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Foreign relations of Tunisia

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Template:Short description Template:Politics of Tunisia Former President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali has maintained Tunisia's long-time policy of seeking good relations with the West, while playing an active role in Arab and African regional bodies. President Habib Bourguiba took a nonaligned stance but emphasized close relations with Europe, Pakistan, and the United States.

Diplomatic relations

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List of countries which Tunisia maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Tunisia.svg
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Bilateral relations

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Africa

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Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag See Algeria–Tunisia relations

Tunisia and Algeria resolved a longstanding border dispute in 1993 and have cooperated in the construction of the Trans-Mediterranean natural gas pipeline through Tunisia that connects Algeria to Italy. In 2003 Tunisia and Algeria formed Numhyd, a petroleum company to develop oil resources. It is jointly owned (each 50%) by government corporations, Algeria's Sonatrach and Tunisia's Entreprise Tunisienne d'Activités Pétrolières (ETAP). Recently Tunisia signed an agreement with Algeria in order to demarcate more exactly the maritime frontier between the two countries.

Template:Flag

Both countries have established diplomatic relations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Flag 1956<ref name=":1" /> See Egypt–Tunisia relations

In the 1950s the President of Tunisia, Habib Bourguiba, criticized on pragmatic grounds the type of Arab nationalism then promoted by Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, which was a widely popular ideology at the time in the Arabic-speaking countries. Their disagreement also concerned the policies of the Arab League. Bourguiba and Nassar eventually came to find some common ground.<ref>Jacques Baulin, The Arab role in Africa (Penguin 1962) at 118-128.</ref> Although ties were broken under Nasser, and again under Anwar Sadat, on the whole relations between Egypt and Tunisia have remained mutually beneficial.

After the Tunisian revolution in 2011, the Tunisian-Egyptian relations were very good, especially after the 2011 elections in Tunisia, where won the Ennahda Movement Islamic-oriented the elections, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood movement in Egypt won the elections, and also the convergence between the two presidents Moncef Marzouki and Mohamed Morsi. But since the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, relations became increasingly strained, and between the two and considered Tunisia that what is happening in Egypt is a military coup d'État bloody and protested against it in the United Nations, which led to a diplomatic crisis in relations severed in an indirect way and there is a lack of official visits at all levels. After the 2014 elections in Tunisia and the win of Nidaa Tounes's secular movement, improved relations and exchanged visits between officials and ministers.

  • Egypt has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Cairo.
Template:Flag 22 June 1956 See Libya–Tunisia relations

Tunisia's relations with Libya have been erratic since Tunisia annulled a brief agreement to form a union in 1974. Diplomatic relations were broken in 1976, restored in 1977, and deteriorated again in 1980, when Libyan-trained rebels attempted to seize the town of Gafsa. In 1982, the International Court of Justice ruled in Libya's favor in the partition of the oil-rich continental shelf it shares with Tunisia. Libya's 1985 expulsion of Tunisian workers and military threats led Tunisia to sever relations. Relations were normalized again in 1987. While supporting the United Nations sanctions imposed following airline bombings, Tunisia has been careful to maintain positive relations with its neighbor. Tunisia supported the lifting of UN sanctions against Libya in 2003, and Libya is again becoming a major trading partner. Currently, Tunisia has a maritime dispute with Libya.

  • Libya has an embassy in Tunis and a consulate-general in Sfax.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Tripoli and a consulate-general in Benghazi.
Template:Flag 1956<ref name=":1" />

Trade is increasing between Tunisia and Morocco. Direct maritime shipping commenced between the two countries in 2008 to supplement rail connections that remained uncertain. Also, the stock exchanges of Tunis and Casablanca this year began to jointly list the stock of a Maghriban company, this initial case involving an IPO.<ref>"Direct maritime transport commences between Tunisia and Morocco" www.magharebia.com - April 4, 2008.</ref>

  • Morocco has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Rabat.

Americas

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Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 11 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 October 1961.
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Both countries have passed a number of bilateral agreements.<ref>http://www.diplomatie.gov.tn/index.php?id=399&no_cache=1&L=0&tx_wdtreaties_pi1%5Baction& Template:Webarchive#93;=listView&tx_wdtreaties_pi1[country]=BLZ&tx_wdtreaties_pi1[pointer]=0&tx_wdtreaties_pi1[mode]=1 </ref>

Template:Flag 1956
  • Brazil has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Brasília.
Template:Flag 9 September 1957 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 September 1957.
  • Canada has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Ottawa and a consulate in Montreal.
Template:Flag 16 November 1961 See Mexico–Tunisia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 1961.

