Armed Forces of Honduras
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox national military
The Armed Forces of Honduras (Template:Langx), consists of the Honduran Army, Honduran Navy and Honduran Air Force.
History
[edit]Early republican era
[edit]The Armed Forces of Honduras were created through article 44, subsection 4 of the First Constitution of the Legislative Chamber in 1825, with the First Supreme Head of State being the Attorney Dionisio de Herrera, for which, they ordered the effective birth of the Honduran army in dated December 11, 1825 and for its greater mobility, it was divided into battalions with the name of each of the seven departments Comayagua the capital, Tegucigalpa, Choluteca, Olancho, Yoro, Gracias and Santa Bárbara that were in charge of strategically and tactically covering order and defense of the state, under French military doctrine. In 1831 the Military School was created with a seat at the San Francisco Barracks, and Colonel Narciso Benítez of Colombian origin was appointed director; From this school graduated: Francisco Morazán, José Antonio Márquez, Diego Vigil, Liberato Moncada, Joaquín Rivera and José Santos Guardiola who were presidents of Honduras, among others.
The first weaponry used was flintlock and gunpowder, the product of mixing sulfur, saltpeter, and coal in relative quantities: the Remington single-load rifle was one of the first bullet rifles that were introduced into the country during the government of General José María Medina.
Mid 19th centrury
[edit]The second stage of the Armed Forces is between the years 1842 and 1876 when the collective uniform emerged in the mid-1840s when the troops of General José Santos Guardiola faced those of General Nicolás Ángulo, in 1845 in the " Combate del Obrajuelo ", in San Miguel, El Salvador.
In 1865 the first attempt was made to organize a Naval Force with its respective regulations; however, the cost of this service made it unsustainable; However, there were several attempts to reactivate the idea and one of them was carried out by Doctor Policarpo Bonilla, who ordered the construction of the Tatumbla steamship in the Kiel shipyard, Germany on November 22, 1895, and then in 1896 respectively, General Manuel Bonilla had the 'Hornet built. While he administered Honduras, the Doctor and General Don Tiburcio Carias Andino also ordered the construction of the steamers Búfalo and El Tigre. On January 1, 1881, the first Military Code of the Honduran army was issued, a legal instrument to govern its own organization.
20th century
[edit]During the twentieth century, Honduran military leaders frequently became presidents, either through elections or by coups d'état. General Tiburcio Carías Andino was elected in 1932, he later on called a constituent assembly that allowed him to be reelected, and his rule became more authoritarian until an election in 1948.
During the following decades, the military of Honduras carried out several coups d'état, starting in October 1955. General Oswaldo López Arellano carried out the next coup in October 1963 and a second in December 1972, followed by coups in 1975 by Juan Alberto Melgar Castro and in 1978 by Policarpo Paz García.
1980s
[edit]Events during the 1980s in El Salvador and Nicaragua led Honduras – with US assistance – to expand its armed forces considerably, laying particular emphasis on its air force, which came to include a squadron of US-provided F-5s.
The military unit Battalion 316 carried out political assassinations and the torture of suspected political opponents of the government during this same period. Battalion members received training and support from the United States Central Intelligence Agency, in Honduras, at U.S. military bases<ref name="baltimoresun_battalion316">Template:Cite news</ref> and in Chile during the presidency of the dictator Augusto Pinochet.<ref name="Nizkor316">Equipo Nizkor, LA APARICION DE OSAMENTAS EN UNA ANTIGUA BASE MILITAR DE LA CIA EN HONDURAS REABRE LA PARTICIPACION ARGENTINO-NORTEAMERICANA EN ESE PAIS., Margen Template:In lang</ref> Amnesty International estimated that at least 184 people "disappeared" from 1980 to 1992 in Honduras, most likely due to actions of the Honduran military.<ref name="AI_honduras_1980s">Template:Cite web</ref>
1990s
[edit]The resolution of the civil wars in El Salvador and Nicaragua, and across-the-board budget cuts made in all ministries, has brought reduced funding for the Honduran Armed Forces. The abolition of the draft has created staffing gaps in the now all-volunteer armed forces. The military is now far below its authorized strength, and further reductions are expected. In January 1999, the Constitution was amended to abolish the position of military Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, thus codifying civilian authority over the Military.
2000s
[edit]Since 2002, soldiers have been involved in crime prevention and law enforcement, patrolling the streets of the major cities alongside the national police.
2009
[edit]On 28 June 2009, in the context of a constitutional crisis, the Military, acting on orders of the Supreme Court of Justice, arrested the President Manuel Zelaya, after which they forcibly removed elected President Zelaya from Honduras. See the article 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis regarding claims regarding legitimacy and illegitimacy of the event, and events preceding and following the removal of Zelaya from Honduras.
