $41 million.<ref name="Foreign Vs Domestic"/>

The film has a 79% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 61 reviews, with an average rating of 6.90/10. The consensus reads, "With Wall Street, Oliver Stone delivers a blunt but effective—and thoroughly well-acted—jeremiad against its era's veneration of greed as a means to its own end."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On Metacritic it has a score of 56 out of 100 from 16 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In his review for The New York Times, Vincent Canby, while quite critical of the film overall, praised Douglas' work as "the funniest, canniest performance of his career".<ref name="Canby 1987">Template:Cite news</ref> Roger Ebert gave the film three and a half stars out of four and praised it for allowing "all the financial wheeling and dealing to seem complicated and convincing, and yet always have it make sense. The movie can be followed by anybody, because the details of stock manipulation are all filtered through transparent layers of greed. Most of the time we know what's going on. All of the time, we know why".<ref name="Ebert 1987">Template:Cite news</ref> Time magazine's Richard Corliss wrote, "This time he works up a salty sweat to end up nowhere, like a triathlete on a treadmill. But as long as he keeps his players in venal, perpetual motion, it is great scary fun to watch him work out".<ref name="Corliss 1987">Template:Cite magazine</ref> In his review for The Globe and Mail, Jay Scott praised the performances of the two leads: "But Douglas's portrayal of Gordon Gekko is an oily triumph and as the kid Gekko thinks he has found in Fox ('Poor, smart and hungry; no feelings'), Charlie Sheen evolves persuasively from gung-ho capitalist child to wily adolescent corporate raider to morally appalled adult".<ref name="Scott 1987b">Template:Cite news</ref> Rita Kempley wrote in The Washington Post that the film "is at its weakest when it preaches visually or verbally. Stone doesn't trust the time-honored story line, supplementing the obvious moral with plenty of soapboxery".<ref name="Kempley 1987">Template:Cite news</ref> F.F. Mormani, writing for The Objective Standard, calls the film "mixed", explaining that it "accurately portray[s] some aspects of the financial profession and unjustly demonizing it, too. But," she concludes, "it is sufficiently thought provoking and philosophical to recommend watching or rewatching."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Michael Douglas won the Academy Award for Best Actor and thanked Oliver Stone for "casting me in a part that almost nobody thought I could play".<ref name="Gorney 1988">Template:Cite news</ref> However, Daryl Hannah's performance was not as well received and earned her a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress, thus making this the only film to date to win both an Oscar and a Razzie. The "quintessential financial high-roller's attire"<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> of Douglas in the film, designed by Alan Flusser, was emulated in the 1980s by yuppies.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Interest in the film was renewed in 1990 when the cover of Newsweek magazine asked, "Is Greed Dead?" after 1980s icons like Michael Milken and Ivan Boesky ran afoul of insider trading laws.<ref name="Demos 2007"/> Over the years, the film's screenwriter Stanley Weiser has been approached by numerous people who told him, "The movie changed my life. Once I saw it I knew that I wanted to get into such and such business. I wanted to be like Gordon Gekko".<ref name="Weiser 2008"/> In addition, both Charlie Sheen and Michael Douglas still have people come up to them and say that they became stockbrokers because of their respective characters in the film.<ref name="Kiselyak 2007"/> In 2002, Stone was asked how the financial market depicted in Wall Street has changed and he replied, "The problems that existed in the 1980s market grew and grew into a much larger phenomenon. Enron is a fiction, in a sense, in the same way that Gordon Gekko's buying and selling was a fiction ... Kenny Lay—he's the new Gordon Gekko".<ref name="Sigesmund 2002"/> Entertainment Weekly magazine's Owen Gleiberman commented in 2009 that the film "reveals something now which it couldn't back then: that the Gordon Gekkos of the world weren't just getting rich—they were creating an alternate reality that was going to crash down on all of us."<ref name="Gleiberman 2009">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

A 20th-anniversary edition was released on September 18, 2007. New extras include an on-camera introduction by Stone, extensive deleted scenes, "Greed is Good" featurettes, and interviews with Michael Douglas and Martin Sheen.<ref name="Croce 2007">Template:Cite news</ref>

In reviewing the film's sequel 23 years later, Variety noted that though the original film was "intended as a cautionary tale on the pitfalls of unchecked ambition and greed, Stone's 1987 original instead had the effect of turning Douglas' hugely charismatic (and Oscar-winning) villain into a household name and boardroom icon – an inspiration to the very power players and Wall Street wannabes for whom he set such a terrible example."<ref name="Chang 2010">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2024, Far Out magazine named Gordon Gekko one of the "10 most accurate movie psychopaths according to the FBI".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Accolades

Award	Category	Nominee(s)	Result
Academy Awards	Best Actor	Michael Douglas	Template:Won
David di Donatello Awards	Best Foreign Actor		Template:Won
Golden Camera Awards	Best International Actor	Michael Douglas	Template:Won
Golden Globe Awards	Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama		Template:Won
Golden Raspberry Awards	Worst Supporting Actress	Daryl Hannah	Template:Won
Japan Academy Film Prize	Outstanding Foreign Language Film		Template:Nom
Jupiter Awards	Best International Actor	Michael Douglas	Template:Won
Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards	Best Actor		Template:Won
Nastro d'Argento	Best Foreign Actor		Template:Won
National Board of Review Awards	Top Ten Films		Template:Draw
	Best Actor	Michael Douglas	Template:Won
New York Film Critics Circle Awards	Best Actor		Template:Nom
Sant Jordi Awards	Best Foreign Actor		Template:Nom
Satellite Awards	Best DVD Extras		Template:Nom

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

• 2003: AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
  • Gordon Gekko – #24 Villain<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• 2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
  • Gordon Gekko: "Greed, for lack of a better word, is good." – #57<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Sequel

Template:Main In 2007, The New York Times reported that a sequel to Wall Street, to be subtitled Money Never Sleeps, was already in pre-production.<ref name="Siegel 2008">Template:Cite news</ref> Michael Douglas would reprise his role as Gordon Gekko. The film would also focus on Gekko, recently released from prison and re-entering a much more chaotic financial world than the one he once oversaw.<ref name="Siegel 2008"/> Charlie Sheen would also reprise his character of Bud Fox, but only in a cameo role.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Daryl Hannah would not be involved in the sequel.<ref name="Cieply 2007">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Sequel To Be Made">Template:Cite news</ref>

But by April 2009, 20th Century Fox confirmed that the sequel was already in development and announced that Oliver Stone would direct.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In addition, Shia LaBeouf was cast with Josh Brolin.<ref name="Fleming 2009">Template:Cite news</ref> Javier Bardem had been considered,<ref name="Finke 2009">Template:Cite news</ref> but Bardem dropped out due to scheduling conflicts.<ref name="Olson 2009">Template:Cite news</ref> The film was finally released on September 24, 2010, and received mixed reviews.<ref name="DiOrio 2010">Template:Cite news</ref>

See also

• List of films featuring psychopaths and sociopaths

• Cyrtodactylus gordongekkoi, a species of gecko named after the character Gordon Gekko

External links

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