  • Mexico is accredited to Tunisia from its embassy in Algiers, Algeria and maintains an honorary consulate in Tunis.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Tunisia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag 6 June 1956 See Tunisia–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 1956<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

File:Embassy of Tunisia.JPG
The Embassy of Tunisia in Washington, D.C.

The United States has very good relations with Tunisia, which date back more than 200 years. The United States has maintained official representation in Tunis almost continuously since 1795, and the American Friendship Treaty with Tunisia was signed in 1799. The two governments are not linked by security treaties, but relations have been close since Tunisia's independence. The United States and Tunisia have an active schedule of joint military exercises. U.S. security assistance historically has played an important role in cementing relations. The U.S.-Tunisian Joint Military Commission meets annually to discuss military cooperation, Tunisia's defense modernization program, and other security matters. Since 2015, Tunisia and the United States are partners under the Major non-NATO partnership agreement.

  • Tunisia has an embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • United States has an embassy in Tunis.

Asia

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Tunisia has long been a voice for moderation and realism in the Middle East. Tunisia served as the headquarters of the Arab League from 1979 to 1990 and hosted the Palestine Liberation Organization's (PLO) headquarters from 1982 to 1993, when the PLO Executive Committee relocated to Jericho and the Palestinian Authority was established after the signing of the Oslo Accords. The PLO Political Department remains in Tunis.

Tunisia consistently has played a moderating role in the negotiations for a comprehensive Middle East peace. In 1993, Tunisia was the first Arab country to host an official Israeli delegation as part of the Middle East peace process and maintained an Interests Section until the outbreak in 2000 of the Intifada. Israeli citizens of Tunisian descent may travel to Tunisia on their Israeli passports.

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag See Armenia–Tunisia relations
  • Armenia is accredited to Tunisia from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
  • Tunisia is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
Template:Flag 1 July 1998 See Azerbaijan-Tunisia relations
  • Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Tunisia were established on July 1, 1998.<ref name=":0" />
  • Relations between Azerbaijan and Tunisia have been developed within the framework of international organizations, including the UN and OIC.<ref name=":0" />
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to the Republic of Tunisia through its ambassador in the Kingdom of Morocco.<ref name=":0" />
Template:Flag 10 January 1964 See China–Tunisia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1964<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

  • China has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Beijing.
Template:Flag See India–Tunisia relations
  • India has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in New Delhi.
Template:Flag See Iran–Tunisia relations

In May, 2005, Tunisia signed with Iran an agreement for cooperation in air, sea, and road transportation. It was signed on the visit of Tunisian minister Abderrahim Zouari to Iran.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

  • Iran has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Tehran.
Template:Flag
  • Iraq has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Baghdad.
Template:Flag See Israel–Tunisia relations
  • Israel had an interest office in Tunis between 1996 and 2000.
  • Tunisia had an interest office in Tel Aviv between 1996 and 2000.
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Tunisia and Japan have a visa agreement, Tunisian people traveling to Japan and Japanese people traveling to Tunisia do not need a visa, as long as their stay do not exceed 3 months. Japan also supports Tunisia, with equipment and money donations. Both countries had friendly relations since Tunisia's independence in 1956. Since 2015, Tunisia and Japan are allies under the Major non-NATO ally agreement.

  • Japan has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Tokyo.
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Tunisia and Lebanon share historical and civilizational ties. In June, 2010, the Tunisian Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi and his Lebanese counterpart Mr. Saad Hariri chaired a Tunisian-Lebanese working session. Both countries want to energize the process for the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. In addition, Tunisia reaffirmed its support of Lebanon.<ref>"Tunisia, Lebanon delagations hold working sessions" www.tunisiaonlinenews.com - June 26, 2010.</ref>

  • Lebanon has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Beirut.
Template:Flag See Malaysia–Tunisia relations
  • Malaysia is accredited to Tunisia from its embassy in Algiers, Algeria.
  • Tunisia is accredited to Malaysia from its embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Template:Flag 19 August 1957 See Pakistan–Tunisia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 August 1957<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

