Saint Veronica

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Saint Veronica, also known as Berenike,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> was a widow from Jerusalem who lived in the 1st century AD, according to extra-biblical Christian traditions.<ref name= Trinity/> Apocryphal texts relate how Veronica was moved with sympathy seeing Jesus carrying the cross to Calvary and gave him her veil so that he could wipe his forehead. Jesus accepted the offer, and when he returned the veil the image of his face was miraculously captured on it. The resulting relic became known as the Veil of Veronica.<ref name= N&Q/><ref name= AI/><ref name= Butler/>

The story of Veronica is celebrated in the sixth Station of the Cross in Anglican, Catholic, and Western Orthodox churches.<ref name= Trinity/><ref>"Sixth Station" at vatican.va.</ref><ref name= Prothero/> A celebrated saint in many pious Christian countries, the 17th-century Acta Sanctorum published by the Bollandists listed her feast under July 12,<ref name= Harper/> but the German Jesuit scholar Joseph Braun cited her commemoration in Festi Marianni on January 13.

File:0 Ste Véronique et les saintes Femmes - Hôtel-Dieu à Cluny - Mac's.JPG

Saint Veronica and the Holy Women, Grégoire Guérard, c.1530

Background

File:Cloth of St. Veronica, Bernardino Zaganelli, c. 1500, oil on panel, Philadelphia Museum of Art.jpg

Cloth of Saint Veronica, Bernardino Zaganelli, c. 1500, oil on panel, Philadelphia Museum of Art

File:AGAD Albrecht Dürer – The Sudarium.jpg

Albrecht Dürer's 1513 Veronica

There is no reference to the story of Veronica and her veil in the canonical gospels. The closest is the miracle of the unnamed woman who was healed by touching the hem of Jesus’s garment.<ref>Template:Bibleverse</ref> The apocryphal Gospel of Nicodemus gives her name as Berenikē or Beronike (Template:Langx). The name Veronica is a Latinisation of this ancient Macedonian name. The story was later elaborated in the 11th century by adding that Christ gave her a portrait of himself on a cloth, with which she later cured the Emperor Tiberius. The linking of this with the bearing of the cross in the Passion occurs only around 1380 in the internationally popular book Meditations on the Life of Christ.<ref name= Wilson/>

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Statue of Veronica by Francesco Mochi in a niche of the pier supporting the main dome of St. Peter's Basilica

At some point a relic became associated with the story. Pedro Tafur, a Spanish knight visiting Rome in 1436, describes the following in the Church of St. Peter in his 1454 travel account:<ref name= Letts/> Template:Blockquote

However, he does not say specifically that he witnessed for himself this exhibition of the relic.

Some academic sources suggest a different origin for the legend of St. Veronica: that the cloth bearing an image of Jesus's face was known in Latin as the vera icon ("true image"), and that this name for the relic was misinterpreted as the name of a saint. The Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913 writes:<ref name= Dégert/> Template:Blockquote

The reference to Abgar is related to a similar legend in the Eastern Church, the Image of Edessa or Mandylion.

The Encyclopædia Britannica says this about the legend:<ref>Template:Cite EB1911</ref> Template:Blockquote

File:Saint Veronica. Gouache painting. Wellcome V0033128.jpg

Gouache painting of Saint Veronica

Veronica was mentioned in the reported visions of Jesus by Marie of St Peter, a Carmelite nun who lived in Tours, France, and started the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus. In 1844, Sister Marie reported that in a vision, she saw Veronica wiping away the spit and mud from the face of Jesus with her veil on the way to Calvary. She said that sacrilegious and blasphemous acts today are adding to the spit and mud that Veronica wiped away that day. According to Marie of St Peter, in her visions, Jesus told her that he desired devotion to His Holy Face in reparation for sacrilege and blasphemy. Acts of Reparation to Jesus Christ are thus compared to Veronica wiping the face of Jesus.<ref name= Cruz/><ref name= Scallan/>

The Devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus was eventually approved by Pope Leo XIII in 1885. Veronica is commemorated on 12 July.

Official patronage

Saint Veronica is the patron of the French mulquiniers whose representations they celebrated semi-annually (summer and winter) as in many pious Christian countries. She is also the patron saint of photographers, and laundry workers.