Clay County, Kansas

Clay County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Clay Center.<ref name="GR6">Template:Cite web</ref> As of the 2020 United States census, the county population was 8,117.<ref name="QF">Template:Cite web</ref> The county was named for Henry Clay, an influential U.S. Senator from Kentucky.

History

Early history

Template:See also For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America were inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

19th century

In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1857, Clay County was established.

When the first counties were created by the Kansas legislature in 1855, the territory within the present limits of the county was attached to Riley County for all revenue and judicial purposes. Subsequently, Clay was attached to Geary County. In 1857, Clay was created and named in honor of the famous American statesman Henry Clay,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> a member of the United States Senate from Kentucky and United States Secretary of State in the 19th century.

In 1887, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a branch line from Neva (3 miles west of Strong City) to Superior, Nebraska. This branch line connected Strong City, Neva, Rockland, Diamond Springs, Burdick, Lost Springs, Jacobs, Hope, Navarre, Enterprise, Abilene, Talmage, Manchester, Longford, Oak Hill, Miltonvale, Aurora, Huscher, Concordia, Kackley, Courtland, Webber, Superior. At some point, the line from Neva to Lost Springs was pulled, but the right of way has not been abandoned. This branch line was originally called "Strong City and Superior line" but later the name was shortened to the "Strong City line". In 1996, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway merged with Burlington Northern Railroad and renamed to the current BNSF Railway. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Santa Fe".

21st century

In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was constructed north to south through Clay County, with much controversy over tax exemption and environmental concerns (if a leak ever occurs).<ref>Keystone Pipeline - Marion County Commission calls out Legislative Leadership on Pipeline Deal; April 18, 2010. Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Keystone Pipeline - TransCanada inspecting pipeline; December 10, 2010.</ref> A pumping station named Riley was built along the pipeline.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (1.6%) is water.<ref name="GR1">Template:Cite web</ref>

Adjacent counties

• Washington County (north)
• Riley County (east)
• Geary County (southeast)
• Dickinson County (south)
• Ottawa County (southwest)
• Cloud County (west)

Major highways

Sources: National Atlas,<ref>National Atlas Template:Webarchive</ref> U.S. Census Bureau<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

• U.S. Route 24
• Kansas Highway 15
• Kansas Highway 82

Demographics

File:USA Clay County, Kansas age pyramid.svg

Population pyramid based on 2000 census age data

As of the 2000 census,<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> there were 8,822 people, 3,617 households, and 2,517 families residing in the county. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 4,084 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the county was 97.72% White, 0.57% Black or African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.83% of the population.

There were 3,617 households, out of which 30.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.90% were married couples living together, 6.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.40% were non-families. 27.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.90% under the age of 18, 6.70% from 18 to 24, 23.90% from 25 to 44, 23.70% from 45 to 64, and 20.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 99.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $33,965, and the median income for a family was $41,103. Males had a median income of $28,817 versus $17,760 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,939. About 6.80% of families and 10.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.60% of those under age 18 and 8.60% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Presidential elections

Like all of Kansas outside the eastern cities, Clay County is overwhelmingly Republican. When Lyndon B. Johnson became in 1964 the last Democrat to carry the state's electoral votes, Clay County was his weakest in the state, giving over 62 percent of its votes to Barry Goldwater. The solitary Democrat to win a majority of Clay County's votes has been William Jennings Bryan in 1896, although Woodrow Wilson in a four-way race in 1912, and Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 both obtained slim pluralities. Roosevelt in 1936, when he lost to Kansan Alf Landon by eighty-four votes, remains the last Democrat to win forty percent of the county's vote, and Jimmy Carter in 1976 is the last to pass thirty percent.

