Squamish Five

Template:Short description Template:Use Canadian English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox militant organization Template:Anarchism sidebar The Squamish Five (sometimes referred to as the Vancouver Five)<ref name="Antliff2004" /> were a group of self-styled "urban guerrillas" active in Canada during the early 1980s. Their chosen name was Direct Action. The five were Ann Hansen, Brent Taylor, Juliet Caroline Belmas, Doug Stewart and Gerry Hannah.

Campaigns

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Direct Action member and Subhumans bassist Gerry Hannah

The group's first action was in 1982: vandalizing the British Columbia Ministry of Environment offices.<ref name="threat">Template:Cite book</ref> They began training with stolen weapons in a deserted area north of Vancouver and stole a large cache of dynamite belonging to the Department of Highways.<ref name="ef-belmas" />

On the morning of May 30, 1982, Hansen, Taylor, and Stewart travelled to Vancouver Island and set off a large bomb at the Dunsmuir BC Hydro substation. The damage was extensive, causing over $3 million CAD in damage and leaving four transformers damaged beyond repair. Nobody was injured.<ref name="Antliff2004">Template:Cite book</ref>

Litton Industries bombing

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In October 1982, the five filled a stolen pick-up truck with Template:Convert of dynamite and drove from Vancouver to Toronto. Their target was Litton Industries, a company producing guidance components for the controversial American cruise missiles many feared would increase the risk of nuclear war.<ref name="Antliff2004" />

"Wimmin's Fire Brigade" and Red Hot Video firebombing

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The bombers fled Toronto for Vancouver and ceased their activities as they moved underground together. On November 22, 1982, they emerged as part of a larger group under the name "Wimmin's Fire Brigade".<ref name="Antliff2004" /> They subsequently firebombed three franchises of Red Hot Video, a chain of video pornography stores which had attracted the attention of feminist activists and the local community and was accused of selling snuff films as well as violent and paedophilic pornography. The majority of the stores closed or changed names.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Ann Hansen alleges in her memoirs that the police were surveilling them at the time of the Red Hot Video action, which would mean the police broke the law to get the evidence needed to proceed with the charges on the earlier bombings.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Arrest and trial

The high-profile crimes attracted major police attention and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) was closing in. On the morning of January 20, 1983, an RCMP tactical unit disguised as a road crew captured all five on the road to their training area.<ref name="inside">Hamilton, Dwight. "Inside Canadian Intelligence", 2006</ref>

Punk band D.O.A released a pair of benefit singles, Right to Be Wild and Burn It Down, for the arrested members.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Legacy

After prison, Juliet Belmas attended Emily Carr University of Art and Design, and completed a degree in film. She produced independent art films on the conditions of women in prison and was working on her memoirs as of 2012.<ref name="ef-belmas">interview with Juliet Belmas in Earth First! Journal Template:Webarchive</ref>

In 1987, experimental filmmaker Oliver Hockenhull released Determinations, an avant-garde documentary which criticized the political undertones in media coverage of the Squamish Five.<ref>Calvin Wharton, "Oliver Hockenhull's Determinations". Cinema Canada, April 1988. pp. 31-32.</ref>

In 1988, CBC Television released an award winning docudrama entitled The Squamish Five.<ref>Paul Donovan, "The Squamish Five". Cinema Canada, January 1989.</ref> The film's cast included Nicky Guadagni as Ann Hansen, Michael McManus as Brent Taylor, Robyn Stevan as Juliet Belmas, Albert Schultz as Doug Stewart, and David McLeod as Gerry Hannah.<ref>Greg Quill, "They're the only terrorists we've got eh?". Toronto Star, November 5, 1988.</ref>

References

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External links

Militant Feminism: An Explosive Interview with and Urban Guerilla Interview with Juliet Belmas in May/June 2010 issue of Earth First! Journal
The Vancouver Five (aka Direct Action) Template:Webarchive. Includes an interview with Ann Hansen and an essay by a supporter of the Five in Toronto.
Direct Action: Reflections on Armed Resistance and the Squamish Five, an audio CD recorded by Ann Hansen, presenting information from her book.
Belmas court records, court sentencing documents relating to Belmas' court trials.
How nonviolence protects the state, an essay which discusses the legitimacy of violence in civil unrest; the Squamish Five are cited as examples of the effectiveness of the technique.