Raven

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Common raven of North America (Corvus corax principalis) in flight

A raven is any of several large-bodied passerine bird species in the genus Corvus. These species do not form a single taxonomic group within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between crows and ravens; the two names are assigned to different species chiefly by size.

The largest raven species are the common raven and the thick-billed raven; these are also the largest passerine species.

Etymology

The term raven originally referred to the common raven (Corvus corax), the widespread species of the Northern Hemisphere.

The modern English word raven has cognates in all other Germanic languages, including Old Norse (and subsequently modern Icelandic) Template:Lang<ref>Oxford English Dictionary entry for "raven".</ref> and Old High German Template:Lang,<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> all of which descend from Proto-Germanic Template:Lang.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Collective nouns for a group of ravens include a "conspiracy", a "treachery", a "rave" and an "unkindness";<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Extant species

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Corvus albicollis – White-necked raven (eastern and southern Africa)
Corvus corax – Common raven (Northern Hemisphere)
Corvus coronoides – Australian raven (Australia)
Corvus crassirostris – Thick-billed raven (Horn of Africa)
Corvus cryptoleucus – Chihuahuan raven (United States and Mexico)
Corvus edithae – Dwarf raven (Horn of Africa)
Corvus mellori – Little raven (southeastern Australia)
Corvus rhipidurus – Fan-tailed raven (eastern Africa and Arabian peninsula)
Corvus ruficollis – Brown-necked raven (northern Africa, Arabian peninsula, greater Middle East)
Corvus tasmanicus – Forest raven (Tasmania, southern Victoria and north-east New South Wales in Australia)

Extinct species and morphs

†Corvus moriorum – Chatham raven
†Corvus antipodum – New Zealand raven
†Corvus corax varius morpha leucophaeus – Pied raven (extinct morph of common raven)