The military's chief lawyer, Colonel Herberth Bayardo Inestroza Membreño, made public statements regarding the removal of Zelaya. On June 30, he showed a detention order, apparently signed June 26 by a Supreme Court judge, which ordered the armed forces to detain the president.<ref name="courtorder">Template:Cite news</ref> Colonel Inestroza later stated that deporting Zelaya did not comply with the court order: "In the moment that we took him out of the country, in the way that he was taken out, there is a crime. Because of the circumstances of the moment this crime occurred, there is going to be a justification and cause for acquittal that will protect us."<ref name="MH-03-07-2009">English summary of interview with the legal counsel of the Honduras armed forces, Colonel Herberth Bayardo Inestroza, Template:Cite news; original Template:Cite web</ref> He said the decision was taken by the military leadership "in order to avoid bloodshed".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Following the 2009 ouster of the president, the Honduran military together with other government security forces were allegedly responsible for thousands of allegedly arbitrary detentions<ref name="CIDH_en_prelim">Template:Cite web</ref> and for several forced disappearances and extrajudicial executions of opponents to the de facto government, including members of the Democratic Unification Party. However, evidence about these actions has yet to be provided and there has been some questioning in local media about the actual perpetrators, suggesting that they could actually be related to disputes within the leftists organizations themselves.<ref name="cofadeh_report_20090715">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="internat_mission_FIDHetc_prelim090806">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="internat_mission_FIDHetc_final_es_090806">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="enlazando_mission090730">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="quixote_hnAG">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="hrw_responds_to_93academics">Template:Cite web</ref>
Army
[edit]Template:Expand section Template:Main The Honduran Army (Template:Langx) is the land service branch of the Armed Forces of Honduras.
- 101st Brigade in Choluteca
- 105th Brigade in San Pedro Sula
- 110th Brigade in Danli
- 115th Brigade in Juticalpa
- 120th Brigade in Santa Rosa de Copan
Air Force
[edit]The FAH operates from four air bases located at:
- Hernan Acosta Mejia Air Base at Tegucigalpa
- Soto Cano Air Base at Comayagua,<ref name=
"academia">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Armando Escalon Espinal Air Base at La Lima, Cortés
- Hector Caraccioli Moncada at La Ceiba.
With the exception of Soto Cano Air Base, all other air bases operate as dual civil and military aviation facilities.
Additionally, three air stations are located at:
- Catacamas
- Alto Aguán (bomb range)
- Puerto Lempira airstrips serve as forward operations locations-FOL.
Also a radar station operates at:
- La Mole peak.
Navy
[edit]The Navy is a small force dealing with coastal and riverine security.
The Navy has 71 patrol boats, interceptors and landing craft units.
| Class | Origin | Type | Versions | In service | Fleet |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISRAEL SHIPYARDS Sa'ar 62-class offshore patrol vessel 62.0 meters / 204 feet |
Template:ISR | Ocean patrol vessel | OPV-62M | 1 | FNH-2021 General Trinidad Cabañas Delivered by Israel Shipyard and arrived in country December 2019 |
| Damen Stan Patrol Boat 42.8 meters / 140 feet |
Template:NLD | Coastal patrol vessel | 4207 | 2 | FNH-1401 Lempira FNH-1402 General Francisco Morazán |
| LANTANA BOATYARD Guardian Patrol Boats 32.3 meters / 107 feet |
Template:USA | Coastal patrol craft | 3 | FNH-1071 Tegucigalpa<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> FNH-1072 Copán FNH-1073 unknown name | |
| SWIFTSHIPS Patrol Boats 32.0 meters / 105 feet |
Template:USA | Coastal patrol craft | 3 | FNH-1051 Guaymuras FNH-1052 Honduras FNH-1053 Hibueras | |
| IAI Dabur Type Patrol Boat 26.0 meters / 85 feet |
Template:ISR Template:USA |
Coastal patrol craft | 1 | FNH-8501 Chamelecón | |
| SWIFTSHIPS Patrol Boats 20.0 meters / 65 feet |
Template:USA | Coastal patrol craft | 5 | FNH 6501 Nacaome FNH 6502 Goascorán FNH 6503 Patuca FNH 6504 Ulúa FNH 6505 Choluteca | |
| BOSTON WHALER Interceptors BW370 11.4 meters / 38 feet |
Template:USA | Interceptor boat | Guardian class | 10 | N/A |
| DAMEN Interceptors 1102 UHS 11.0 meters / 36 feet |
Template:NLD | Interceptor boat | 1102 UHS | 6 | FNH-3601 to FNH-3606 |
| SAFE BOATS 35MMI Multi Misión Interceptor 10.7 meters / 35 feet |
Template:COL Template:USA |
Interceptor boat | 35 MMI | 2<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | FNH-3501 FNH-3502 |
| EDUARDOÑO Patrullero 320 10.0 meters / 32 feet |
Template:COL | Interceptor boat | 25 | FNH-3201 to FNH-3225 | |
