Hereford, Texas

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Hereford (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>) is a city in and the county seat of Deaf Smith County, Texas, United States. It is 48 miles southwest of Amarillo. Its population was 14,972 at the 2020 census. It is the only incorporated locality named "Hereford" in the United States.<ref name="GR6">Template:Cite web</ref>

The area is known for its semiarid climate, with heavy farming and ranching throughout the area sustained by irrigation from the Ogallala Aquifer and the saltier Santa Rosa Aquifer beneath it.

Hereford's local water supply contains an unusually high level of naturally occurring fluoride. Because fluoride is used to protect against tooth decay, Hereford earned the title "The Town Without a Toothache".

It is also known as the "Beef Capital of the World" because of the large number of cattle feedlots in the area. The city is named for the Hereford breed. The local economy is affected significantly by growth in the dairy and ethanol industries.

Hereford is also home to the headquarters of the Deaf Smith Electric Cooperative, which serves Deaf Smith, Castro, Parmer, and Oldham Counties.<ref>Spotlight on CRC Member: Deaf Smith Electric Cooperative.Template:Dead link Cooperative Response Center.</ref>

History

File:Hereford, Tex. (25637244773).jpg

Hereford in 1909

Hereford was founded as "Blue Water" in 1899 after the Pecos and Northern Texas Railway connected Amarillo to Farwell. After a town already named Blue Water was discovered, residents renamed the town "Hereford" in honor of the cattle of the local ranchers and the city, Hereford, in the United Kingdom.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

During World War II, a prisoner-of-war camp existed there for Italian prisoners of war. It was dismantled in 1947.Template:Citation needed

In 1975, popular high school teacher Wayne Woodward was fired for his efforts to establish a local branch of the American Civil Liberties Union. Mr. Woodward won a subsequent legal suit, that gained national attention, against the Hereford Independent School District. The events were documented in the 2022 book You Will Never Be One of Us by Timothy P. Bowman.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

A rich Western heritage includes the Las Escarbadas ranch house of the XIT Ranch, once located southwest of Hereford. The restored historic structure can now be seen at the National Ranching Heritage Center at Texas Tech University in Lubbock. The Deaf Smith County Historical Museum at 400 Sampson Street in Hereford offers indoor and outdoor exhibits on the settlement of West Texas.

Hereford was once known as the "Windmill City"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> due to its many windmills supplying fresh water from the Ogallala Aquifer.

Geography

Hereford is located in southeastern Deaf Smith County and on the Llano Estacado. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of Template:Convert, all land.<ref name="Census 2010">Template:Cite web</ref>

U.S. Highway 60 passes through the city as 1st Street, leading northeast Template:Convert to Amarillo and southwest Template:Convert to Clovis, New Mexico. U.S. Highway 385 (25 Mile Avenue) runs north–south through the city, leading north Template:Convert to Interstate 40 at Vega and south Template:Convert to Dimmitt.

Climate

Hereford's climate is classified as a steppe climate (BSk) using the 2006 map of Köppen climate classification, meaning it is semiarid.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Hereford was named as the "coolest" city in Texas with an average summer temperature of Template:Convert.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

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Demographics

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2020 census

**Hereford racial composition**<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
(*NH = Non-Hispanic*)Template:Efn
Race	Number	Percentage
White (NH)	2,757	18.41%
Black or African American (NH)	98	0.65%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH)	39	0.26%
Asian (NH)	32	0.21%
Some Other Race (NH)	39	0.26%
Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH)	129	0.86%
Hispanic or Latino	11,878	79.33%
Total	14,972

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 14,972 people, 4,776 households, and 3,593 families residing in the city.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, 15,370 people resided in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 71.7% Hispanic or Latino, 26.3% White, 0.9% Black, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% from some other race, and 0.5% from two or more races.

2000 census

As of the census<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, 14,597 people, 4,839 households, and 3,730 families resided in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. The 5,323 housing units averaged 948.4 per square mile (366.3/kmTemplate:Sup). The racial makeup of the city was 69.86% White, 1.76% African American, 0.82% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 24.77% from other races, and 2.41% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 61.37% of the population.

Of the 4,839 households, 42.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were not families. About 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.44.

In the city, the population was distributed as 34.0% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,599, and for a family was $33,387. Males had a median income of $26,488 versus $18,920 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,787. About 19.4% of families and 20.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.9% of those under age 18 and 15.8% of those age 65 or over.

In December 2015, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer voted Hereford not only the "most conservative" city in Texas, but also in the United States, in terms of political contributions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Education

The first public school was opened in 1900.<ref>The Handbook of Texas Online, retrieved 2009-12-30</ref> Today, Hereford's seven public schools serve around 4,000 students and are directed by the Hereford Independent School District.<ref>Hereford ISD, retrieved 2009-12-30</ref>

Notable people

Parker Bridwell, pitcher for MLB's New York Yankees, was born in Hereford.
Ron Ely, actor, best remembered for his role as Tarzan on an NBC television series in the 1960s, was born in Hereford in 1938
Lon L. Fuller (1902–1978), American legal philosopher known for his advocacy of a secular form of natural law theory, was born in Hereford
Rip Hawk, professional wrestler, lived in Hereford, after retiring from wrestling.
Edgar Mitchell (1930–2016), who on Apollo 14 in 1971 became the sixth astronaut to walk on the Moon, was born in Hereford.
Skeeter Skelton, lawman and firearms writer