EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg

EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg Template:Airport codes<ref group=note>IATA airport 3-letter codes for the French area, the Swiss area, and the metropolitan area</ref><ref name=iata/> is an international airport in the administrative commune of Saint-Louis, in the French Alsace part of the Trinational Eurodistrict of Basel. It is Template:Convert west of the tripoint of France, Germany, and Switzerland, Template:Convert northwest of the city of Basel in Switzerland, Template:Convert southeast of Mulhouse in France, and Template:Convert south-southwest of Freiburg im Breisgau in Germany. The airport is jointly administered by France and Switzerland, governed by a 1949 international convention. The airport serves as a base for easyJet Switzerland and mainly features flights to European metropolitan and leisure destinations.

History

Foundation and early years

Plans for the construction of a joint Swiss–French airport started in the 1930s but were halted by the Second World War. Swiss planners identified Basel as one of the four cities for which a main urban airport would be developed and recognized that the existing airfield at Sternenfeld in Birsfelden was too small and, due to the development of the adjacent river port facilities, unsuitable for expansion. The suburb of Allschwil was proposed for a new airport, and this would require being constructed across the Franco-Swiss border, leading to talks with French authorities centered on developing a single airport that would serve both countries, enhancing its international airport status.<ref name="fae">Template:Cite journal</ref>

In 1946 talks resumed and it was agreed that an airport would be built Template:Convert north of Blotzheim, France. France would provide the land and the Swiss canton of Basel-Stadt would cover the construction costs. Basel-Stadt's Grand Council agreed to pay the costs for a provisional airport even before an international treaty was signed (which was not until 1949). Construction began on 8 March 1946 and a provisional airport with a Template:Convert runway was officially opened on 8 May.Template:Citation needed

Between autumn 1951 and spring 1953, the east–west runway was extended to Template:Convert and the "Zollfreistrasse" (fr:Route douanière de l'aéroport à Bâle) (customs-free road) was constructed, allowing access from Basel to the departure terminal without passing through French border controls.Template:Citation needed

The first enlargement project was approved by referendum in Basel in 1960 and, over the following decades, the terminals and runways were continually extended. The north–south runway was extended further to Template:Convert in 1972. In 1984, an annual total of 1 million passengers was reached. In 1987, the trademark name EuroAirport Basel–Mulhouse–Freiburg was introduced.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1992 a total of 2 million passengers used the airport. By 1998, this number rose up to 3 million.Template:Citation needed

In December 1998, Swissair inaugurated service to Newark using Airbus A310s.<ref name="nyt1298">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="prelease">Template:Cite press release</ref> The main reason it launched the route was that it had heard another carrier was planning to begin flights from Basel to Newark; Swissair wanted to start flying the route before the other airline did. The company also hoped to attract people working for the pharmaceutical companies in Basel.<ref name="bz">Template:Cite news</ref> Crossair, a subsidiary of Swissair, code-shared on the flight. The carrier operated a hub at the EuroAirport, from which it flew to 40 regional destinations.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Development in the 2000s

Swissair terminated the flight to Newark in March 2000, saying it suffered from low occupancy.<ref name="prelease"/><ref name="joc200">Template:Cite news</ref> The local newspaper bz Basel commented that the airline did not advertise it well.<ref name="bz"/>

A decision was made to enlarge the terminals again with a new "Y-finger" dock. The first phase was completed in 2002 and the second phase in 2005.Template:Cn

Crossair was the largest airline at the Basel airport. Following the Swissair liquidation in 2001, the subsequent ending of services in early 2002, and the transformation of Crossair into Swiss International Air Lines, the number of flights from Basel fell and the new terminal was initially underused.Template:Cn In 2004 the low-cost carrier easyJet opened a base at Basel and the passenger totals rose again, reaching 4 million in 2006.Template:Cn

From 2007 until 2009, Ryanair also flew to the airport for the first time. However, as a result of a dispute over landing fees, the airline closed all eight routes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> More recently Ryanair announced it would return in April 2014, with the resumption of Basel–Dublin route as well as a short-lived revival of the Basel – London–Stansted route. Ryanair added a Basel-Zagreb route in December 2021.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In May 2008, Air Transat commenced seasonal service to Montreal.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The airline flew an Airbus A310 on the route.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In December 2014, Swiss International Air Lines announced it would cease all operations at Basel by 31 May 2015 due to heavy competition from low-cost carriers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Swiss faced direct competition on five out of its six Basel routes, all of which were operated by Swiss Global Air Lines. The Lufthansa Group announced it would set up Eurowings' first base outside Germany at the EuroAirport as a replacement. However these plans were later cancelled in favour of Vienna Airport.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In January 2017, the removal of Basel/Mulhouse from Air Berlin and its Swiss subsidiary Belair's route networks was announced.<ref name="airberlin.com">Template:Cite web</ref>