Education

Unified school districts that serve portions of the county include:<ref>Template:Cite web - Text list</ref>

• Clay County USD 379
• Clifton-Clyde USD 224
• Southern Cloud USD 334

Communities

File:Map of Clay Co, Ks, USA.png

2005 map of Clay County<ref name="County-Map-Current"/> (map legend)

List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Clay County.<ref name="County-Map-Current">Template:Cite web</ref>

Cities

‡ means a community has portions in an adjacent county. Template:Div col

• Clay Center (county seat)
• Wakefield
• Clifton‡
• Morganville
• Green
• Longford
• Vining‡
• Oak Hill

Unincorporated communities

† means a community is designated a Census-Designated Place (CDP) by the United States Census Bureau. Template:Div col

• Idana†
• Industry‡
• Ladysmith

Ghost towns

• Broughton
• Browndale
• Athelstane
• Bateham
• Broughton, razed when Milford Lake was built
• Browndale
• Exeter
• Fact
• Fancy Creek
• Garfield Center
• Gatesville
• Northern
• Republican City
• Lovejoy
• Powellsburgh
• Delavan
• Riverdale
• Uniondale
• Stitt
• Chapmanville
• Wilson
• Hebron
• Lund
• Peach Grove
• Mulberry
• Morgan City
• Madura
• Fayetteville
• Otter Creek
• Mount Pleasant
• Fancy Creek
• Oberg
• Carter Creek
• Tabor
• Morena
• Bachelder
• Lima
• Iwacura

Townships

Clay County is divided into eighteen townships. The city of Clay Center is considered governmentally independent and is excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

Township	FIPS	Population center	Population	Population density /km2 (/sq mi)	Land area km2 (sq mi)	Water area km2 (sq mi)	Water %	Geographic coordinates
Athelstane	02950		144	2 (4)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0.03%	Template:Coord
Blaine	07050		259	2 (6)	109 (42)	1 (0)	0.94%	Template:Coord
Bloom	07325		125	1 (3)	122 (47)	1 (0)	0.53%	Template:Coord
Chapman	12525	Longford	202	2 (6)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0.09%	Template:Coord
Clay Center	13650		368	4 (10)	98 (38)	1 (1)	1.46%	Template:Coord
Exeter	22100		81	1 (2)	94 (36)	0 (0)	0.08%	Template:Coord
Five Creeks	23475		159	2 (4)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0.04%	Template:Coord
Garfield	25500		107	1 (3)	91 (35)	0 (0)	0.05%	Template:Coord
Gill	26250		140	2 (5)	78 (30)	0 (0)	0.04%	Template:Coord
Goshen	27025		92	1 (3)	91 (35)	0 (0)	0%	Template:Coord
Grant	27500		132	2 (5)	74 (29)	13 (5)	14.83%	Template:Coord
Hayes	30875		206	2 (6)	92 (36)	0 (0)	0%	Template:Coord
Highland	31825	Green	310	3 (9)	92 (35)	0 (0)	0.07%	Template:Coord
Mulberry	49000	Clifton (part)	331	3 (9)	97 (38)	2 (1)	1.99%	Template:Coord
Oakland	51725		110	1 (3)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0%	Template:Coord
Republican	59025	Wakefield	1,024	14 (36)	73 (28)	10 (4)	12.46%	Template:Coord
Sherman	64850	Morganville	328	4 (10)	85 (33)	1 (0)	1.00%	Template:Coord
Union	72075		140	2 (4)	92 (35)	0 (0)	0.38%	Template:Coord
Sources: Template:Cite web

Notable people

See List of people from Clay County, Kansas

Two former Kansas Governors resided in Clay County. George Docking was the 35th Governor, serving from January 14, 1957, until January 9, 1961.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> William H. Avery was the 37th Governor, from January 11, 1965, until January 9, 1967.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>

See also

• Dry counties

References

Notes

Further reading

• Standard Atlas of Clay County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 71 pages; 1918.
• Standard Atlas of Clay County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 65 pages; 1900.
• Historical Plat Book of Clay County, Kansas; Bird & Mickle Map Co; 88 pages; 1881.

External links

County

• Template:Official website
• Clay County - Directory of Public Officials

Historical

• Clay County Kansas History and Heritage Project

Maps

• Clay County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
• Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
• Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
• Clay County Mural Map