Glen: Difference between revisions
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A glen is a valley, typically one that is long and bounded by gently sloped concave sides, unlike a ravine, which is deep and bounded by steep slopes. The word is Goidelic in origin: gleann in Irish and Scottish Gaelic, glion in Manx. The designation "glen" also occurs often in place names. Glens are appreciated by tourists for their tranquility and scenery.
Etymology
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The word is Goidelic in origin: gleann in Irish and Scottish Gaelic, glion in Manx. In Manx, glan is also to be found meaning glen. It is cognate with Welsh glyn.Template:Cn Whittow defines it as a "Scottish term for a deep valley in the Highlands" that is "narrower than a strath".<ref>Template:Cite book.</ref>
Examples in Northern England, such as Glenridding, Westmorland, or Glendue, near Haltwhistle, Northumberland, are thought to derive from the aforementioned Cumbric cognate, or another Brythonic equivalent. This likely underlies some examples in Southern Scotland.<ref name="bliton" />Template:Pn
As the name of a river, it is thought to derive from the Irish word glan meaning clean, or the Welsh word gleindid meaning purity. An example is the Glens of Antrim in Northern Ireland where nine glens radiate out from the Antrim plateau to the sea along the coast between Ballycastle and Larne.Template:Cn
Places
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The designation "glen" also occurs often in place names such as Great Glen and Glenrothes in Scotland; Glendalough, Glenswilly, Glen of Aherlow, Glen of Imaal and the Glens of Antrim in Ireland;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Glenn Norman in Canada; Glendale, Glen Ellen and Klamath Glen in California, Glenview and Homer Glen in Illinois, and Glenrock in Wyoming; Glenview, Glen Waverley, Glen Eira, Glengowrie, Glen Huntly and Glen Forrest in Australia; and Glenorchy, Glendowie, Glen Eden, Glenledi, Glenomaru, Glen Massey, Glen Murray, Glenleith, Glendhu Bay, Glenbrook, and Glen Innes in New Zealand.Template:Cn
In the Finger Lakes region of New York State, the southern ends of Seneca Lake and Cayuga Lake in particular are etched with glens, although in this region the term "glen" refers most frequently to a narrow gorge, as opposed to a wider valley or strath. The steep hills surrounding these lakes are filled with loose shale from glacial moraines. This material has eroded over the past 10,000 years to produce rocky glens (e.g., Watkins Glen, Fillmore Glen State Park and Treman State Parks) and waterfalls (e.g., Taughannock Falls) as rainwater has flowed down toward the lakes below.Template:Cn
Scotland
[edit]Many place-names in Scotland with "glen" derive from the Gaelic gleann ("deep valley"), with some being from the cognates in the Brittonic languages Cumbric and Pictish or from the Gaelic loanword glen in Scots.
- Glenalmond, Perthshire
- Glen Affric, Inverness-shire
- Glenbarton, Dumfriesshire - from Gaelic *gleann-Breatann, or else Brittonic glyn-Brython ("Briton valley").<ref name="bliton">Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Pn
- Glencairn, Dumfriesshire
- Glen Coe, Argyll
- Glencortas, Fife - from Gaelic gleann + possibly coirthe ("standing stone") + as (locational suffix).<ref name="fpnd" />
- Glendevon, Perthsihire
- Glendevon, Lanarkshire
- Glendivan, Dumfriesshire
- Glendow, Dumfriesshire - from Middle Irish glenn-dubh or Brittonic glyn-du ("dark valley").
- Glen Doll, Perthshire
- Glenduckie, Fife - from Gaelic gleann + possibly duaigh ("evil") + -in (suffix).<ref name="fpnd">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Glen Etive, Argyll
- Glengaber, Dumfriesshire
- Glenkens, Kirkcudbrightshire - Brittonic glyn + Ken (river name).<ref name="bliton" />Template:Pn
- Glenlochar, Kirkcudbrighshire
- Glen Ogle, Perthshire
- Glenrothes, Fife - from Scots glen + Rothes.<ref name="fpnd" />
- Glensax, Peeblesshire
- Glensaxon, Dumfriesshire
- Glen Shiel, Ross and Cromarty
- Glentanner, Selkirkshire
- Glentenmont, Dumfriesshire
- Glenturk, Wigtownshire
- Glenturret, Perthshire
- Glen Vale, Fife - from Gaelic gleann-a’-bhealaich ("glen of the pass").<ref name="fpnd" />
England
[edit]Some place-names in England contain the element "Glen". Many of these are derived from Brittonic cognates of Gaelic gleann (Welsh glyn).
- Glencoyne, Cumberland - Brittonic glyn or Middle Irish glenn + possibly a river name.<ref name="bliton" />Template:Pn
- Glendinning, Cumberland - Brittonic glyn or Middle Irish glen + Brittonic din ("fort") + an/in (suffix).<ref name="bliton" />Template:Pn
- Glendon, Devon - possibly a hybrid of Cornish glyn and Old English dun ("hill").<ref name="epnssepn" />
- Glendowlin, Westmorland - Brittonic glyn or Middle Irish glenn + earlier Brittonic du ("black") + llyn ("pool").<ref name="bliton" />Template:Pn
- Glendue, Northumberland
- Glendurgan, Cornwall - from Cornish glynn ("deep valley") + dowrgeun ("otters").<ref name="htpn" />
- Glenridding, Westmorland - equivalent to Old Welsh glinnredin ("bracken valley").<ref name="epnssepn" />
- Glyn Morlas, Shropshire
- Glynn Kenyel, Cornwall - from Cornish glynn ("deep valley") + ken ("meeting, confluence") + yel (adjectival suffix).<ref name="htpn">Template:Cite web</ref>
Note that some place-names in England with "Glen", such as Glen Parva in Leicestershire, are actually more likely to derive from river-names named with Brittonic glan ("shining").<ref name="epnssepn">Template:Cite web</ref>
Wales
[edit]Some place-names in Wales contain the element glyn ("valley").
- Emlyn, Pembrokshire, from am-glyn ("at the valley")<ref name="pnw">Template:Cite book</ref>
- Glynceiriog, Denbighshire<ref name="pnw" />
- Glyncorrwg, Glamorgan
- Glynneath, Glamorgan<ref name="pnw" />
- Glynrhonwy, Carnarfonshire<ref name="pnw" />
- Glyn Tarell, Brecknockshire
Isle of Man
[edit]- Glen Maye, Glenfaba
- Glen Wyllin, Kirk Michael
- Silverdale Glen, Malhew
- Tholt-y-Will Glen, Lezayre - also known as Sulby Glen