International status

File:Aéroport Bâle-Mulhouse 2.jpg

Terminal exterior

File:Aéroport de Bâle 003.jpg

Terminal interior

EuroAirport is one of the few airports in the world operated jointly by two countries,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in this case France and Switzerland. It is governed by a 1949 international convention. The headquarters of the airport's operations are located in Blotzheim, France.<ref>"General conditions of use Template:Webarchive". EuroAirport. Retrieved on 24 September 2009. "The Site is published by Basel–Mulhouse Airport, a Franco-Swiss public enterprise governed by the international convention of 4 July 1949 concerning its construction and operation and the headquarters of which are situated at 68730 Blotzheim, France".</ref> The airport is located completely on French soil; it also has a Swiss customs border and is connected to the Swiss customs area by a Template:Convert-long customs-free road to Basel, allowing air travellers access into Switzerland bypassing French customs clearance. The airport is operated via a state treaty established in 1946 wherein the two countries (Switzerland and France) are granted access to the airport without any customs or other border restrictions. The airport's board has eight members each from France and Switzerland and two advisers from Germany.<ref name=treaty>Template:Cite web</ref>

The airport building is split into two separate sections: Swiss and French. Though the entire airport is on French soil and under French jurisdiction, the Swiss authorities have the authority to apply Swiss laws regarding customs, medical services and police work in the Swiss section, including the customs road connecting Basel with the airport. French police are allowed to execute random checks in the Swiss section as well.<ref name=treaty/> With Switzerland joining the Schengen Treaty in March 2009, the air side was rearranged to include a Schengen and non-Schengen zone.<ref name=plan>Template:Cite web</ref> As border control is staffed by both Swiss and French border officers, passengers arriving from non-Schengen countries must approach the customs office of the country for which they have received the Schengen entry visa, which is either France or Switzerland. On the other hand, the Schengen area can be left from any Schengen area country.

Due to its international status, EuroAirport has three IATA airport codes: BSL (Basel) is the Swiss code, MLH (Mulhouse) is the French code and EAP (EuroAirport) is the neutral code.<ref name=iata/> Some booking systems show different ticket prices for flights to BSL and MLH, as one of them can be a domestic flight within France (with different rules on fuel taxation, etc.), and in some cases, tickets can be issued where a "flight" between BSL and MLH is shown on the itinerary. The airport's ICAO airport code is LFSB. LSZM, the old code, has been reassigned to the airport of Mollis.<ref name=AIP/>

In 2020, a French court decided that job contracts on the airport are governed by French labor laws, not Swiss ones. Basing on a 2012 agreement, the Swiss companies active on the airport have used Swiss labor regulations, which are more employer-friendly than the French ones. For example, the Swiss laws made it easier to dismiss workers, while the French rules prescribe a 35-hour week, earlier retirement, and much higher compensations in case of dismissals. In exchange, working under Swiss laws results in much higher wages.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Terminal

The EuroAirport consists of a single terminal building, a brick-style main area with four levels and the Y-shaped gate area attached to it. The basement (Level 1) contains the access to the car park, the ground level (Level 2) features the arrivals facilities. Level 3 is the check-in area divided into halls 1–4 while the departure gates are located at Level 4. The gate area features gates 1–2, 20–46, 60–61 and 78–87 of which gates 22–32 are used for non-Schengen flights.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Six of the boarding gates feature jet bridges, the others are used for walk- or bus-boarding. The entry and exit area is divided into French and Swiss parts.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

The following airlines offer regular scheduled and charter flights at the EuroAirport:<ref name=BSL>Template:Cite web</ref>

Statistics

Busiest routes by passenger numbers<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Rank	City	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016
1	Kosovo, Pristina	284 309	253 805	201 715	103 806	158 867	138 668	115 066	105 338
2	Netherlands, Amsterdam	178 776	137 704	50 288	56 954	222 480	219 746	210 215	206 986
3	Turkey, Istanbul (Sabiha Gökçen)	157 419	123 097	77 204	47 625	103 528	87 709	78 588	70 338
4	Spain, Barcelona	134 424	126 305	55 043	33 727	177 693	179 538	173 414	170 492
5	Spain, Palma de Mallorca	134 345	121 081	74 794	26 692	153 240	172 534	182 496	155 949
6	UK, London (Heathrow)	134 225	85 406	7 228	28 202	140 676	140 289	129 091	126 362
7	Turkey, Antalya	116 426	102 593	41 213	28 639	75 789
8	Hungary, Budapest	112 128	102 377	37 241	32 234	124 652	89 290
9	Portugal, Porto	107 450	101 608	65 625	54 460	108 173	108 106	106 307	103 998
10	UK, London (Gatwick)	102 422	110 952	14 213	33 326	143 672	141 380	138 051	135 895

