ISO 3864
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ISO 3864 is an International Organization for Standardization technical standard for safety signs and markings in workplaces and public facilities. These labels are graphical, to overcome language barriers.<ref name="3864-1"/> The standard is split into four parts.
Parts
[edit]ISO 3864 consists of four parts, that provide more specific and situation specific guidance depending on the application.
- ISO 3864-1:2011 Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings<ref name="3864-1">Template:Cite web</ref>
- ISO 3864-2:2016 Part 2: Design principles for product safety labels<ref name="3864-2">Template:Cite web</ref>
- ISO 3864-3:2012 Part 3: Design principles for graphical symbols for use in safety signs<ref name="3864-3">Template:Cite web</ref>
- ISO 3864-4:2011 Part 4: Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials<ref name="3864-4">Template:Cite web</ref>
Part 1 explains how to layout the components of safety signage, dictate the color scheme and sizing information. Part 2 covers the same concepts as part one, but specifically for labels applied on machinery, vehicles and consumer goods. Part 3 contains guidance for designing new safety symbols. Part 4 specifies the standards for phosphorescent material and colours of a sign, as well as testing to confirm these signs meets required standards.
Components of ISO 3864
[edit]Colours
[edit]These are the colours specified in ISO Standard 3864-4 in RAL colour standard.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="3864-4"/>
| Meaning | RAL Name | RAL Number | RGB Hex<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | Example of Colour |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Warning | Signal Yellow | 1003 | #F9A900 | |
| Prohibition/Fire Equipment | Signal Red | 3001 | #9B2423 | |
| Mandatory | Signal Blue | 5005 | #005387 | |
| Safe Condition | Signal Green | 6032 | #237F52 | |
| Backgrounds and Symbol | Signal White | 9003 | #ECECE7 | |
| Symbol | Signal Black | 9004 | #2B2B2C |
In addition, ISO standard 3864-2:2016 lays out the following colours that correspond to levels of risk.<ref name="3864-2"/> This standard adds "Orange" as an incremental colour to the pallette above.
| Meaning | Signal word | Background colour of panel | Contrast colour | Definition | RGB Hex | Example of Colour |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low level of risk | CAUTION | Yellow | Black | RAL 1003 (per ISO 3864-4) | #F9A900 | |
| Medium level of risk | WARNING | Orange | Black | RAL 2010, Munsell 2,5YR6/14G, or Munsell 5YR6/15G | #D05D29 | |
| High level of risk | DANGER | Red | White | RAL 3001 (per ISO 3864-4) | #9B2423 |
Arrows
[edit]ISO 3864-3 defines four types of arrow designs, and specifies what situations each type should be used in.<ref name="3864-3"/>
| Arrow Type | Arrow image | Meaning | Arrowhead angle in degrees |
|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Center | File:ISO 3864 - Arrow A - Movement in Direction - Right.svg | General movement of objects | 60° |
| Template:Center | File:ISO 3864 - Arrow B - Rotating in Direction - Left.svg | Direction of rotation | 60° |
| Template:Center | File:ISO 3864 - Arrow C - Movement of Force - Right.svg | Movement of forces; pressures, fluids, gasses | 84° |
| Template:Center | File:ISO 3864 - Arrow D - Movement of Persons - 90 Degree.svgFile:ISO 3864 - Arrow D - Movement of Persons - 45 Degree.svg | Movement of people | 84° – 86° |
Safety markings
[edit]Part 1 also provides design standards for 'safety markings', which are safety colors combined with a contrasting color in an alternating 45° stripe pattern, intended to increase the visibility of an object, location or safety message.<ref name="3864-1"/>
| Marking | Colours | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| borderless | Yellow/Black | Indicate location of a hazard |
| borderless | Red/White | Indicate location of firefighting equipment or a prohibition. |
| borderless | Blue/White | Mandatory Action |
| borderless | Green/White | Safe condition |
Signage design
[edit]In addition to prescribing colours for safety signage, ISO 3864 also specifies how to layout the elements of the sign: A symbol and optional 'supplemental sign' which contains the supplementary text message.<ref name="3864-1"/>
- Examples of ISO 3864 sign layouts
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A 'mandatory' sign, in a vertical format.
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A 'mandatory' sign, in a horizontal format, with the text box to the right of the symbol.
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A 'fire protection' sign, in a vertical format.
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A 'fire protection' sign, in horizontal format, with the text box to the right of the symbol.
Multi-message signs
[edit]For situations where more than one message needs to be communicatedTemplate:Efn, ISO 3864 also provides guidance for "multiple signs", which consist of two or more symbol and text messages combined into a single sign. Additionally, fire protection and safe condition signs, which mark the location of equipment or exits can be combined with an arrow to indicate the direction to the item depicted on the sign.<ref name="3864-1"/>
- Examples of ISO 3864 'multiple signs' layouts
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A multi-message sign for hazard and mandatory action, in a vertical format
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A multi-message sign, with hazard, prohibition and mandatory action, in a horizontal format.
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An exit symbol, combined with an arrow pointed up, to the left.
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A Fire extinguisher sign, combined with an arrow to the right.
Related standards
[edit]The corresponding American standard is ANSI Z535. ANSI Z535.1 also explicitly uses multiple levels of hazard, including Yellow (Pantone 109) for 'caution' messages, and Orange (Pantone 151) for stronger 'warning' messages.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Like ISO 3864, ANSI Z535 includes multiple sections: ANSI Z535.6-2006 defines an optional accompanying text in one or more languages.
ISO 3864 is extended by ISO 7010, which provides a set of symbols based on the principles and properties specified in ISO 3864.<ref name="3864-3"/>
See also
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