  • Pakistan has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Islamabad.
Template:Flag See Qatar–Tunisia relations

Qatar is among the largest Arab investors in Tunisia.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Relations between Qatar and Tunisia improved immensely between 2011 and 2013, when Ennahda Movement-affiliated candidate Hamadi Jebali was declared Prime Minister of Tunisia in the 2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly elections. Cooperation in all fields gradually started picking up traction; for instance, the two governments signed ten bilateral agreements in 2012.<ref name="carnegie">Template:Cite web</ref>

  • Qatar has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Doha.
Template:Flag See Saudi Arabia–Tunisia relations

In July 2010, a Tunisian-Saudi non-double taxation agreement was signed in Tunis, by Finance Minister Ridha Chalghoum and his Saudi counterpart Ibrahim Bin Abdulaziz Al-Assaf. The two ministers said this convention will certainly help boost trade exchanges between Tunisia and Saudi Arabia, stimulate investments, and favour exchange of expertise between the two countries.

In particular, it will further the Tunisian-Saudi Investment and Development Bank "STUSID Bank" in developing financial co-operation and the contribution of the Saudi Fund for Development (SFD) to boost the development process in Tunisia. The minister highlighted the importance of drawing on the two countries' expertise in the tax and customs field and set up a joint action plan to strengthen co-operation.<ref>"Tunisia-Saudi Arabia: Non-double taxation agreement signed" www.zawya.com - July 8, 2010.</ref>

  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.
Template:Flag 2 June 1956

The 11th session of the Tunisian-Syrian High Joint Committee met in Tunis in May 2010. The two countries share experience and information on such issues as housing, shipping, and tourism.<ref>"Tunisia-Syria boost bilateral co-operation" www.tunisiaonlinenews.com - May 14, 2010.</ref>

Template:Flag 1956<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> See Tunisia–Turkey relations

Europe

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Country Formal Relations Began Notes
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  • Austria has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Vienna.
Template:Flag
  • Belgium has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Brussels.
Template:Flag 1956
Template:Flag 1993-01-30
  • Croatia is accredited to Tunisia from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco and maintains an honorary consulate in Tunis.
  • Tunisia is accredited to Croatia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria and maintains an honorary consulate in Zagreb.
  • Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean.
Template:Flag 1999
Template:Flag
Template:Flag 17 July 1959
Template:Flag See France–Tunisia relations

Tunisia and France retain a special relationship due to their history, geographic location, and economic relationship. In France there is a sizeable Tunisian diaspora, and the French language is widely used in Tunisia. Business and government connections are extensive and mutually maintained. Ranked by country, France receives the largest amount of Tunisian exports, and France is number-one regarding Tunisian imports also. In recent years many French companies have re-localized production to Tunisia.

Template:Flag
  • Germany has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Berlin.
Template:Flag See Greece–Tunisia relations
  • Greece has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Athens.
Template:Flag
  • Hungary has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Budapest.
Template:Flag 20 June 1956 See Italy–Tunisia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 June 1956.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

  • Italy has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Rome, a consulate-general in Palermo and consulates in Genoa, Milan and Naples.
Template:Flag 21 December 1967
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1967.
  • Malta has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Valletta.
  • Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean.
  • Maltese and Tunisian Arabic are very similar languages. The two countries share very rich historical links.
Template:Flag
  • the Netherlands has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in The Hague.
Template:Flag See Poland–Tunisia relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Warsaw.
Template:Flag
  • Portugal has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Lisbon.
Template:Flag 1963
Template:Flag 1956 See Russia–Tunisia relations
  • Russia has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Moscow.
Template:Flag See Spain–Tunisia relations
  • Spain has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Madrid.
Template:Flag See Sweden–Tunisia relations
  • Sweden has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Stockholm.
Template:Flag
  • Tunisia is accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Warsaw, Poland.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Tunis.
Template:Flag 19 June 1956 See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

Tunisia established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 19 June 1956.<ref name="britain"/>

Both countries share common membership of the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Oceania

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Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 17 February 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 February 1977<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Australia is accredited to Tunisia from its high commission in Valletta, Malta.
  • Tunisia is accredited to Australia from its embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Template:Flag 11 July 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 July 2012<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Foreign Ambassadors

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See also

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Notes

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Footnotes

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Template:Foreign relations of Tunisia Template:Africa in topic

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