| NAPCO Piraña Patrol Boats 4.0 meters / 13 feet |
Template:USA | Riverine ops boat | Piraña class | 8 | |
| LANTANA BOATYARD Landing Craft Unit 45.5 meters / 149 feet |
Template:USA | Coastal transport | 1 | FNH-1491 Punta Caxinas | |
| COTECMAR BAL-C Short Range Logistic Support Ship 49.0 meters / 161 feet |
Template:COL | Short Range Logistic Support Ship | BAL-C | 1 | FNH-1611 Gracias a Dios<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| SWIFTSHIPS LCM-8 Landing Craft Unit 22.9 meters / 75 feet |
Template:USA | Landing craft | 3 | FNH-7301 Warunta FNH-7302 Rio Coco FNH-7303 unknown name |
The Honduran navy has 4 naval bases:
- Base Naval Puerto Cortés – main repair and logistics base on the Caribbean Sea
- Base Naval Puerto Castilla – main operating base of patrol boats on the Caribbean Sea
- Base Naval Amapala – main operating base of coastal patrol craft on the north end of the island and only base on the Pacific Ocean side of Honduras
- Base Naval Caratasca – new base to deal with drug trafficking
Additionally, the Honduran navy has the following unit and schools:
- 1st. Marine Infantry Battalion – only marine unit located at La Ceiba
- Honduras Naval Academy – Trains officers for the Honduras Navy at La Ceiba
- Naval Training Center – NCO and Sailor training facility
Military-civilian relations and leadership
[edit]According to a statement in July 2009 by a legal counsel of the Honduras military, Colonel Herberth Bayardo Inestroza, part of the elite Honduran Military generals were opposed to President Manuel Zelaya, whom the Military had removed from Honduras via a military Coup d'état, because of his left-wing politics. Inestroza stated, "It would be difficult for us [the military], with our training, to have a relationship with a leftist government. That's impossible."<ref name="MH-03-07-2009" />
The current Head of the Armed Forces is Carlos Antonio Cuéllar, graduate of the General Francisco Morazan Military Academy and the School of the Americas. In January 2011, the General Rene Arnoldo Osorio Canales, former Head of the Presidential Honor Guard, was appointed Commander.
As of 2012 the Honduran Military has the highest military expenditures of all Central America. They have 52,225 troops in their Army, they have 16,500 troops in their Air Force, and 5,300 troops in their Navy.Template:Citation needed
Equipment
[edit]Small arms
[edit]
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Anti-tank weapons
[edit]| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Caliber | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M40A1<ref name="JWA">Template:Cite book</ref> | File:Recoilless-rifle-beyt-hatotchan-1.jpg | Recoilless rifle | Template:Flag | 105mm | 50 in service. | |
| Carl Gustav<ref name="coudatapp">Template:Cite web</ref> | File:M3E1.jpg | Recoilless rifle | Template:Flag | 84mm |
Tanks
[edit]| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FV101 Scorpion | File:Alvis Scorpion Light Tank.jpg | Light tank | Template:Flag | 19 | ||
| FV107 Scimitar | File:Scimitar Light Tank MOD 45149231.jpg | Light tank | Template:Flag | 3 |
Reconnaissance
[edit]| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RBY Mk 1 | File:RBY-MkI-latrun-2.jpg | Reconnaissance vehicle | Template:Flag | 8<ref name="RAMGS">Template:Cite web</ref> | ||
| Alvis Saladin | File:Alvis Saladin spotted at O'Sheas Pub & Grill (310 Grapevine Hwy Hurst, TX 76054) spotted on April 7, 2013.JPG | Armored car | Template:Flag | 40<ref name="IISS2016">Template:Cite book</ref> |
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Armored personnel carriers
[edit]| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FV105 Sultan | File:Royal Army FV105 Sultan IFOR.jpg | Armored personnel carrier | Template:Flag | 1 |
Utility vehicles
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Artillery
[edit]| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortars | ||||||
| M1<ref name="JIW">Template:Cite book</ref> | File:81 mm Mortar M1.jpg | Mortar | Template:Flag | 200 | ||
| M29<ref name="JIW"/> | File:Mortar M29.jpg | Mortar | Template:Flag | 200 | ||
| Soltam M-65<ref name="SIPRI">Template:Cite web</ref> | File:Mortar-120mm-beyt-hatotchan-1.jpg | Mortar | Template:Flag | 30 | ||
| Soltam M-66<ref name="SIPRI"/> | File:Soltam-Mortar-160mm-beyt-hatotchan-2.jpg | Mortar | Template:Flag | 30 | ||
| Field artillery | ||||||
| M198<ref name= militaryfactory>Template:Cite web</ref> | File:JBLM Artillery 3.jpg | Howitzer | Template:Flag | 12 | ||
| M101 | File:JGSDF 105mm Howitzer M2A1(Type 58 105mm Howitzer) left front view at Camp Nihonbara October 1, 2017.jpg | Howitzer | Template:Flag | 20 | ||
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Air defence systems
[edit]| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M167 VADS | File:JASDF VADS1 Kai in Hamamatsu Air Base 20140928-01.JPG | Rotary cannon | Template:Flag | 30 |
