Guthrie, Oklahoma

Guthrie is a city and county seat in Logan County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City Metroplex. Its population was 10,191 at the 2010 census, a 2.7% increase from 9,925 in the 2000 census.<ref>"Census Data for Guthrie, OK.", News-Leader.com. Retrieved January 12, 2012.Template:Cite web</ref> First known as a railroad station stop, after the Land Run of 1889, Guthrie immediately gained 10,000 new residents, who began to develop the town. It was rapidly improved and was designated as the territorial capital, and in 1907 as the first state capital of Oklahoma. In 1910, state voters chose the larger Oklahoma City as the new capital in a special election.

Guthrie is nationally significant for its collection of late 19th- and early 20th-century commercial architecture. The Guthrie Historic District includes more than 2,000 buildings and is designated as a National Historic Landmark. Historic tourism is important to the city, and its Victorian architecture provides a backdrop for Wild West and territorial-style entertainment, carriage tours, replica trolley cars, specialty shops, and art galleries.

History

File:State Capital Company Building in Guthrie, Oklahoma (2013).jpg

Oklahoma State Capital Company Building in Guthrie

Guthrie was established in 1887 as a railroad station called Deer Creek on the Southern Kansas Railway (later acquired by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway) running from the Kansas–Oklahoma border to Purcell.<ref name="EOHC-Guthrie">"Guthrie." Wilson, Linda D. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Template:Webarchive Retrieved August 10, 2014.</ref> The name was later changed to Guthrie, named for jurist John Guthrie of Topeka, Kansas. A post office was established on April 4, 1889.<ref>Shirk, George H. (1966). Oklahoma Place Names, p. 94. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.</ref>

In 1889, some 50,000 potential settlers gathered at the edges of the Unassigned Lands in hopes of staking a claim to a plot. At noon on April 22, 1889, cannons resounded at a Template:Convert section of Indian Territory, launching president Benjamin Harrison's "Hoss Race" or Land Run of 1889. People ran for both farmlands and towns.

During the next six hours, about 10,000 people settled in what became the capital of the new Territory of Oklahoma. Within months, Guthrie was developed as a modern brick-and-stone "Queen of the Prairie" with municipal water, electricity, a mass-transit system, and underground parking garages for horses and carriages.

Guthrie's western heritage includes the fact that, on April 13, 1898, outlaw Richard "Little Dick" West, a former member of the Wild Bunch gang, was in town when approached by legendary lawmen Heck Thomas and Bill Tilghman. He refused to surrender, and was killed in the resulting gunfight. He is buried in the Summit View Cemetery in Guthrie near outlaw Bill Doolin.<ref name="West">Template:Cite web</ref>

Hobart Johnstone Whitley, also known as HJ and the Father of Hollywood, was the first president of the Guthrie Chamber of Commerce. Whitley built the first brick block building in the territory for his National Loan and Trust Company. He was asked by the local people to be the first governor of Oklahoma. Whitley traveled to Washington, DC, where he persuaded the U.S. Congress to allow Guthrie to be the new capital of the future state of Oklahoma. This was specified in the 1906 Oklahoma Enabling Act, which established certain requirements for the new state constitution.<ref name="EOHC-Enabling">Everett, Dianna. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. "Enabling Act (1906)." Retrieved January 10, 2012.[1] Template:Webarchive</ref> By 1907, when Guthrie became the state capital, it looked like a well-established Eastern city.

Guthrie prospered as the administrative center of the territory, but it was eclipsed in economic influence by Oklahoma City early in the 20th century. Oklahoma City had become a major junction for several railroads and had also attracted a major industry in the form of meat packing. Oklahoma City business leaders began campaigning soon after statehood to make Oklahoma City the new state capital, and in 1910, a special election was held to determine the location of the state capital; 96,488 votes were cast for Oklahoma City; 31,031 for Guthrie; and 8,382 for Shawnee.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Governor Charles N. Haskell, who was in Tulsa on the day of the election, ordered his secretary W. B. Anthony to have Oklahoma Secretary of State Bill Cross obtain the state seal and transport it to Oklahoma City, despite having been served a restraining order by Logan County Sheriff John Mahoney blocking the transfer.<ref name=Myths>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref name="Fact Bites">Template:Cite web</ref> Anthony obtained written authorization from Cross, retrieved the seal from the Logan County courthouse, and delivered it to Oklahoma City.<ref name=Myths/>

After the capital was transferred, Guthrie lost much of its government-related business and numerous residents. It began to dwindle in size and soon lost its status as Oklahoma's second-largest city, initially to Muskogee, then later to Tulsa. A challenge to the new state capital was heard in the Oklahoma Supreme Court; it upheld the election and moved in its ruling on February 9, 1911,<ref>Template:Cite court</ref> as did the United States Supreme Court in 1911.<ref>Template:Cite court</ref>

The center district of Guthrie was designated a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service in 1999, in recognition of the city's importance to state history, as well as its rich architecture.

Culture

As a result of Guthrie's early loss of prominence, it has a well-preserved Victorian enclave. Whereas growth and inattentive urban planning caused other Oklahoma towns such as Oklahoma City to destroy much of their early downtown architecture, much of the entire central business and residential district of Guthrie is intact.

The National Finals Steer Roping Rodeo is held in Guthrie. On six occasions, Texas rodeo promoter Dan Taylor was chute director for the competition in Guthrie.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Historical tourism has become a significant industry for the town. Guthrie is the largest urban historic district in Oklahoma, containing 2,169 buildings, Template:Convert, and 400 city blocks. Guthrie is a "Certified City"; it has received a Community Development Block Grant to inventory infrastructure features for capital-improvement planning.