Other facilities

File:Swiss International Air Lines, EuroAirport.JPG

Swiss International Air Lines head office at EuroAirport

• The headquarters of Swiss International Air Lines and Swiss Global Air Lines are on the grounds at EuroAirport Basel–Mulhouse–Freiburg in the Swiss section of the airport; even though the airport is within France, the Swiss head office is only accessible from Switzerland.<ref>"Facts and figures Template:Webarchive". Swiss International Air Lines. Retrieved on 13 June 2009.</ref><ref>"Swiss International Air Lines Basel Template:Webarchive". Swiss International Air Lines. Retrieved on 24 September 2009.</ref> The Swiss division Swiss Aviation Software has its head office there as well.<ref>"CONTACT". Swiss Aviation Software. Retrieved on 17 September 2011. "Swiss AviationSoftware Ltd. BSLSAS/MA P.O.Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Marketing & Administration" The location is implied by this picture Template:Webarchive which is of the Swiss head office at Basel Airport.</ref>
• Farnair Switzerland formerly had its head office at EuroAirport. As in the case of the Swiss head office, the area with the former Farnair head office may only be accessed from Switzerland.<ref>"Template:Usurped". Farnair Europe. Retrieved on 8 December 2010.</ref> The head office moved to its current location, the Villa Guggenheim in Allschwil, in proximity to EuroAirport, on 1 October 2011.<ref>"Template:Usurped". () Farnair Switzerland. Retrieved on 19 February 2012.</ref>
• Hello, a now defunct Swiss airline, had its head office in the General Aviation area of EuroAirport.<ref>"Hello Location Template:Webarchive". (Direct image link) Hello. Retrieved on 1 July 2010.</ref>
• Prior to the formation of Swiss International Air Lines, the regional airline Crossair was headquartered on the grounds of EuroAirport.<ref>"Location". Crossair. Retrieved on 13 June 2009.</ref> Prior to its dissolution, Crossair Europe was headquartered on the grounds of EuroAirport as well.<ref>World Airline Directory. Flight International. 23–29 March 2004. 58.</ref>

Ground transportation

Car

File:Grossraum Basel.png

Location of the airport relative to Basel and its surroundings

The airport is connected to motorway A3 which leads from Basel to the southeast of Switzerland passing Zürich.

Bus

There are several bus connections to and from the EuroAirport to all three countries around it:

• On the Swiss exit Basel's BVB bus No. 50<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> connects the airport to the Basel SBB railway station, which is the main Swiss and French railway station in Basel. During weekdays, there is a service every 7–8 minutes and on weekends, every 10 minutes during daytime. The duration of the trip is about 20 minutes. On the day of a visitor's arrival to Basel, a reservation confirmation from a local hotel guarantees a free transfer by public transport from the station or the EuroAirport to the hotel.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• On the French exit, Saint-Louis' DistriBus bus No. 11 connects the airport to the Saint-Louis railway station in 10 minutes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• The German private bus company Flixbus calls at Zürich, Basel and Freiburg Germany up to five times a day. FlixBus however only serves the French exit of the airport. Serving Swiss destinations from the French part of the airport is a questionable legal trick, as people transport by foreign companies inside of Switzerland is illegal without official authorization due to cabotage regulations, which will not be granted by Swiss authorities on routes already supported by tax-financed public services. It's illegal to travel between Swiss destinations only. Police started to do random checks and to fine failing travelers. Serving Swiss destinations from abroad however is compliant.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Rail

As of 2021, the closest train station is the Saint-Louis-la-Chaussée station, some Template:Convert north of the terminal. Plans to build a dedicated airport rail link have existed for some time, however political delays have pushed the earliest operating date to 2035.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Tram

There are two town tramway systems in relatively close proximity to the airport - Basel tramway and Mulhouse tramway. As the former was extended across the border in the 2010s, there are plans to further extend it to serve the airport. Presently,Template:When the tramway serves St Louis SNCF Station, where one can change for the shuttle bus to the airport. Plans to extend the Mulhouse tramway to the airport do seem to be further from realization, however.Template:Cn

See also

• Transport in Switzerland
• Mulhouse–Habsheim Airport

Notes

<references group=note/> Template:Notelist

External links

• Template:Official website Template:In lang
• Template:SkyVector
• Template:NWS-current
• Template:ASN
• Template:ASN
• "Franco-Swiss treaty for the construction and use of Basel–Mulhouse airport in Blotzheim" (1949). Text available in French and German.
• History of Basel Airport on Airport Website Template:In lang
• Information and some history on Airport Website Template:Webarchive Template:In lang