Jumper (dress)
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A jumper (in American English), jumper dress, or pinafore dress<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> is a sleeveless, collarless dress intended to be worn over a blouse, shirt, T-shirt or sweater.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Jumper, definition in Collins American Dictionary</ref><ref>"Pinafore" Oxford Dictionaries</ref> Hemlines can be of different lengths and the type of collar and whether there is pleating are also variables in the design.<ref name=":0" />
In British English, the term jumper describes what is called a sweater in American English. Also, in more formal British usage, a distinction is made between a pinafore dress and a pinafore. The latter, though a related garment, has an open back and is worn as an apron. In American English, pinafore always refers to an apron.Template:Citation needed
A sundress, like a jumper, is sleeveless and collarless; however, such articles are not worn over a blouse or sweater, and are of distinctly different cuts and fashions. The apron dress may be viewed as a special case of the jumper. If the design of the dress is directly inspired by an apron (having a bib in front and ties in the back, for example), the garment is typically described as an apron dress.Template:Sfn
History
[edit]Jumpers for fall were described in The Fort Wayne Sentinel in 1906.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite news</ref> The dresses were "imported from Paris" and featured "original lines."<ref name=":2" />
Jumpers in the United States were part of the sportswear collections of Jean Patou, Coco Chanel and Paul Poiret.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> Suzanne Lenglen wore Patou's jumper design in the 1920s.<ref name=":0" /> The dresses, worn over blouses, became popular during the decade of the 1920s.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Jumpers were often worn in the summer and made out of various types of fabrics.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Jumpers were touted as an "American" and a "sports fashion" in 1930 by the Pittsburgh Press.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite news</ref> The dresses were also praised for allowing women to create color combinations through the choice of blouse worn underneath.<ref name=":1" />
Jumpers were again popularized in 1953, when Hubert de Givenchy promoted his own jumper.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Jumpers, now considered a "classic" look, were considered "suitable to all ages."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
See also
[edit]- Gymslip – a British pinafore dress worn as athletic wear or school uniform
- Kirtle – a medieval garment of similar function
- Romper suit – combination of shorts and shirt
- Sarafan – a similar Russian traditional dress