To the south of Guthrie lie Liberty Lake and Guthrie Lake. Its museums include the Oklahoma Territorial Museum; it hosts the Oklahoma International Bluegrass Festival, which draws 15,000 visitors annually. In addition, Guthrie claims to be the "Bed and Breakfast" capital of Oklahoma.

Guthrie also hosts the Guthrie Scottish Rite Masonic Temple, one of the world's largest Masonic centers,<ref name=gsr>Template:Cite web</ref> which in years past has brought artists such as Henry Mancini, Lena Horne, Victor Borge, and Luciano Pavarotti to local audiences.<ref>Pollard Theatre. "Our History" retrieved May 29, 2021.</ref>

Guthrie has Oklahoma's oldest year-round professional theatre company, the Pollard Theatre Company.<ref>The Pollard Theatre</ref> With an emphasis on creative story-telling to illuminate the shared human experience, the Pollard produces six or more plays and musicals annually, enlisting artists across the United States. The annual holiday favorite is A Territorial Christmas Carol.

Guthrie is served by the Guthrie News-Leader newspaper.<ref>Guthrie News - Logan County's News Source, Classifieds and Business Directory since 1892</ref>

Geography

Guthrie lies along one of the primary corridors into Texas and Mexico, and is a four-hour drive from the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. The city is located in the Frontier Country region in the center of the state. It is about Template:Convert north of Oklahoma City.<ref name="EOHC-Guthrie"/>

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is covered by water. The total area is 2.81 percent water.

Guthrie is in the Sandstone Hills region of Oklahoma, known for hills of Template:Convert and oak forests<ref>Oklahoma Geography, NetState.com (accessed May 16, 2013)</ref> and an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers.<ref>Ecoregions of OklahomaTemplate:Dead link (accessed May 16, 2013)</ref>

Climate

Guthrie has a humid subtropical climate, with frequent variations in weather daily and seasonally, except during the consistently hot and humid summer months. Consistent winds, usually from the south or south-southeast during the summer, help temper the hotter weather. Consistent northerly winds during the winter can intensify cold periods.

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Demographics

As of the census<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, 9,925 people, 3,854 households, and 2,474 families were residing in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. The 4,308 housing units had an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 75.84% White, 15.77% African American, 2.97% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 1.96% from other races, and 3.03% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 3.79% of the population.

Of the 3,854 households, 29.2% had children under 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were not families. About 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the city, the age distribution was 24.7% under 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 79.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,460, and for a family was $38,732. Males had a median income of $27,948 versus $21,186 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,774. About 9.8% of families and 17.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.1% of those under 18 and 18.4% of those 65 or over.

In Media

Film

Several films have been shot in whole or in part within the city:

• Parts of Fast Charlie... the Moonbeam Rider (1979) were filmed in Guthrie.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref name=Films>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Guthrie's main street can be seen briefly in the movie Rain Man (1988) starring Dustin Hoffman and Tom Cruise.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>
• My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys (1991) was filmed in Guthrie. Ben Johnson played Jesse Dalton.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Twister (1996), the Warner Bros. movie starring Bill Paxton and Helen Hunt, used this town for the drive-in scene. In the original screenplay for this movie, it was going to be destroyed instead of Wakita.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Public Enemies (1996) with Theresa Russell<ref name=Films/>
• Elizabethtown (2005), a Cameron Crowe film<ref name=Films/>
• Fingerprints (2006)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• The Killer Inside Me (2010) was filmed in Guthrie starring Jessica Alba, Kate Hudson, and Casey Affleck.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Rudderless (2014) - directed by William H. Macy, starring Billy Crudup and Anton Yelchin<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hellraiser: Judgment (2018) from the Hellraiser franchise<ref name=Films/>
• The Girl Who Believes in Miracles (2021)<ref>Template:Cite AV mediaTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
• Stillwater (2021) with Matt Damon<ref name=Films/>
• Reagan (2024), the Ronald Reagan biography<ref name=Films/>

Literature

• The protagonist of the Adam Binder series of fantasy novels is originally from Guthrie, as is series author David R. Slayton.Template:Citation needed
• Guthrie was the setting for The Curse of Yig, a horror story written by H. P. Lovecraft and Zealia Bishop.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Notable people

• Byron Berline, bluegrass musician
• Leon Breeden, musician, educator, director of music at North Texas State University
• John Hazelton Cotteral, United States district and appellate judge
• Bill Doolin, the outlaw who founded the Wild Bunch, is interred at Summit View Cemetery in Guthrie.
• Dennis Thomas Flynn, postmaster and delegate to the territorial convention<ref name="EOHC-Guthrie"/>
• Helen Holmes, journalist, historian, Women's Army Corps officer, mayor of Guthrie
• Jerry Hopper, film and television director, was born in Guthrie.
• Joshua Key, United States Army soldier who deserted to Canada due to his opposition to the Iraq War
• France Laux, baseball broadcaster for St. Louis Cardinals, was born in Guthrie.
• Carrie Nation, Prohibition advocate and publisher of The Hatchet<ref name="EOHC-Guthrie"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ted Power, former professional baseball player, was born in Guthrie.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Peter Ramondetta, professional skateboarder, was raised in Guthrie.
• Horace Speed, first district attorney for Oklahoma Territory, continued to live and practice law in Guthrie until 1913.
• Gene Stephenson, former Wichita State University baseball coach
• Phil Stephenson, former MLB player
• W.K. Stratton, author and journalist, was born and educated in Guthrie.
• Stanley Vestal, author of the American Old West, was partly reared in Guthrie.
• Hobart Johnstone Whitley, land developer, banker, Rock Island Railroad executive

External links

• City of Guthrie official website
• Guthrie Chamber of Commerce
• History of Guthrie
• Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Guthrie